Assessment for topics 1&2: Find the derivative of the following functions by use of Definition 2.1.

1. y = 4x 2 – 5x
Since y = 4x 2 – 5x, then y + ∆y = 4(x + ∆x)2 − 5(x + ∆x) and ∆y = [4(x + ∆x)2 − 5(x + ∆x)] − [4x 2 – 5x].
By definition 2.1, we have
dy ∆y
= lim
dx ∆x→0 ∆x
[4(x + ∆x)2 − 5(x + ∆x)] − [4x 2 – 5x]
= lim
∆x→0 ∆x
[4(x 2 + 2x∆x + ∆x 2 ) − 5x − 5∆x] − [4x 2 – 5x]
= lim
∆x→0 ∆x
[4x 2 + 8x∆x + 4∆x 2 − 5x − 5∆x] − [4x 2 – 5x]
= lim
∆x→0 ∆x
4x 2 + 8x∆x + 4∆x 2 − 5x − 5∆x − 4x 2 + 5x
= lim
∆x→0 ∆x
8x∆x + 4∆x 2 − 5∆x
= lim
∆x→0 ∆x
∆x(8x + 4∆x − 5)
= lim
∆x→0 ∆x
= lim (8x + 4∆x − 5)
∆x→0
= lim (8x) + lim (4∆x) + lim (−5)
∆x→0 ∆x→0 ∆x→0
= 8x + 4 [ lim (∆x)] − 5
∆x→0
= 8x + 4(0) − 5
= 8x + 0 − 5
= 8x − 5

2. y = x 3 + 2x
Since y = x 3 + 2x, then y + ∆y = (x + ∆x)3 + 2(x + ∆x) and ∆y = [(x + ∆x)3 + 2(x + ∆x)] − [x 3 + 2x]. By
definition 2.1, we have
dy ∆y
= lim
dx ∆x→0 ∆x
[(x + ∆x)3 + 2(x + ∆x)] − [x 3 + 2x]
= lim
∆x→0 ∆x
[(x 3 + 3x 2 ∆x + 3x∆x 2 + ∆x 3 ) + 2x + 2∆x] − [x 3 + 2x]
= lim
∆x→0 ∆x
[x 3 + 3x 2 ∆x + 3x∆x 2 + ∆x 3 + 2x + 2∆x] − [x 3 + 2x]
= lim
∆x→0 ∆x
x 3 + 3x 2 ∆x + 3x∆x 2 + ∆x 3 + 2x + 2∆x − x 3 − 2x
= lim
∆x→0 ∆x
3x 2 ∆x + 3x∆x 2 + ∆x 3 + 2∆x
= lim
∆x→0 ∆x
∆x(3x 2 + 3x∆x + ∆x 2 + 2)
= lim
∆x→0 ∆x
= lim (3x 2 + 3x∆x + ∆x 2 + 2)
∆x→0
= lim (3x 2 ) + lim (3x∆x) + lim (∆x 2 ) + lim (2)
∆x→0 ∆x→0 ∆x→0 ∆x→0
2
= 3x 2 + 3x [ lim (∆x)] + [ lim (∆x)] + 2
∆x→0 ∆x→0
= 3x 2 + 3x(0) + 02 + 2
= 3x 2 + 0 + 0 + 2
= 3x 2 + 2
3. y = 4√x
Since y = 4√x, then y + ∆y = 4√x + ∆x and ∆y = 4√x + ∆x − 4√x. By definition 2.1, we have
dy ∆y
= lim
dx ∆x→0 ∆x
4√x + ∆x − 4√x 4
= lim =
∆x→0 ∆x lim (√x + ∆x) + lim (√x)
∆x→0 ∆x→0
4(√x + ∆x − √x) 4
= lim =
∆x→0 ∆x
4(√x + ∆x − √x) √x + ∆x + √x lim (x + ∆x) + √ lim (x)
√∆x→0 ∆x→0
= lim ∗
∆x→0 ∆x √x + ∆x + √x 4
4(x + ∆x − x) =
= lim lim (x) + lim (∆x) + √x
√∆x→0
∆x→0 (∆x)(√x + ∆x + √x) ∆x→0

4∆x 4
= lim =
∆x→0 (∆x)(√x + ∆x + √x) √x + 0 + √x
4 4
= lim =
∆x→0 √x + ∆x + √x √x + √x
lim 4 4
∆x→0 =
= 2√x
lim (√x + ∆x + √x) 2
∆x→0
=
√x

6
4. y =
x
6 6 6 6
Since y = , then y + ∆y = and ∆y = − . By definition 2.1, we have
x x+∆x x+∆x x
dy ∆y
= lim
dx ∆x→0 ∆x
6 6 −6
− = lim 2
= lim x + ∆x x ∆x→0 x + x∆x
∆x→0 ∆x lim (−6)
6x − 6(x + ∆x) = ∆x→02
x(x + ∆x) lim (x + x∆x)
= lim ∆x→0
∆x→0 ∆x −6
6x − 6(x + ∆x) = 2
= lim lim (x ) + lim (x∆x)
∆x→0 (∆x)(x)(x + ∆x) ∆x→0 ∆x→0
−6
6[x − (x + ∆x)] =
= lim x 2 + x [ lim (∆x)]
∆x→0 (∆x)(x)(x + ∆x) ∆x→0
6[x − x − ∆x] −6
= lim = 2
∆x→0 (∆x)(x)(x + ∆x) x + x(0)
−6∆x −6
= lim = 2
∆x→0 (∆x)(x)(x + ∆x) x +0
−6 −6
= lim = 2
∆x→0 (x)(x + ∆x) x
 ds
5. Given s = √t − 2, find
dt
Since s = √t − 2, then s + ∆s = √t + ∆t − 2 and ∆s = [√t + ∆t − 2 ] − [√t − 2]. By definition 2.1, we have
ds ∆s
= lim
dt ∆t→0 ∆t
[√t + ∆t − 2 ] − [√t − 2]
= lim
∆t→0 ∆t
√t + ∆t − 2 − √t + 2
= lim
∆t→0 ∆t
√t + ∆t − √t √t + ∆t + √t
= lim ∗
∆t→0 ∆t √t + ∆t + √t
t + ∆t − t
= lim
∆t→0 (∆t)(√t + ∆t + √t)
∆t
= lim
∆t→0 (∆t)(√t + ∆t + √t)
1
= lim
∆t→0 √t + ∆t + √t
lim (1)
∆t→0
=
lim (√t + ∆t + √t)
∆t→0
1
=
lim (√t + ∆t) + lim (√t)
∆t→0 ∆t→0
1
=
lim (t + ∆t) + √ lim (t)
√∆t→0 ∆t→0
1
=
lim (t) + lim (∆t) + √t
√∆t→0 ∆t→0
1
=
√t + 0 + √t
1
=
√t + √t
1
=
2√t

Assessment for topics 3&4:

dy
Find of each of the following:
dx

1. y = √5 − 6x
dy d
= (√5 − 6x)
dx dx
d −6(1)
(5 − 6x) =
= dx
2√5 − 6x
2√5 − 6x −6
d d =
(5) + (−6x) 2√5 − 6x
= dx dx
−3
2√5 − 6x =
d √5 − 6x
0 − 6 [ (x)]
= dx
2√5 − 6x
2. y = (2x + 5)√4x − 1
dy d
= [(2x + 5)√4x − 1]
dx dx
d d
= (2x + 5) ( √4x − 1) + (√4x − 1) [ (2x + 5)]
dx dx
d
(4x − 1) d d
= (2x + 5) [dx ] + (√4x − 1) [ (2x) + 5]
2√4x − 1 dx dx
d d
(4x) + (−1) d
= (2x + 5) [ dx dx ] + (√4x − 1) [2 ( x) + 0]
2√4x − 1 dx
d
4( x) + 0
= (2x + 5) [ dx ] + (√4x − 1)[2(1)]
2√4x − 1
4(1) (8x + 20) + (16x − 4)
= (2x + 5) [ ] + (√4x − 1)(2) =
2√4x − 1 2√4x − 1
4 8x + 20 + 16x − 4
= (2x + 5) ( ) + (2√4x − 1) =
2√4x − 1 2√4x − 1
2 24x + 16
= (2x + 5) ( ) + (2√4x − 1) =
√4x − 1 2√4x − 1
2(2x + 5) 2(12x + 8)
= + 2√4x − 1 =
√4x − 1 2√4x − 1
[(2)(2)(2x + 5)] + [(4)(4x − 1)] 12x + 8
= =
2√4x − 1 √4x − 1

2
3. y = (4x+1)3
dy d 2
= [ ]
dx dx (4x + 1)3
d 1
= [(2) [ ]]
dx (4x + 1)3
d 1 1 d
= (2) [ ( 3
)] + [ 3
] ( 2)
dx (4x + 1) (4x + 1) dx
−3 d 1
= (2) [( 4 ) ( (4x + 1))] + [ ] (0)
(4x + 1) dx (4x + 1)3
−3 d d
= (2) [( 4 ) ( (4x) + 1)] + 0
(4x + 1) dx dx
−3 d
= (2) [( ) (4 ( x) + 0)]
(4x + 1)4 dx
−3
= (2) [( ) (4(1))]
(4x + 1)4
−3
= (2) [( ) (4)]
(4x + 1)4
−12
= (2) ( )
(4x + 1)4
−24
=
(4x + 1)4
 dy
Evaluate at the specified value of x:
dx

4. y = √6 − √x, x = 4
dy d
= √6 − √x
dx dx
d −1
(6 − √x) =
= dx
(2)(2)(√x) (√6 − √x)
2√6 − √x
d d −1
(6) + (−√x) =
= dx dx 4√x√6 − √x
2√6 − √x let x = 4, thus,
d −1
0 − √x f ′ (4) =
= dx
4√x√6 − √x
2 √ 6 − √x −1
d =
x 4√4√6 − √4
− dx
2√x −1
= =
2 √ 6 − √x (4)(2)(√6 − 2)
−1 −1
=
2√x (8)(√4)
=
2√6 − √x −1
−1 =
(8)(2)
=
(2√x) (2√6 − √x) −1
=
16

5. y = x 3 + 4x −1 , x = 4
dy d
= (x 3 + 4x −1 )
dx dx
d 4
= (x 3 + )
dx x
d 3 d 4
= (x ) + ( )
dx dx x
d 3 d 1
= (x ) + 4 [ ( )]
dx dx x
−1 d
= 3x 2 + 4 [( 2 ) ( x)]
x dx
4
= 3x 2 − 2
x
3x 4 − 4
=
x2
let x = 4, thus,
3x 4 − 4
f ′ (4) =
x2
4
3(4 ) − 4
=
42
3(256) − 4
=
16
768 − 4
=
16
764
=
16
191
=
4
Assessment for topics 5&6:
dy
Use the chain rule to find and express the final answer in terms of x.
dx

1. y = u2 + u, u = 2x + 1
dy du
Since y = u2 + u, then = 2u + 1. Likewise, since u = 2x + 1, then 2. then by D10,
du dx
dy dy du
= ∗
dx du dx
= (2u + 1)(2)
= [(2)(2x + 1) + 1](2)
= [(4x + 2) + 1](2)
= (4x + 2 + 1)(2)
= (4x + 3)(2)
= 8x + 6

2. y = √u2 − 1, u = 4√x
dy u du 2
Since y = √u2 − 1, then = . Likewise, since u = 4√x, then . then by D10,
du √u2 −1 dx √x
dy dy du
= ∗
dx du dx
u 2
=( )( )
2
√u − 1 √x

4 √x 2
= ( )
2 √x
√
( (4√x) − 1)
8
=
√16x − 1

3. y = √u, u = √x
dy 1 du 1
Since y = √u, then = . Likewise, since u = √x, then . then by D10,
du 2√u dx 2√x
dy dy du
= ∗
dx du dx
1 1
=( )( )
2√u 2√x
1 1
=( )( )
2√√x 2√x
1 1 1
= ( ) (4 ) ( )
4 √x √x
1 1
= 4 or 3
4 √x 3
4x 4

dy
Use the inverse function rule to find
dx

1. x = y + y 2 + y 3
dx
Since x = y + y 2 + y 3 , then = 1 + 2y + 3y 2 and by D11,
dy
dy 1 1
= =
dx dx 1 + 2y + 3y 2
dy
 2. x = 2(4y + 1)3
dx
Since x = 2(4y + 1)3 , then = 24(4y + 1)2 and by D11,
dy
dy 1 1
= =
dx dx 24(4y + 1)2
dy

Assessment for topics 7: Find the second and third derivative of each of the following.
1
1. y =
x
dy d 1 −1 d −1
= y′ = = 2 ∗ x= 2
dx dx x x dx x
d2 y d −1 −1(−2) d 2
2 = y ′′ = 2 = 3 ∗ x= 3
dx dx x x dx x
d3 y d 2 (2)(−3) d −6
3 = y ′′′ = 3 = 4 ∗ x= 4
dx dx x x dx x

2. y = √4 − x 2
d d d
dy d (4 − x 2 ) (4) + (−x 2 ) 0 − 2x −2x −x
′
= y = √4 − x = 2 dx = dx dx = = =
dx dx 2√4 − x 2 2√4 − x 2 2√4 − x 2 2√4 − x 2 √4 − x 2
d2 y d −x
= y ′′ =
dx 2 dx √4 − x 2
d d
[√4 − x 2 ( − x)] − [(−x) ( √4 − x 2 )]
= dx dx
2
(√4 − x 2 )
d
(4 − x 2 )
[√4 − x 2 (−1)] − [(−x) ( dx )]
2√4 − x 2
=
4 − x2
d d
(4) + (−x 2 )
(−√4 − x 2 ) − [(−x) ( dx dx )]
2√4 − x 2
=
4 − x2
0 − 2x
(−√4 − x 2 ) − [(−x) ( )]
2√4 − x 2
=
4 − x2
−2x
(−√4 − x 2 ) − [(−x) ( )]
= 2√4 − x 2
4 − x2
−x
(−√4 − x 2 ) − [(−x) ( )]
√4 − x 2
=
4 − x2
x2
(−√4 − x 2 ) − ( )
√4 − x 2
=
4 − x2
x2
−√4 − x 2 −
= √4 − x 2
4 − x2
 [−(4 − x 2 )] − x 2
= √4 − x 2
4 − x2
−4 + x 2 − x 2
=
(4 − x 2 )√4 − x 2
−4 −4 −4
= or 3 or
2
(4 − x )√4 − x 2 √(4 − x 2 )3
(4 − x 2 )2
d3 y ′′′
d −4
= y = 3
dx 3 dx
(4 − x 2 )2
3 d d 3
[(4 − x 2 )2 ( (−4))] − [(−4) ( (4 − x 2 )2 )]
dx dx
= 2
3
[(4 − x 2 )2 ]
3 3 1 d
[(4 − x 2 )2 (0)] − [(−4) ( (4 − x 2 )2 ∗ (4 − x 2 ))]
2 dx
=
(4 − x 2 )3
3
0 − [(−4) ( (−2x)√4 − x 2 )]
= 2
(4 − x 2 )3
−[(−4)(−3x√4 − x 2 )]
=
(4 − x 2 )3
−(12x√4 − x 2 )
=
(4 − x 2 )3
1
= (−12x)(4 − x 2 )−3 (4 − x 2 )2
5
= (−12x)(4 − x 2 )−2
−12x −12x −12x
= 5 or 2 or 2
(4 − x 2 )2 √(4 − x 2 )5 (4 − x 2 )2 √4 − x 2

4x
3. y =
x+1
dy d 4x
= y′ =
dx dx x + 1
d d
[(x + 1) ( (4x))] − [(4x) ( (x + 1))]
dx dx
=
(x + 1)2
[(x + 1)(4)] − [(4x)(1)]
=
(x + 1)2
(4x + 4) − (4x)
=
(x + 1)2
4x + 4 − 4x
=
(x + 1)2
4
=
(x + 1)2
2
d y d 4
2 = y ′′ =
dx dx (x + 1)2
d d
[(x + 1)2 ( 4)] − [(4) ( (x + 1)2 )]
= dx dx
[(x + 1)2 ]2
 d
[(x + 1)2 (0)] − [(4) (2(x + 1) (x + 1))]
dx
=
(x + 1)4
0 − [(4)(2(x + 1)(1))]
=
(x + 1)4
−(4)(2)(x + 1)
=
(x + 1)4
−8
=
(x + 1)3
3
d y d −8
3 = y ′′′ =
dx dx (x + 1)3
d d
[(x + 1)3 ( − 8)] − [(−8) ( (x + 1)3 )]
= dx dx
[(x + 1)3 ]2
d
[(x + 1)3 (0)] − [(−8) (3(x + 1)2 (x + 1))]
dx
=
(x + 1)6
0 − [(−8)(3(x + 1)2 (1))]
=
(x + 1)6
(8)(3)(x + 1)2
=
(x + 1)6
24
=
(x + 1)4

3
4. If y = √x, find f′(8) and f′′(8)
d 1 1 2 d 1 1 1 1 1
f ′ (8) = x 3 = x −3 x = 3 = 3 = 3 = =
dx 3 dx 3 √x 2 3 √82 3 √64 3(4) 12
2
d x −3 1 d −2 1 2 5 d −2 −2 −2 −2 −2 −1
f ′′ (8) = = x 3 = ( ) (− ) (x −3 ) ( x) = 3 = 3 = 3 = = =
dx 3 3 dx 3 3 dx 9 √x 5 9 √85 9√32768 9(32) 288 144

5. Find the point on the curve y = x 3 + 3x for which y ′ = y′′

y ′ = y ′′
d 3 d2
(x + 3x) = 2 (x 3 + 3x)
dx dx
d 3 d d2 d2
(x ) + (3x) = 2 (x 3 ) + 2 (3x)
dx dx dx dx
d d
3x 2 + 3 = (3x 2 ) + (3)
dx dx
3x 2 + 3 = 6x + 0
3x 2 + 3 = 6x
3x 2 − 6x + 3 = 0
3(x 2 − 2x + 1) = 0
3(x − 1)(x − 1) = 0
To find the value of x, equate x − 1 to 0. Thus,
x−1 =0
x=1
To find the value of y, substitute the value of x to the original equation (y = x 3 + 3x) wherein x = 1. Thus,
y = f(1) = x 3 + 3x = 13 + 3(1) = 1 + 3 = 4
Therefore, the point on the curve y = x 3 + 3x for which y ′ = y ′′ is (1,4).
Assessment for topics 8:
dy
Find by implicit differentiation.
dx

1. x 3 + y 3 – 6xy = 0
d 3 d
(x + y 3 – 6xy) = 0
dx dx
dy dy d
3x 2 + 3y 2 − 6 (x + y x) = 0
dx dx dx
dy dy
3x 2 + 3y 2 − 6 (x + y) = 0
dx dx
dy dy
3x 2 + 3y 2 − 6x − 6y = 0
dx dx
2
dy dy
3y − 6x = −3x 2 + 6y
dx dx
dy
(3y 2 − 6x) = −3x 2 + 6y
dx
dy −3x 2 + 6y
=
dx 3y 2 − 6x
dy 3(−x 2 + 2y)
=
dx 3(y 2 − 2x)
dy −x 2 + 2y
= 2
dx y − 2x

2. √x + y + xy = 21
d d
(√x + y + xy) = (21)
dx dx
d d
(√x + y) + (xy) = 0
dx dx
d
(x + y) d d
[dx ] + [(x y) + (y x)] = 0
2 √x + y dx dx
d d
(x) + (y) dy
[dx dx ] + [x + y] = 0
2 √x + y dx
dy
1+
( dx ) + x dy + y = 0
2√x + y dx
dy dy
(1 + ) + (2√x + y) (x )
dx dx
= −y
2 √x + y
dy dy
(1 + ) + (2x √x + y) = (−y)(2√x + y)
dx dx
dy dy
1 + + 2x √x + y = −2y√x + y
dx dx
dy dy
+ 2x √x + y = −2y√x + y − 1
dx dx
dy
(1 + 2x√x + y) = −2y√x + y − 1
dx
dy −2y√x + y − 1 1 + 2y√x + y
= or −
dx 1 + 2x√x + y 1 + 2x√x + y
Find y” in each of the following:
3. xy = 32
d d
(xy) = (32)
dx dx
d d
(x y) + (y x) = 0
dx dx
(xy ′ ) + (y) = 0
(xy ′ ) = −y
−y
y′ =
x
Differentiating further with respect to x,
d −y
y ′′ =
dx x
d d −xy ′ + y
[(x) ( (−y))] − [(−y) ( x)] =
dx dx x2
= −y
x2 (−x) ( ) + y
x
[(x)(−y′ )] − [(−y)(1)] =
= x2
x2 y+y
′
(−xy ) − (−y) = 2
= x
x2 2y
= 2
x

4. y 2 − 16x = 0
d 2 d
(y − 16x) = 0
dx dx
d 2 d
(y ) + (−16x) = 0
dx dx
′
d
2yy − 16 x = 0
dx
2yy ′ − 16 = 0
2yy ′ = 16
16
y′ =
2y
8
y′ =
y
Differentiating further with respect to x,
d 8
y ′′ =
dx y
d d 8
[(y) ( 8)] − [(8) ( y)] −8 ( )
dx dx y
= =
y2 y 2
[(y)(0)] − [(8)(y′)] −64
= y
y2 = 2
′ y
0 − 8y
= −64
y2 = 3
y
Find the slope of the curve at the given point.

5. 2x 3 + 2y 3 = 9xy at (2,1)
d d
(2x 3 + 2y 3 ) = (9xy)
dx dx
d 3
d 3
d
(2x ) + (2y ) = 9 [ (xy)]
dx dx dx
d 3 d 3 d d
2 [ (x )] + 2 [ (y )] = 9 [(x y) + (y x)]
dx dx dx dx
2(3x 2 ) + 2(3y 2 y ′ ) = 9[(xy ′ ) + (y)]
6x 2 + 6y 2 y ′ = 9(xy ′ + y)
6y 2 y ′ − 9xy ′ = 9y − 6x 2
y ′ (6y 2 − 9x) = 9y − 6x 2
9y − 6x 2
y′ = 2
6y − 9x
3y − 2x 2
y′ = 2
2y − 3x
Substitute the x and y coordinate in order to find the value of the slope, thus,
′
3y − 2x 2
f (2,1) = 2
2y − 3x
3(1) − 2(22 )
=
2(12 ) − 3(2)
3−8
=
2−6
5
=
4

6. x 3 + x 2 y + y 3 = 9 at (−1,2)
d 3 d
(x + x 2 y + y 3 ) = 9
dx dx
d 3 d 2 d 3
(x ) + (x y) + (y ) = 0
dx dx dx
d d
3x 2 + [(x 2 y) + (y x 2 )] + 3y 2 y′ = 0
dx dx
3x 2 + [(x 2 y ′ ) + (2xy)] + 3y 2 y′ = 0
3x 2 + x 2 y ′ + 2xy + 3y 2 y′ = 0
x 2 y ′ + 3y 2 y ′ = −3x 2 − 2xy
y ′ ( x 2 + 3y 2 ) = −3x 2 − 2xy
−3x 2 − 2xy
y′ = 2
x + 3y 2
Substitute the x and y coordinate in order to find the value of the slope, thus,
−3x 2 − 2xy
f ′ (−1,2) = 2
x + 3y 2
2
−3((−1) ) − 2(−1)(2)
=
(−1)2 + 3(22 )
−3(1) − (−4)
=
1 + 3(4)
−3 + 4
=
1 + 12
1
=
13