ASSIGNMENT 1

ISI - PROBABILITY
1. Three distinct numbers are selected from 100 natural number. The probability that all the
three numbers are divisible by 2 and 3 is
4 4 4 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
25 35 55 1155
2. If four persons are chosen at random from a group of 3 men, 2 women and 4 children. Then
the probability that exactly two of them are children, is
10 8 5 9
(a) (b) (c) (d)
21 63 21 21
3. The letters of the word ‘ASSASSIN’ are written down at random in a row. The probability
that no two S occur together is
1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
35 14 15
4. Six boys and six girls sit in a row randomly. The probability that the six girls sit together
1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
77 132 231
5. Four boys and three girls stand in a queue for an interview, probability that they will be in
alternate position is
1 1 1 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
34 35 17 17
6. Suppose n  3 persons are sitting in a row. Two of them are selected at random. The
probability that they are not together is
2 2 1
(a) 1 − (b) (c) 1 − (d) None of these
n n −1 n
7. Two dice are tossed together. The odds in favor of the sum of the numbers on them as 2 are
(a) 1 : 36 (b) 1 : 35 (c) 35 : 1 (d) None of these
8. A card is chosen randomly from a pack of playing cards. The probability that it is a black king
or queen of heart or jack is
(a) 1/52 (b) 6/52 (c) 7/52 (d) None of these
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9. If A and B are events such that P(A  B) = 3 / 4,P(A  B) = 1/ 4,P(A) = 2 / 3 , then P(A  B)
is
(a) 5/12 (b) 3/8 (c) 5/8 (d) 1/4
3 1 1
10. If P(B) = , P(A  B  C) = and P(A  B  C) = , then P(B  C) is
4 3 3
(a) 1/12 (b) 1/6 (c) 1/15 (d) 1/9
11. The probability of happening an event A is 0.5 and that of B is 0.3. If A and B are mutually
exclusive events, then the probability of happening neither A nor B is
(a) 0.6 (b) 0.2 (c) 0.21 (d) None of these
12. In a horse race the odds in favor of three horses are 1: 2 , 1: 3 and 1: 4 . The probability that
one of the horse will win the race is
37 47 1 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
60 60 4 4
13. 3 cards are drawn one by one without replacement from a deck of 52 cards. Find the
probability that first two are Jacks & third is an Ace.
1 2 2 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5505 4505 5525 4525
14. 5 cards are drawn from a pack of 52 cards, one by one without replacement. Find the
probability of getting 3 Aces and 2 non-aces
1 2 3
15. The probability of A, B, C solving a problem are , , respectively. If all the three try to
3 7 8
solve the problem simultaneously, the probability that exactly one of them will solve it, is
25 25 20 30
(a) (b) (c) (d)
168 56 168 168
16. Seven chits are numbered 1 to 7. Three are drawn one by one with replacement. The
probability that the number on any selected chit is greater than or equal to 5, is
4 4 3
2 2 3
(a) 1 −   (b) 4   (c)   (d) None of these
7 7 7
17. A problem of mathematics is given to three students whose chances of solving the Problem
are 1/3, 1/4 and 1/5 respectively. The probability that the question will be solved is
(a) 2/3 (b) ¾ (c) 4/5 (d) 3/5
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18. Three students appear at an examination of mathematics. The probability of their success are
1 1 1
, & respectively. Find the probability of success of at least two.
3 4 5
1 3 4 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 5 7 5
19. India plays with Africa, 3 games of cricket. Probability that India wins, loses or match results
in tie are 0.4, 0.1, 0.5 respectively. Find the probability that India wins atleast 2 games
(a) 0.652 (b) 0.328 (c) 0.352 (d) 0.395
20. An archer passes the test if he hits bulls eye 2 times. If he hits 3 arrows, what is the
probability that he passes the test, where probability of an archer hitting the bulls eye in any
trial is 0.3
(a) 0.125 (b) 0.168 (c) 0.208 (d) 0.216
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Answers Key
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (b)
5. (b) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (c)
9. (a) 10. (a) 11. (b) 12. (b)
13. (c) 14. 15. (b) 16. (c)
17. (d) 18. (a) 19. (c) 20. (d)

SOLUTIONS
1. Three distinct numbers are selected from 100 natural number. The probability that all the three
numbers are divisible by 2 and 3 is
4 4 4 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
25 35 55 1155
Ans: (d)
16
Sol: The numbers should be divisible by 6. Thus, the number of favorable ways is C3 (as there
are 16 numbers in first 100 natural numbers, divisible by 6). Required probability is
16
C3 16 15 14 4
= = .
100
C3 100  99  98 1155
2. If four persons are chosen at random from a group of 3 men, 2 women and 4 children. Then
the probability that exactly two of them are children, is
10 8 5 9
(a) (b) (c) (d)
21 63 21 21
Ans: (a)
Sol: Total number of ways = 9 C4 , 2 children are chosen in 4 C2 ways and other 2 persons are

chosen in 5 C2 ways.
4
C2  5 C2 10
Hence required probability = 9
= .
C4 21
3. The letters of the word ‘ASSASSIN’ are written down at random in a row. The probability
that no two S occur together is
1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
35 14 15
Ans: (b)
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8!
Sol: Total ways of arrangements = .
2!.4!
•w • x • y• z •
Now ‘S’ can have places at dot’s and in places of
w, x, y, z we have to put 2A’s, one I and one N.
 4!  5.4!2!4! 1
Therefore, favorable ways = 5C4   . Hence, required probability = = .
 2!  2!8! 14
4. Six boys and six girls sit in a row randomly. The probability that the six girls sit together
1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
77 132 231
Ans: (b)
Sol: 6 boys and 6 girls can be arranged in a row in 12 ! ways. If all the 6 girls are together, then the
number of arrangements are 7!  6!
7! . 6!
Hence required probability =
12 !
6  5 4  3 2 1
= = .
12 1110  9  8 132
5. Four boys and three girls stand in a queue for an interview, probability that they will be in
alternate position is
1 1 1 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
34 35 17 17
Ans: (b)
Sol: Four boys can be arranged in 4! ways and three girls can be arranged in 3! ways.
 The favorable cases = 4! 3!
4! 3! 6 1
Hence the required probability = = = .
7! 7  6  5 35
6. Suppose n  3 persons are sitting in a row. Two of them are selected at random. The
probability that they are not together is
2 2 1
(a) 1 − (b) (c) 1 − (d) None of these
n n −1 n
Ans: (a)
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Sol: Let there be n persons and (n − 2) persons not selected are arranged in places stated above by
stars and the selected 2 persons can be arranged at places stated by dots (dots are n − 1 in
n −1
number). So, the favorable ways are C2 and the total ways are n C2 ,
so this can be done as follows ••••• …….
n −1
C2 (n − 1)!2!(n − 2)! n − 2 2
P= = = = 1−
n
C2 (n − 3)!2!n! n n
7. Two dice are tossed together. The odds in favour of the sum of the numbers on them as 2 are
(a) 1 : 36 (b) 1 : 35 (c) 35 : 1 (d) None of these
Ans: (b)
Sol: If two dice are tossed, total number of events = 6  6 = 36.
Favourable event is (1, 1).
Number of favourable events = 1
1 1
 odds in favour = = .
36 − 1 35
8. A card is chosen randomly from a pack of playing cards. The probability that it is a black king
or queen of heart or jack is
(a) 1/52 (b) 6/52 (c) 7/52 (d) None of these
Ans: (c)
Sol: Let A, B, C are the events of choosing a black king, a queen of heart and a jack respectively.
2 1 4
 P(A) = , P(B) = , P(C) =
52 52 52
These are mutually exclusive events,
2 1 4 7
 P(A  B  C) = + + = .
52 52 52 52
9. If A and B are events such that P(A  B) = 3 / 4,P(A  B) = 1/ 4,P(A) = 2 / 3 , then P(A  B)
is
(a) 5/12 (b) 3/8 (c) 5/8 (d) 1/4
Ans: (a)
3 1 2 1
Sol: P(A  B) = , P(A  B) = , P(A) =  P(A) = .
4 4 3 3
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1 1 3 2
 P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A  B)  = + P(B) −  P(B) =
4 3 4 3
2 1 8−3 5
P(A  B) = P(B) − P(A  B) = − = = .
3 4 12 12

Marks: 0
3 1 1
10. If P(B) = , P(A  B  C) = and P(A  B  C) = , then P(B  C) is
4 3 3
(a) 1/12 (b) 1/6 (c) 1/15 (d) 1/9
Ans: (a)
Sol:

From Venn diagram, we can see that

P(B  C) = P(B) − P(A  B  C) − P(A  B  C)
3 1 1 1
= − − = .
4 3 3 12
11. The probability of happening an event A is 0.5 and that of B is 0.3. If A and B are mutually
exclusive events, then the probability of happening neither A nor B is
(a) 0.6 (b) 0.2 (c) 0.21 (d) None of these
Ans: (b)
Sol: P(A  B) = P(A  B) = 1 − P(A  B)
Since A and B are mutually exclusive, so P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B)
Hence, required probability = 1 − (0.5 + 0.3) = 0.2 .
12. In a horse race the odds in favour of three horses are 1: 2 , 1: 3 and 1: 4 . The probability that
one of the horse will win the race is
37 47 1 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
60 60 4 4
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Ans: (b)
1 1 1
Sol: Probabilities of winning the race by three horses are , and .
3 4 5
1 1 1 47
Hence required probability = + + = .
3 4 5 60
13. 3 cards are drawn one by one without replacement from a deck of 52 cards. Find the
probability that first two are Jacks & third is an Ace.
1 2 2 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5505 4505 5525 4525
Ans: (c)
Sol: Let A be the event, first card is Jack
B be the event, second card is Jack
C be the event, third card is Ace
⸫ Required probability = P ( A  B  C )

4 3 4
=  
52 51 50
2
=
5525
14. 5 cards are drawn from a pack of 52 cards, one by one without replacement. Find the
probability of getting 3 Aces and 2 non-aces
Sol: Probability of getting 3 Aces and 2 non-aces
4
C3  48C2 47  2 94
= = =
52
C5 13 17  5  49 54145
1 2 3
15. The probability of A, B, C solving a problem are , , respectively. If all the three try to
3 7 8
solve the problem simultaneously, the probability that exactly one of them will solve it, is
25 25 20 30
(a) (b) (c) (d)
168 56 168 168
Ans: (b)
1 2 3
Sol: Here p1 = , p 2 = and p3 =
3 7 8
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2 5 5
 q1 = , q 2 = and q3 =
3 7 8
Required probability
= p1q 2q 3 + q1p 2q 3 + q1q 2p3
1 5 5 2 2 5 2 5 3
=   +   +  
3 7 8 3 7 8 3 7 8
25
=
56
16. Seven chits are numbered 1 to 7. Three are drawn one by one with replacement. The
probability that the number on any selected chit is greater than or equal to 5, is
4 4 3
2 2 3
(a) 1 −   (b) 4   (c)   (d) None of these
7 7 7
Ans: (c)
3
Sol: P(5or 6or7) in one draw =
7
3
3
 Probability that in each of 3 draws, the chits bear 5 or 6 or 7 =   .
7
17. A problem of mathematics is given to three students whose chances of solving the Problem
are 1/3, 1/4 and 1/5 respectively. The probability that the question will be solved is
(a) 2/3 (b) ¾ (c) 4/5 (d) 3/5
Ans: (d)
1 2 1 3 1 4
Sol: The probabilities of students not solving the problem are 1 − = ,1 − = and 1 − = .
3 3 4 4 5 5
2 3 4 2
Therefore, the probability that the problem is not solved by any one of them =   = .
3 4 5 5
2 3
Hence, the probability that problem is solved = 1 − = .
5 5
18. Three students appear at an examination of mathematics. The probability of their success are
1 1 1
, & respectively. Find the probability of success of at least two.
3 4 5
1 3 4 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 5 7 5
 10

Ans: (a)
1 1 1  1 1 1 1 1  1 1 1 1 4 2 3 1 1
Sol: = . 1 −  + 1 −  . . + 1 −  . + . . = + + + = .
3 4 5   3 4 5 3 4  5 3 4 5 60 60 60 60 6
19. India plays with Africa, 3 games of cricket. Probability that India wins, loses or match results
in tie are 0.4, 0.1, 0.5 respectively. Find the probability that India wins atleast 2 games
(a) 0.652 (b) 0.328 (c) 0.352 (d) 0.395
Ans: (c)
Sol: Let event
A = India wins a match
B = India loses a match
C = India tie a match
⸫ Probability India wins atleast 2 games

= 3C2  P ( A ) . ( P ( B ) ) + 3C 2 ( P ( A ) ) ( P ( C ) ) + 3C3 ( P ( A ) )
2 1 2 1 3

= 3 ( 0.4 )  ( 0.1 + 0.5 ) + ( 0.4 )

2 3

= 0.288 + 0.064
= 0.352
20. An archer passes the test if he hits bulls eye 2 times. If he hits 3 arrows, what is the
probability that he passes the test, where probability of an archer hitting the bulls eye in any
trial is 0.3
(a) 0.125 (b) 0.168 (c) 0.208 (d) 0.216
Ans: (d)
Sol: Let event
A = Archer hits the bulls eye
B = Archer don’t hit a bulls eye
⸫ Probability that archer passes the test

= 3C2 ( P ( A ) ) P ( B ) + 3C3 ( P ( A ) )
2 3

= 3 ( 0.3) ( 0.7 ) + ( 0.3)

2 3

= 0.189 + 0.027
= 0.216