Scribd
Upload
2 views

Lab Report 4

The lab report focuses on measuring the flow rate of an incompressible fluid using a Venturi meter apparatus, which operates on Bernoulli's Theorem. The objectives include understanding the Venturi meter principle, measuring piezometric head variations, and calculating the coefficient of discharge. Results demonstrate the inverse relationship between pressure and velocity, confirming that as flow rate increases, pressure decreases.

Uploaded by

lamazah78
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

Lab Report 4

The lab report focuses on measuring the flow rate of an incompressible fluid using a Venturi meter apparatus, which operates on Bernoulli's Theorem. The objectives include understanding the Venturi meter principle, measuring piezometric head variations, and calculating the coefficient of discharge. Results demonstrate the inverse relationship between pressure and velocity, confirming that as flow rate increases, pressure decreases.

Uploaded by

lamazah78
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University

College of Engineering
Department of Biomedical Engineering
Fluid Dynamics - BIOEN 441

Lab Report 4
(Venturi meter Apparatus)
Course Instructor: Dr. Ayman Alazazmeh
Lab Instructor: Dr. Maha Almona
Section: 02F

Names and ID’s


Danah Al-Hetelah 2200004615
Zahra Alkhadrawi 2200005350
Fatima Almuhammadi 2200003601
Maryam Al Obaidan 2200003640
Nadjoua Tatar 2200009119
Hend Alhendi 2190000951

Submission Date: 01/11/2022


1. Introduction/problem
A venturi meter is a measuring or also considered as a meter device that we can
use to measure the flow of a fluid in the pipe. Also, it can be used to increase the
velocity of any type fluid in a pipe at any particular point. The point where the
characteristics become low pressure and high velocity is the place where the
venturi flow meter is used. It works on the principle of Bernoulli's Theorem. It has
a constriction within itself. The pressure difference between the upstream and the
downstream flow can be found as a function of the flow rate.
Problem:

Measure an incompressible fluid's flow rate using Venturi meter Apparatus

2. Objectives
-Improve the comprehension of the venturi meter principle.
-Check out the piezometric head variations along the venturi meter.
-Calculate a venturi meter's coefficient of discharge.
-Check the venturi meter's accuracy.

3. Hypothesis
When increasing the velocity in the venturi meter the pressure decreased.
4. Materials
1. Stopwatch
2. Venturi meter apparatus;
• Hydraulic Bench.
• Venturi meter pipe.
• Piezometric tubes.
• Pump switch on and off button.
• Water supply inlet valve.
• Measuring tape to measure volume.
• Measuring ruler to measure the tube height.
• Discharge valve.

5. Methodology
The experiment started by switching on the hydraulic pump and gradually opening
the water supply and discharge valve simultaneously until the maximum flow rate is
reached. When the flow rate is at its maximum, the readings from the piezometric
tubes are recorded and the flow rate is measured. Then the hydraulic bench tap is
closed and the time taken to fill 5 Liters is recorded via the stopwatch. Following
that, the valves were slowly closing; to decrease the flow rate and to take the readings
of the throat (A and D). Moreover, different measurements were obtained by
decreasing the flow rate and the flow rate was calculated each time. Finally, all the
data and recordings were presented at a table and the flow rate was calculated by
dividing the volume of the time taken.
6. Results
Table 1: Venturi meter Coefficient of discharge calculation
Test No. 1 2 3 4 5
h1 (m) 0.35 0.318 0.28 0.262 0.256
h2 (m) 0.23 0.24 0.242 0.246 0.25
(h1-h2)^0.5 (m) 0.346 0.279 0.195 0.126 0.077
a1 (m²) 5.309× 5.309 5.309 5.309 5.309
10−4 × 10−4 × 10−4 × 10−4 × 10−4
a2 (m²)4 2.011× 2.011× 2.011 2.011 2.011×
10−4 10−4 × 10−4 × 10−4 10−4
(a2/a1)² (m²) 0.143 0.143 0.143 0.143 0.143
QTheoretical (lit/s) 0.333 0.269 0.187 0.122 0.745
Volume (Lit) 5 5 5 5 5
Time (s) 19.9 25.4 42.05 73 344
QActual (Lit/s) 0.251 0.197 0.119 0.068 0.015
Cd 0.754 0.732 0.636 0.557 0.188
Cd.avg 0.573

Table 2: Velocity calculation


Test No. 1 2 3 4 5
h1 (m) 0.35 0.318 0.28 0.262 0.256
h2 (m) 0.23 0.24 0.242 0.246 0.25
∆h = (h1-h2) (m) 0.12 0.078 0.038 0.016 0.006
(aA/aD)² (m²) 6.97 6.97 6.97 6.97 6.97
Velocity (m/s) 0.628 0.506 0.353 0.229 0.14
Average Velocity 1.248 0.979 0.5912 0.338 0.074
(m/s)
Fig.1: Height vs QTheoretical Graph

Fig.2: Time vs QActual Graph


Fig.3: Height vs Velocity Graph

7. Discussion
We know that the water considered as an incompressible fluid, and the flow
rate is measured via Venturi meter Apparatus. Which consists of three components;
venturi meter and orifice meter which are used to observe the change in pressure,
and the rotameter, the device that is used to measure the flow rate.
Also, we use the Bernoulli equation to find the relationship between the
pressure and the velocity, where it represents an inverse relationship; So that the
velocity increases when the pressure decreases.
Bernoulli equation:
[P1 + pgy1 + 0.5 p(v1) 2 = P2 + pgy2 + 0.5 p(v2) 2]
* water density is taken to be 1000 kg/m3m3

As the venturi meter category to (A-L) With different diameters we find that
each letter has different velocity flow rate according to the pressure in this part, also
we find that D has the lowest pressure and the highest velocity as we mentioned
before that it is inverse relationship, and vice versa for the letters A & L, as we
calculate the Coefficient of Discharge and we found that it is less than 0.96. by this
equation, so we do not need calibration:
𝐶𝑑 = [𝑄(𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) / 𝑄(𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙)]
𝑄(𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙)=

𝑄(𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙)=

Also, we could find the relationship between the discharge and the (𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟐)
𝟎.5 and found that there is a linear relationship according to the results showing
above in the schedule and this formula:

𝑄(𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙) =

8. Conclusion
We conclude that when the flow rate increases, the pressure decreases and the
velocity increases. The initial water column A is at its maximum height, while the
water column at the neck D is at its lowest elevation, close to zero. When
decreasing the flow rate gradually, the columns begin to be even. This proves the
inverse relationship between pressure and fluid velocity.

9. References
1. Venturimeter Experiment 1. OBJECTİVE - Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt ... (n.d.). Retrieved October 29,
2022, from
https://aybu.edu.tr/bolumroot/contents/muhendislik_makina/files/VENTURIMETER%20EXPERI
MENT(1).pdf

You might also like