I have to do something= it is necessary to do it, I am obliged to do it:

0 You can't turn right here. You have to turn left. You have to turn left here.
0 I have to wear glasses for reading.
0 Robert can't come out with us this evening.
He has to work late.
0 Last week Tina broke her arm and had to go to hospital.
C I haven't had to go to the doctor for ages.
We use do/does/did in questions and negative sentences (for the present and past simple):
0 What do I have to do to get a new driving licence? (not What have I to do?)
0 Karen doesn't have to work Saturdays. (not Karen hasn't to)
C Why did you have to Leave early?
You can say I'LL have to .. . , I'm going to have to ... and I might I I may have to ... :
~ They can 't fix my computer, so I'LL have to buy a new one. or
I'm going to have to buy a new one.
C) Tom might have to work late tomorrow. or Tom may have to work ...
(=it's possible that he will have to)

Must is similar to have to:

0 lt's later than I thought. I must go. or I have to go.
You can use must or have to to give your own opinion (for example, to say what y ou think is
necessary, or to recommend someone to do something):
0 I haven't spoken to Sue for ages. I must phone her. I I have to phone her.
(= I say this is necessary)
8 Mark is a really nice person. You must meet him . I You have to meet him.
(I recommend this)

We use have to (not usually must) to say what someone is obliged to do. The spea ker is not giving
his/her own opinion:
0 I have to work from 8.30 to 5.30 every day. (a fact, not an opinion)
0 jane has to travel a lot for her work.
But must is used in written rules and instructions:
0 Applications for the job must be received by 18 May.
0 (exam instruction) Answer all the questions. You must write your answers in ink.
You cannot use must to talk about th e past :
0 We didn't have much time. We had to hurry. (not we must hurry)
Mustn't and don't have to are completely different:

You mustn't do something = it is necessa ry You don't have to do something = you don't
that you do not do it (so don't do it ): need t o do it (but you can if you want):
C You must keep this a secret . You mustn't C You don't have to teLL Tom w hat
tell anyone. (= don't t ell anyone) happened. I ca n tell him myself.
0 I promi sed I would be on time. I mustn't 0 I don't have to be at the meeting, but
be lat e. (= I must be on time) I t hin k I'll go anyway.

You can use have got to inst ead of have to. So you can say:
0 I've got to work tomorrow. or I have to work t omorrow.
0 When has Helen got to go ? or When does Helen have to go?

M ust ('You must be tired') ~ Unit 28 M ust/ mustn 't / needn't ~ Unit 32
 , Unit
Exercises - 31
Complete the sentences using have to I has to I had to.
1 Bill starts work at 5 a.m. .. He 11.9---? ....t:P .. get UP...... at four. (he I get up)
2 'I b ro ke my arm l as t wee k'. ' DUi . uou
·'=J ··· .... ho...ve to..... go..... t o h osp1'tal?' . (you 1 go )
3 There was a lot of noise from the street. . . . ................. .. .. . .. . ...... .... the window. (we I dose)
4 Karen can't stay for the whole meeting. .. .... ........................ ... .. ... . ......................... ...... ... early. (she I leave)
5 How old ........... ..... . ... . . ... . .......... ..... ... ... .... .. ............. ..... .... to drive in your country? (you I be)
6 I don't have much time. ................... . . .. ....... .. . soon. (1 I go)
7 How is Paul enjoying his new job? .... .......................... . .. -· _..... .... a lot? (he I travel)
8 'I'm afraid I can't stay long.' 'What time .. ..... .............. ....... .................. .... ...... .. .... ?' (you I go)
9 'The bus was late again.' 'How long ....................................................................................................... _.......... ?' (you I wait)
10 There was nobody to help me. I ..... ......... .. ......... . .. . ... everything by myself. (1 I do)

Complete the sentences using have to+ the verbs in the list. Some sentences are positive
(I have to ... etc.) and some are negative (I don't have to ... etc.}:
ask do drive get up go make make pay she .....
1 I'm not working tomorrow, so I <iQ_ n ,t ..~o...ve tp g~ up early.
2 Steve didn't know how to turn off the computer, so I ... ho.-:4. t9 ....?..b9..~. him.
3 Excuse me a moment- I .. .... . ... . .................. . .................................................. a phone call. I won't be long.
4 I'm not too busy. I have a few things to do, but I ................... ...................................... ..................... ... them now.
5 I couldn't find the street I wanted . I .......... ... . . ........ ......... somebody for directions.
6 The car park is free. You ... ........ ..... to park your car there .
7 A man was injured in the accident, but he .. .... .................. ..... .. .. ........ ... .. . . to hospital because it
wasn't serious.
8 Jane has a senior position in the company. She ........ important decisions.
9 When Patrick starts hi s new job next month, he ............. . ............ . 50 miles to
work every day.

In some of these sentences, must is wrong or unnatural. Correct the sentences where necessary.
1 lt's later than I thought. I must go. ...0.~ (have.t.9.l:?..qlsq cqrrg(;JL ....
2 I must work every day from 8 .3 0 to 5.30. .... l ....ho...v..~ U?.... w.otJ .... .. . .........
3
---------------
You must come and see us again soon.
4 Tom can't meet us tomorrow. He must work.
5 I must work late yesterday evening.
6 I must get up early tomorrow. I have a lot to do.
7 Julia wears glasses. She must wear glasses
since she was very young.

Complete the sentences with mustn't or don't/doesn't have to.

1 I don't want anyone to know about our plan. You ......!:'(l.tfSm)t tell anyone.
2 Richard ..... M.~sn ,t. h.~Y.~... W. ..... wear a suit to work, but he usually does.
3 I can sleep late tomorrow morning beca use I ................................. . ... ................. ........... go to work.
4 Whatever you do, you . . ....... . .... ..................... ..... ..... . .. ....... .......... touch that switch. lt's very dangerous.
5 There's a lift in the building, so we .... . .... ....... .._. .................. climb the stairs.
6 You . .................... .. .. .. .. ........... ... ...... ...... forget what I told you . lt's very important.
7 Silvia ...... ..... ...... ... ..... .. .. ...................................... get up early, but she usually does.
8 Don't make so much noise. We ...... .......... . ...... .............................. .................. wake the chi ld ren .
9 I .. ... .. ...... ... . eat too much . I'm supposed to be on a diet.
10 You .. ......... .... ..... .. .... be a good player to enjoy a game of tennis.

~Additional exerci se 16 (page 311) 63