(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)
Chikkamagaluru, Karnataka, India-577102.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS
&COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
TECHNICAL SEMINARON
Design and Implementation of Quantum Repeaters
SUBMITTEDBY
SHARATH K Y (4AI21EC075)
Signature of the Guide Signature of the coordinator
Mrs.DIVYA G S BE.,M Tech., Dr.USHA KPBE.,M.Tech.,Ph.D.,MIE
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor
Department of ECE Department of ECE
ABSTRACT
Design and Implementation of Quantum Repeaters:
Quantum communication is a groundbreaking technology that is driving the future of information
transmission and communication technologies to a new paradigm. It relies on quantum entanglement to
facilitate the transmission of quantum states between parties. Quantum repeaters are crucial for facilitating
long-distance quantum communication. These quantum devices act as intermediaries between adjacent
communication channel segments within a fragmented quantum network, allowing for entanglement
swapping between the channel segments. This entanglement swapping process establishes entanglement
links between the endpoints of adjacent segments, gradually creating a continuous entanglement connection
over the entire length of the transmission channel. The established quantum link can be utilized for secure
and efficient quantum communication between distant sender and receiver nodes. This study focuses on
quantum entanglement purification, a protocol aimed at maintaining high fidelity entangled states above the
operational threshold of the communication channel. This study investigates the optimal stage for executing
the purification protocol and applies optimization schemes to evaluate various purification protocols. We use
IBM Qiskit for circuit implementation and simulation. The results offer valuable insights into future
approaches to implementing practical quantum repeaters and shed light on existing and anticipated
challenges.
ABSTRACT
Quantum Internet: The Future of Internetworking:
Quantum information, computation and communication, will have a great impact on our world. One
important subfield will be quantum networking and the quantum Internet. The purpose of a quantum
Internet is to enable applications that are fundamentally out of reach for the classical Internet. Quantum
networks enable new capabilities to communication systems. This allows the parties to generate long
distance quantum entanglement, which serves a number of tasks including the generation of multiparty
shared secrets whose security relies only on the laws of physics, distributed quantum computing,
improved sensing, quantum computing on encrypted data, and secure private-bid auctions. However,
quantum signals are fragile, and, in general, cannot be copied or amplified. In order to enable widespread
use and application development, it is essential to develop methods that allow quantum protocols to
connect to the underlying hardware implementation transparently and to make fast and reactive decisions
for generating entanglement in the network to mitigate limited qubit lifetimes. Architectures for large-
scale quantum internetworking are in development, paralleling theoretical and experimental work on
physical layers and low-level error management and connection technologies. This chapter aims to
present the main concepts, challenges, and opportunities for research in quantum information, quantum
computing and quantum networking.
ABSTRACT
QUANTUM NETWORKS AND THEIR SIMULATIONS:
Quantum networks leverage quantum mechanics to enable groundbreaking applications in secure
communication, distributed computation, and precision sensing. They face challenges such as scalability,
error correction, and integration of quantum and classical systems. Quantum key distribution (QKD)
provides theoretically perfect security, exemplified by protocols like BB84 and entanglement-based
methods, which have demonstrated long-distance communication over 1,200 km. Distributed quantum
computation and quantum sensing further showcase the power of entanglement and superposition to
solve complex problems and enhance measurement precision. The envisioned quantum internet requires
repeaters, routers, and synchronization for high-performance, long-distance communication.
Simulations, such as those enabled by the SeQUeNCe tool, are critical for testing network protocols,
optimizing topologies, and integrating hardware. Advances in experimental technologies, including
quantum memories, high-precision detectors, and entanglement transduction, have enabled significant
progress in building real-world quantum networks. Satellite QKD and urban quantum links demonstrate
practical deployment, while research at Argonne National Laboratory and its collaborators has pushed
boundaries in quantum teleportation and entanglement distribution.
The quantum internet holds the promise of transformative societal impacts, from secure global
communication to novel scientific discoveries. However, challenges such as synchronization, error rates,
and scalability remain. Open-source projects and experimental validations continue to drive innovation,
positioning quantum networks to redefine communication and computation in the quantum era.
