CLOUD OMPUTING AN OVERVIEW

Pradip Patil1, Gurudatt Kulkarni2, Amruta Dongare3 1,2Lecturer in Marathwada Mitra Mandals Polytechnic, 3Student DYP Pune (BE)
Abstract: - The emergence of cloud computing provides many opportunities for academia, the information technology (IT) industry and the global economy as an information technology revolution. Cloud computing is an increasingly popular paradigm for accessing computing resources. In practice, cloud service providers tend to offer services that can be grouped into three categories: software as a service, platform as a service, and infrastructure as a service. Cloud computing, with the revolutionary promise of computing as a utility, has the potential to transform how IT services are delivered and managed. Yet, despite its great promise, even the most seasoned professionals know little about cloud computing or how to define it. Keyword:- PaaS, SaaS, Cloud, Public Cloud 1.0 INTRODUCTION:Cloud computing is Web-based processing, in which distributed assets, programs, and information are supplied to computers and other devices (such as smart phones) on demand through the Internet. Cloud computing is a natural development of the prevailing adoption of virtualization, Service-oriented structures and utility computing. [1] Details are abstracted from buyers, who no longer have required for know-how in, or command over, the expertise infrastructure in the cloud that carries them. The period cloud is utilized as a metaphor for the Internet, founded on the cloud drawing utilized to comprise the phone network in the past, and subsequent to depict the Internet in computer mesh design drawings as an abstraction of the inherent infrastructure it represents. 2.0 HISTORY OF CLOUD COMPUTING [1] The concept of cloud computing was invented in 2002 by Amazon, a leading e-business, which had invested in a fleet of huge machines, sized to handle the heavy load of orders made on their site at the time of Christmas, but Instead, the unused balance of the year. Under-sizing their fleet would have caused downtime of their website at peaks, thereby jeopardizing their business during the holidays (a big part of their turnover) (Grossman 2009). Their idea has been to open these unused resources to businesses to hire them on demand. Since then, Amazon has invested heavily in this area and continues to expand its fleet and services. Recently, other players in the IT world such as Google and Microsoft, in turn, offer similar services. These cloud services based on the data center hardware (digital stations) huge (only these large companies can afford), and in software on virtualization techniques offer enterprise customers of IT resources. It varies the size over time (no need to purchase and maintain on-site large servers) a few minutes to start up a new server in the Cloud. Instead of several months in situ it can absorb large load peaks (the suppliers offer CPU and high-performance network) the availability of which is guaranteed by contract (eg, less than 5 minutes of downtime per year, if not refund) (Armsbrust, 2009). 3.0 CLOUD COMPUTING MODELS:-[3] Cloud Providers offer services that can be grouped into three categories. 3.1. Software as a Service (SaaS): In this model, a complete application is offered to the customer, as a service on demand. A single instance of the service runs on the cloud & multiple end users are serviced. On the customers side, there is no need for upfront investment in servers or software licenses, while for the provider, the costs are lowered, since only a single application needs to be hosted & maintained. Today SaaS is offered by companies such as Google, Salesforce, Microsoft, Zoho, etc.

4.0 FOUR DEPLOYMENT MODELS:- [4,6] Private Cloud: - The cloud infrastructure is operated solely for an organization. It may be managed by the organization or a third party and may exist on premise or off premise. The information and development are control within the group with no the limitations of the system bandwidth, safety measures exposures and legal necessities. Additionally, private cloud services propose the user have power over of the cloud infrastructure, humanizing protection and resiliency. Community Cloud:- The cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). It may be managed by the organizations or a third party and may exist on premise or off premise.

Figure 3.1Cloud Computing Models 3.2. Platform as a Service (Paas): Here, a layer of software, or development environment is encapsulated & offered as a service, upon which other higher levels of service can be built. The customer has the freedom to build his own applications, which run on the providers infrastructure. To meet manageability and scalability requirements of the applications, PaaS providers offer a predefined combination of OS and application servers, such as LAMP platform (Linux, Apache, MySql and PHP), restricted J2EE, Ruby etc. Googles App Engine, Force.com, etc are some of the popular PaaS examples. [2] 3.3. Infrastructure as a Service (Iaas): IaaS provides basic storage and computing capabilities as standardized services over the network. Servers, storage systems, networking equipment, data centre space etc. are pooled and made available to handle workloads. The customer would typically deploy his own software on the infrastructure. Some common examples are Amazon, GoGrid, 3 Tera, etc.

Figure 3.2 Cloud Computing Stack[5]

Figure 4.0 Deployment Models Public Cloud: - The cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public or a large industry group and is owned by an organization selling cloud services. In plain words, public cloud casework or services are described as being accessible to cloud users from a third party account provider by means of the Internet. The appellation 'public' does not consistently indicate free, even admitting it can be chargeless or adequately be use with less cost. This also doesn't mean that the cloud users' personal info and data is exposed to the public. This model provides an expandable, rate efficient means to set up cloud services.[6] Hybrid Cloud:- The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique

entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load-balancing between clouds). 5.0 CHARACTERISTICS:-[3] Cloud computing has a variety of characteristics, with the main ones being: Shared Infrastructure Uses a virtualized software model, enabling the sharing of physical services, storage, and networking capabilities. The cloud infrastructure, regardless of deployment model, seeks to make the most of the available infrastructure across a number of users. Dynamic Provisioning Allows for the provision of services based on current demand requirements. This is done automatically using software automation, enabling the expansion and contraction of service capability, as needed. This dynamic scaling needs to be done while maintaining high levels of reliability and security. Network Access Needs to be accessed across the internet from a broad range of devices such as PCs, laptops, and mobile devices, using standards-based APIs (for example, ones based on HTTP). Deployments of services in the cloud include everything from using business applications to the latest application on the newest smart phones. Managed Metering Uses metering for managing and optimizing the service and to provide reporting and billing information. In this way, consumers are billed for services according to how much they have actually used during the billing period. In short, cloud computing allows for the sharing and scalable deployment of services, as needed, from almost any location, and for which the customer can be billed based on actual usage. 6.0 BENEFITS OF CLOUD COMPUTING:As cloud computing begins to take hold, several major benefits have become evident:

Costs:- The cloud promises to reduce the cost of acquiring, delivering, and maintaining computing power, a benefit of particular importance in times of fiscal uncertainty. By enabling agencies to purchase only the computing services needed, instead of investing in complex and expensive IT infrastructures, agencies can drive down the costs of developing, testing, and maintaining new and existing systems. Access:- The cloud promises universal access to high-powered computing and storage resources for anyone with a network access device. By providing such capabilities, cloud computing helps to facilitate telework initiatives, as well as bolster an agencys continuity of operations (COOP) demands. Scalability and Capacity:- The cloud is an always-on computing resource that enables users to tailor consumption to their specific needs. Infinitely scalable, cloud computing allows IT infrastructures to be expanded efficiently and expediently without the necessity of making major capital investments. Capacity can be added as resources are needed and completed in a very short period of time. Resource Maximization:- Cloud computing eases the burden on IT resources already stretched thin, particularly important for agencies facing shortages of qualified IT professionals. Collaboration:- The cloud presents an environment where users can develop softwarebased services that enhances collaboration and fosters greater information sharing, not only within the agency, but also among other government and private entities. Customization:- Cloud computing offers a platform of tremendous potential for creating and amending applications to address a diversity of tasks and challenges. Its inherent agility means that specific processes can be easily altered to meet shifting agency needs, since those processes are typically changeable by making a configuration change, and not by driving redevelopment from the back-end systems (Heyward and Rayport, 2009)

7.0 CLOUD COMPUTING CHALLENGES [6] The following are some of the notable challenges associated with cloud computing, and although some of these may cause a slowdown when delivering more services in the cloud, most also can provide opportunities, if resolved with due care and attention in the planning stages. Security and Privacy Two of the more hot button issues surrounding cloud computing relate to storing and securing data, and monitoring the use of the cloud by the service providers. These issues are generally attributed to slowing the deployment of cloud services. These challenges can be addressed, for example, by storing the information internal to the organization, but allowing it to be used in the cloud. Lack of Standards Clouds have documented interfaces; however, no standards are associated with these, and thus it is unlikely that most clouds will be interoperable. The Open Grid Forum is developing an Open Cloud Computing Interface to resolve this issue and the Open Cloud Consortium is working on cloud computing standards and practices. Continuously Evolving User requirements are continuously evolving, as are the requirements for interfaces, networking, and storage. This means that a cloud, especially a public one, does not remain static and is also continuously evolving. Compliance Concerns The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in the US and Data Protection directives in the EU are just two among many compliance issues affecting cloud computing, based on the type of data and application for which the cloud is being used. The EU has a legislative backing for data protection across all member states, but in the US data protection is different and can vary from state to state. As with security and privacy mentioned previously, these typically result in Hybrid cloud deployment with one cloud storing the data internal to the organization.

CONCLUSION:Cloud computing users avoid capital expenditure (CapEx) on hardware, software, and services when they pay a provider only for what they use. Consumption is usually billed on a utility (resources consumed, like electricity) or subscription (timebased, like a newspaper) basis with little or no upfront cost. Other benefits of this approach are low barriers to entry, shared infrastructure and costs, low management overhead, and immediate access to a broad range of applications. In general, users can terminate the contract at any time (thereby avoiding return on investment risk and uncertainty), and the services are often covered by service level agreements (SLAs) with financial penalties. Cloud computing offers real alternatives to IT departments for improved flexibility and lower cost. Markets are developing for the delivery of software applications, platforms, and infrastructure as a service to IT departments over the cloud REFERENCES:1. Cloud Computing As an Emerging Paradigm , Smitha Nayak and Ammar Yassir, IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL.12 No.1, January 2012 2. A Short Introduction to Cloud Platforms an Enterprise-Oriented View, David Chappell August 2008, Sponsored by Microsoft Corporation. 3. Cloud Computing Building a Framework for Successful Transition, Prem Jadhwani Senior Solutions Architect, GTSI. 4. Introduction to Cloud Computing, Dialogic Corporation 5. Cloud Computing: A Study of Infrastructure as a Service (Iaas), Sushil Bhardwaj, Leena Jain, Sandeep Jain, International Journal of Engineering and Information Technology 6. http://cloudcomputingtechnologybasics.blog spot.in/2011/08/cloud-computingdeployment-models.html