Unit 1

1. Digit
What is digit?
A digit is a numerical symbol used to represent numbers. In the decimal numeral
system, which is the most common numeral system used by humans, there are ten
digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. These digits are used to create all other numbers
by combining them in various ways.

For example:
In the number 123, it means 3 digits, 1 is in the hundreds place, 2 is in the tens place,
and 3 is in the ones place, and their combined value represents the number one
hundred twenty-three.

Now, suppose! My house number is 306. This number consists of three digits, i.e. 3,
0, and 6. Your house number is_______ Therefore, it contains ______ digits, i.e.
______.

2. Numbers
What is Numbers?
Numbers are mathematical entities used for counting, measuring, and expressing
quantities. They are fundamental to mathematics and are crucial in various aspects of
our daily lives. Numbers represent discrete quantities (whole numbers or integers) and
continuous quantities (real numbers or fractions).

You might have known the number of states in the USA. Anyway, I am glad to tell
you that there are 50 states there. Fifty states. Now, what about the number of
provinces in Indonesia? How many provinces are there in this country?

I definitely believe, your answer is the same as mine, i.e., 38. Is it right? So, there are
states in the USA and there are provinces in this country. We say that 50 (fifty) and 38
(thirty-eight) are numbers. They are whole numbers. People also call them integers.

Whole Numbers (W): Whole numbers include all the natural numbers along with
zero: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ...

Integers (Z): Integers consist of all positive and negative whole numbers, along with
zero: ..., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...

Cardinal number:
A cardinal number is a type of number used to denote the size or quantity of a set,
group, or collection. In essence, cardinal numbers answer the question "how many?"
 They are used for counting and ordering objects or elements in a way that represents
the magnitude or size of a set.

My mom bought me 2 (two) new clothes.

If we look at the example, we can see that the number used serves to explain the
number of objects in the sentence, two clothes. If you find a sentence like this, then it
uses cardinal numbers.

Ordinal number:
Ordinal numbers are numbers used to indicate the position or order of an element in a
sequence or series. Unlike cardinal numbers, which answer the question "how
many?", ordinal numbers answer the question "which in order?" or "what's the
position?" They provide a way to rank or order items based on their position in a list
or sequence.

My mother birthday is on the ninth of July.

As you can see from the example, the number used is to indicate a position or a level.
Like ninth of July which shows the ninth day of July.

Odd numbers and even numbers are two distinct categories of integers (whole
numbers) based on their divisibility by 2.

1) Odd Numbers:

Odd numbers are integers that cannot be divided evenly by 2.

2) Even Numbers:

Even numbers are integers that can be divided evenly by 2.

3. Figures
What is figure?
A figure is the digital representation of a number.
"figure" is a term used to refer to the numerical symbols used to represent values or
quantities in the number system.
 Numbers is the word as you can see o n e
While figures is a symbol as you can see here.
In addition, can you write down (a) sixty-seven, (b) four-hundred point twenty-three,
(c) twenty-sixth in figures? I guess your answers are (a) 67, (b)
400.23, and (c) 26*. Am I right?

Unit 2

1. Addition
What is addition?
Addition is a fundamental mathematical operation that combines two or more
numbers to produce a single sum or total. It is one of the basic arithmetic operations
and is typically denoted by the plus symbol (+).

- When you add two numbers, say "a" and "b," the result is called the sum, which is
denoted as "a + b." For example, if you add 3 and 5, you get 8, so 3 + 5 = 8.
We indicate the result bye the symbol equals (=)

2. Subtraction
What is Subtraction?
Subtraction is the process of taking one number away from another to determine how
much is left or to find the numerical distance between the two values.

Subtraction is another fundamental mathematical operation, like addition, and it

- When you subtract one number (the "subtrahend") from another number (the
"minuend"), the result is called the "difference." It is represented as "minuend -
subtrahend." For example, if you subtract 5 from 8, you get 3, so 8 - 5 = 3.
- We can read it out as eight minus five equals three or eight minus five is equal to
three, and also you can say eight subtracted by five equal three.
3. Multiplication
What is multiplication?
multiplication is a way of combining numbers to find the total when one number is
added to itself multiple times. It's like adding a number repeatedly. Multiplication is
often denoted by the multiplication symbol (×) When you multiply two numbers, say
"a" and "b," the result is called the product, which is denoted as "a × b"

For example, when you multiply 3 by 4, you're essentially adding 3 four times: 3 + 3
+ 3 + 3, which equals 12. So, multiplication helps you quickly find the result of
repeated addition.

4. Division
What is Division?
Division is a fundamental mathematical operation used to split a quantity into equal
parts or to find out how many times one number can be contained within another. It's
the inverse or opposite operation of multiplication. Division is often denoted by the
division symbol (÷) divided by or by a forward slash (/).

When you divide one number (the "dividend") by another number (the "divisor"), you
find the result, which is called the "quotient." It is represented as "dividend ÷ divisor"
or "dividend / divisor." For example, if you divide 12 by 3, you get 4, so 12 ÷ 3 = 4.