TRACKING POLICE MAN USING RF PROXIMITY CARD

Abstract
Security is the important cause in the modern world. Now a day so many schemes have
announced by the banks which very attractive and the people are saving money in banks. At this
point protecting the banks is the main duty of police. Hence police are appointed securities to the
banks and make them to patrol during nights. . They have to go to every banks and streets and
sign the books kept in their places .But some police people forgot their duty and will sleep in a
vacant place and in the morning they get up and in a hurry go to these banks and put a fake time
and date and the signature .To avoid this and to provide more security our proposed system is
giving solution for tracking police man using RF proximity card. A RF proximity card reader with a
microcontroller will be designed and will be placed in every bank. During the patrol time, when a
police man swipe the card it will read the card number and will store it with date and time. The
data can be retrieved by connecting the machine to PC and giving appropriate commands.

Tracking police man using RF proximity card embedded system project explains about
new method for bank officials for checking their security of the bank by implementing accurate
method to control police officials. In present scenario banks are playing important role in providing
security for people for saving their money, gold..Etc. So banks are taking serious steps to
maintain security like hiring police officials at night time for patrolling banks, but there are chances
in irregularity of police officials so this method will provide card system for every police official
who should scratch his card. Data and time is stored inside system which can connect to
computer and analyze details of his attendance.

Components
 Power Supply : 5V/12V DC
 Micro controller : ATMEL AT89S52
 LCD : 16x2 characters
 RS232 Converter : MAX3232
 Buzzer : Frequency-1 to 18 kHz (5v-12Vdc)
 Reader : RF proximity card reader
 Card : RF proximity card
 Memory (EEPROM) : AT24C04 (4Kb)
 Real time clock (RTC) : DS1307

Software used
 Embedded C
  Pro-load

Functionality
RTC is providing the clock with date and time, and this date and time is displaying in LCD. When
the police man swipe the card, RF reader will read the card and decode the card value. Decoded
card value is send to microcontroller. Microcontroller is receiving the card value and the card
value is stored in external EEPROM memory with the swiped date and time. Details of the card
swiping are retrieved by connecting the machine to a PC. After connecting to PC through serial
port, valid password is required to retrieve the data. Upon successful entry of the password data
will transfer from machine to PC.

Block Diagram

RTC
Memory
RTC Battery
OSC Backup


Proximity
Proximity C
Card
Card Reader O
LCD (Display)
N
T LCD LCD
RS232 R Driver Glass
Converter O
L
L
Power Supply
E
Trans Regulator R Buzzer
former (7805)
Buzzer Buzzer
Rectifier Filter Driver OSC

Components Description

Power supply
Power supply unit contains adaptor, regulator, and filter. This will convert AC voltage into
desired DC voltage. Adaptor is used for step down the voltage, regulator is used for removing AC
components and filter is used to provide pure DC.
 AC Adapter Regulator Filter
AC Supply [7805] DC output

Vital role of power supply in the system

The microcontroller and other devices get power supply from AC to Dc adapter through
7805 a 5 volts regulator. The adapter output voltage will be 12V DC non-regulated. The 7805
voltage regulators are used to convert 12 V to 5V DC.

Microcontroller AT89S52
The AT89S52 is a widely available in market, cost effective, low-power, high-performance
CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The device
is manufactured using ATMEL’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible
with the industry standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out.
Features
 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory
 Endurance: 1000 Write/Erase Cycles
 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
 32 Programmable I/O Lines
 Full Duplex UART Serial Channel
 Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
Vital role of Microcontroller-AT89S52 in this project
When ever the police man swipe the card in card reader, the uc will receive the card
number and will read the current time from RTC and store the time and card number in EEPROM
memory. During the same time the microcontroller will send the permission status to LCD and will
activate the buzzer. During data downloading time microcontroller will receive the command
through serial port and validate the command and will transfer the data to PC

Proximity card reader

Pyramid Series readers can be connected to virtually any project that conforms to
Wiegand format standards. All connections between the reader and control panel are made
through the reader's cable. Pyramid Series Proximity readers can communicate via Wiegand data
format. Wiegand is a commonly used interface between readers and control panels used in
access control, security, time and attendance, and other related industries. Pyramid Series
readers follow the Wiegand standard specified by the Security Industry Association's (SIA)
Access Control Standard Protocol for the 26-Bit Wiegand Reader Interface document.
Manufacturers have adopted the Wiegand standard to establish a common Wiegand interface.
This provides a level of compatibility and interoperability for readers and control panels that can
be used by consultants, specifiers, and end users when setting product design or system
installation criteria. To this end the Pyramid Series offers several approaches for implementing
the Wiegand format.
Vital role of Proximity card reader in this project
This is used to read the encoded card number from RF card and send the encoded card
number to microcontroller for decoded purpose.
RS 232 CONVERTER (MAX 232N)
This is the device, which is used to convert signals from TTL/RS232 vice versa.

RS-232Protocol
RS-232 was created for one purpose, to interface between Data Terminal Equipment
(DTE) and Data Communications Equipment (DCE) employing serial binary data interchange. So
as stated the DTE is the terminal or computer and the DCE is the modem or other
communications device.

RS-232 pin-outs for IBM compatible computers are shown below. There are two
configurations that are typically used: one for a 9-pin connector and the other for a 25-pin
connector.

Voltage range
The standard voltage range on RS-232 pins is _15V to +15V. This voltage range applies to all
RS-232 signal pins. The total voltage swing during signal transmission can be as large as 30V. In
many cases, RS-232 ports will operate with voltages as low as _5V to +5V. This wide range
of voltages allows for better compatibility between different types of equipment and allows greater
noise margin to avoid interference. Because the voltage swing on RS-232 lines is so large, the
RS-232 signal lines generate a significant amount of electrical noise. It is important that this
signal does not run close to high impedance microphone lines or audio lines in a system. In cases
where you must run these types of signals nearby one another, it is important to make sure that
all audio wires are properly shielded. The main role of the RS232 chip is to convert the data
coming for the 12-volt logic to 5 volt logic and from 5 volt logic to 12 volt logic
Vital role of RS232 Converter (Max 232n) in this project
This device is used to download the stored details (police man database) from microcontroller to
computer.

LCD (LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY)

LCDs can add a lot to your application in terms of providing a useful interface for the
user, debugging an application or just giving it a "professional" look. The most common type of
LCD controller is the Hitachi 44780 which provides a relatively simple interface between a
processor and an LCD. Using this interface is often not attempted by inexperienced designers
and programmers because it is difficult to find good documentation on the interface, initializing the
interface can be a problem and the displays themselves are expensive.
This LCD is Two-line (16x2 characters) display.
Vital role of LCD in this project
This device is used to display the permission status.

External EEPROM memory (4Kbytes)

These memory devices are used to store the data for off line process. This provides 4096
bits of serial electrically erasable and programmable read only memory (EEPROM) organized as
512 words of 8 bits each. The device is optimized for use in many industrial and commercial
applications where low power and low voltage operation are essential. The AT24C04A is
available in space saving 8-pin PDIP.
Features
 Internally Organized 512 x 8 (4K) 2-Wire Serial Interface (I2C protocol)
 High Reliability
 Endurance: 1 Million Write Cycles
 Data Retention: 100 Years
 ESD Protection: >3000V
Vital role of External EEPROM memory in this project
This device is used to store policeman attendance details for offline processing.

Real Time Clock (RTC – DS1307)

This is used to maintain the current time in off line processing. The DS1307 Serial Real-
Time Clock is a low-power; full binary-coded decimal (BCD) clock/calendar plus 56 bytes of NV
SRAM. Address and data are transferred serially via a 2-wire, bi-directional bus. The
clock/calendar provides seconds, minutes, hours, day, date, month, and year information. The
end of the month date is automatically adjusted for months with fewer than 31 days, including
corrections for leap year. The clock operates in either the 24-hour or 12-hour format with AM/PM
indicator. The DS1307 has a built-in power sense circuit that detects power failures and
automatically switches to the battery supply.
Features
 It uses I2C protocol
 Real-time clock (RTC) counts seconds, minutes, hours, date of the month,
month, and day of the week, and year with leap-year compensation valid up to
2100.
 Two-wire serial interface Consumes less than 500nA in battery backup mode
with oscillator running
Vital role of Real-time clock in this project
This is used to maintain the current time for off and on line processing.

Computer
This is used to monitor the system status and controls the system devices. Here the front
end application is developed by using VB software. The computer is communicating with
microcontroller through serial port.
Vital role of computer in this project
 The visual basic front end application is stored in computer. By using this application we
can download the police man database details every 1 weak or 1month.

Buzzer
The buzzer subsystem produces a 2 KHz audible tone when powered. The buzzer will
sound when the signal coming into the driver is high. It must be connected to a transistor,
Darlington or transducer driver subsystem.
The buzzer is connected between the supply rail (+V) and the input signal. This acts as
load on the driver. When the input signal coming into the buzzer subsystem is low, a potential
difference across the buzzer causes current to flow. It is this flow of current that causes the
buzzer to sound.

Vital role of Buzzer in this project

When ever the police man swipe the card, the buzzer will give beep sound. So the police
man can easily identify the process status. So no need of swipe the card once again for
confirmation.
Future Enhancement
By using GSM modem the policeman details can send to the server system immediately
after the person swipe the card.