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RANDOM SAMPLING Notes

The document explains the concepts of population and sample in research, highlighting that a population can include various elements beyond just people. It details different sampling techniques, including random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, and multi-stage sampling, each with its own methodology for selecting samples from a population. The purpose of these techniques is to ensure that samples accurately represent the population for valid conclusions.

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50 views12 pages

RANDOM SAMPLING Notes

The document explains the concepts of population and sample in research, highlighting that a population can include various elements beyond just people. It details different sampling techniques, including random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, and multi-stage sampling, each with its own methodology for selecting samples from a population. The purpose of these techniques is to ensure that samples accurately represent the population for valid conclusions.

Uploaded by

rshylliciab.18
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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POPULATION

refers to the whole group under study or


investigation. In research, the population
does not always refer to people.

It may mean a group containing elements


of anything you want to study, such as
objects, events, organizations, countries,
species, organisms, etc.
SAMPLE
-is a subset taken from a population, either by random
sampling or by non-random sampling.

A sample is a representation of the population where it


is hoped that valid conclusions will be drawn from the
population.
RANDOM SAMPLING
is a selection of n elements derived from the
N population, which is the subject of an investigation or
experiment, where each point of the sample has an equal
chance of being selected using the appropriate sampling
technique.
RANDOM SAMPLING
Random sampling is a sampling technique where each
sample has an equal probability of getting selected.

Non-random sampling is a sampling technique where the


sample selected will be based on factors such as
convenience, judgement and experience of the researcher
and not on probability.
1. SIMPLE/LOTTERY
RANDOM SAMPLING
-is a sampling technique in which each
member of the population has an equal
chance of being selected. An instance
of this is when members of the
population have their names
represented by small pieces of paper
that are then randomly mixed together
and picked out. In the sample, the
members selected will be included.
2. SYSTEMATIC
SAMPLING
is a sampling technique in which
members of the population are listed
and samples are selected at intervals
called sample intervals. In this
technique, every nth item in the list will
be selected from a randomly selected
starting point.
3. STRATIFIED
RANDOM SAMPLING
is obtained by separating the population into non-overlapping groups
called strata and then obtaining a proportional simple random sample
from each group. The individuals within each group should be similar in
some way.
3. STRATIFIED
RANDOM SAMPLING
is a sampling procedure in which members of the population are
grouped on the basis of their homogeneity. This technique is used when
there are a number of distinct subgroups in the population within which
full representation is required. The sample is constructed by classifying
the population into subpopulations or strata on the basis of certain
characteristics of the population, such as age, gender or socio-economic
status.
4. CLUSTER SAMPLING
-is obtained by selecting all individuals within a
randomly selected collection or group of
individuals.
4. CLUSTER SAMPLING
-is sometimes referred to as area sampling and
applied on a geographical basis. Generally, first
sampling is performed at higher levels before
going down to lower levels. For example,
samples are taken randomly from the provinces
first, followed by cities, municipalities or
barangays, and then from households.
5. MULTI-STAGE SAMPLING
-uses a combination of different sampling techniques. For
example, when selecting respondents for a national election survey, we
can use the lottery method first for regions and cities. We can then use
stratified sampling to determine the number of respondents from
selected areas and clusters.

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