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Revision On Thermodynamcis

The document contains a series of questions and problems related to thermodynamics, including concepts such as enthalpy, internal energy, and entropy changes for various chemical reactions. It includes multiple-choice questions, derivations, and calculations involving heat of combustion and formation. The document also predicts signs of entropy changes for different processes.

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12 views5 pages

Revision On Thermodynamcis

The document contains a series of questions and problems related to thermodynamics, including concepts such as enthalpy, internal energy, and entropy changes for various chemical reactions. It includes multiple-choice questions, derivations, and calculations involving heat of combustion and formation. The document also predicts signs of entropy changes for different processes.

Uploaded by

anannyapahujadpsnt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Revision on Thermodynamics

A. Choose the correct option:


1. For the reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) ↔ 2NH3(g) which of the following is valid?
(a) ΔH = ΔU (b) ΔH > ΔU (c) ΔH < ΔU (d) None of the above
2. Predict the sign of Δ𝑆 for the following reaction: 2𝐻2𝑆𝑔 + 3𝑂2𝑔 → 2𝐻2𝑂𝑔 + 2𝑆𝑂 2𝑔
3. Which of the following equations represents enthalpy of formation of H2O ?
(a) 2H2(g) + O2 (g) 2H2O(l); ΔH = -ve (b) 2H2O2(g) 2H2O(l) + O2(g); ΔH = +ve
8. (c) H2(g) + ½ O2(g) H2O(l) ΔH = +ve (d) 2H2O(g) 2H2(g) + O2(g) ; ΔH = +ve
4. The equation representing the combustion of Carbon and Carbon monoxide are
C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) ΔH = -394 kJ/mol
CO(g) + ½ O2(g) CO2(g) ΔH = -284.5 kJ/mol
The heat of formation of 1 mol of CO(g) is:
(a) -109.5 kJ/mol (b) +109.5 kJ/mol (c) +180 kJ/mol (d) +100 kJ/mol
B. Solve the following:
1. Derive the relationship between Cp and Cv for ‘n’ moles of a gas.
2. The heat of combustion of benzene in a bomb calorimeter (i.e., constant volume) was found to be
3263.9kJ/mol at 250C. Calculate the heat of combustion of benzene at constant pressure.
3. A + B →C + D ; ΔH= -10000 J mol-1 , ΔS= -33.3 J mol-1 K-1 . (i) At what temperature the reaction
will occur spontaneously from left to right? (ii) At what temperature, the reaction will reverse?
4. Find the internal energy change for the reaction A(l) →A(g) at 373K. Heat of vaporization is
40.66kJ/mol, R= 8.314Jmol-1 K-1
5. For an isolated system , ∆U=0, what will be ∆S?
6. If water vapour is assumed to be perfect gas, molar enthalpy change at 1 bar and 373K is 41 kJ /
mol. Calculate the internal energy change when (i) 1 mol of water is vaporised at 1 bar pressure
and 373 K. (ii) 1 mol of water is converted into ice.
7. Calculate the enthalpy of formation of methane, given that the enthalpies of combustion of
methane, graphite and hydrogen are 890.2kJ, 393.4kJ and 285.7kJ mol -1 respectively.
8. The combustion of 1 mole of benzene takes place at 298K and 1 atm. After combustion, CO2 (g)
and H2O (l) are produced and 3267 kJ of heat is liberated. Calculate the standard enthalpy of
formation of benzene. Standard enthalpies of formation of CO2 (g) and H2O (l) are -393.5 kJ / mol
and -285.83 kJ / mol respectively.
9. Predict the size of entropy change in each of the following:
a. H2(298K, 1atm) →H2(298K, 10atm)
b. Crystallisation of copper sulphate from its saturated solution)
c. 2NH4NO3 →2N2+4H2O+O2
A. Choose the correct option:
1. For the reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) ↔ 2NH3(g) which of the following is valid?
(a) ΔH = ΔU (b) ΔH > ΔU (c) ΔH < ΔU (d) None of the above
2. Predict the sign of Δ𝑆 for the following reaction: 2𝐻2𝑆𝑔 + 3𝑂2𝑔 → 2𝐻2𝑂𝑔 + 2𝑆𝑂2𝑔
Ans. negative
3. Which of the following equations represents enthalpy of formation of H2O ?
(a) 2H2(g) + O2 (g) 2H2O(l); ΔH = -ve (b) 2H2O2(g) 2H2O(l) + O2(g); ΔH = +ve
(c) H2(g) + ½ O2(g) H2O(l) ΔH = +ve (d) 2H2O(g) 2H2(g) + O2(g) ; ΔH = +ve
4. The equation representing the combustion of Carbon and Carbon monoxide are
C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) ΔH = -394 kJ/mol
CO(g) + ½ O2(g) CO2(g) ΔH = -284.5 kJ/mol
The heat of formation of 1 mol of CO(g) is:
(a) -109.5 kJ/mol (b) +109.5 kJ/mol (c) +180 kJ/mol (d) +100 kJ/mol
B. Solve the following:
1. Derive the relationship between Cp and Cv for ‘n’ moles of a gas.

Ans.
2. The heat of combustion of benzene in a bomb calorimeter (i.e., constant volume) was found to
be 3263.9kJ/mol at 250C. Calculate the heat of combustion of benzene at constant pressure.
3. A + B →C + D ; ΔH= -10000 J mol-1 , ΔS= -33.3 J mol-1 K-1 . (i) At what temperature the
reaction will occur spontaneously from left to right? (ii) At what temperature, the reaction will
reverse?
ΔG = ΔH – TΔS At equilibrium, ΔG = 0 so that ΔH = TΔS or T = ΔH/ΔS = -1000 mol-1/-33.3JK-1
mol-1 = 300.03 K
(i) For spontaneity from left to right. G should be –ve for the given reaction. This will be so if
T < 300.3 K
(ii) For reverse reaction to occur, G should be +ve forward reaction. This will be so if T > 300.3 K.
4. Find the internal energy change for the reaction A(l) →A(g) at 373K. Heat of vaporization is
40.66kJ/mol, R= 8.314Jmol-1 K-1

ΔH = ΔU + Δn g RT

ΔU = 40 , 660 J/mol −3 , 101.9 J/mol

ΔU = 37 , 558.1 J/mol
5. For an isolated system , ∆U=0, what will be ∆S?
Ans. For an isolated system where ∆U (change in internal energy) is 0, ∆S (change in entropy) will
be greater than zero (∆S > 0); meaning the entropy will always increase or remain constant in
such a system.
6. If water vapour is assumed to be perfect gas, molar enthalpy change at 1 bar and 373K is
41 kJ / mol. Calculate the internal energy change when (i) 1 mol of water is vaporised at 1
bar pressure and 373 K. (ii) 1 mol of water is converted into ice.

Ans. (i) H2O(l) → H2O(g)


Δn(g) = 1 − 0 = 1 ∵ ∵ ΔH = ΔU + ΔngRT or ∆U = ∆H − ∆ngRT
Given, ∆H = 41 kJ mol−1, T = 100 + 273 = 373 K ∴ ∴
∆U = 41 kJ mol−1 × 8.3 J mol−1K−1 × 373 K = 37.904 kJ mol−1
(ii) H2O(l) → H2O(s) There is negligible change in volume. ∴ ∴ p∆V = ∆ngRT = 0 ∴ ∴ ∆H = ∆U
Internal energy ∆U = enthalpy of fussion of ice.

7. Calculate the enthalpy of formation of methane, given that the enthalpies of combustion of
methane, graphite and hydrogen are 890.2kJ, 393.4kJ and 285.7kJ mol -1 respectively.

Ans. C + 2 H2 → CH4 ΔH = – 393.4 + 2 –285.7 – –890.2 kJ mol–1 = –74.6 kJ mol–1

Hence the heat of formation of methane is :ΔfH = –74.6 kJ mol–1.

8. The combustion of 1 mole of benzene takes place at 298K and 1 atm. After combustion,
CO2 (g) and H2O (l) are produced and 3267 kJ of heat is liberated. Calculate the standard
enthalpy of formation of benzene. Standard enthalpies of formation of CO2 (g) and H2O (l)
are -393.5 kJ / mol and -285.83 kJ / mol respectively.
Ans.
In order to get the required thermochemical equation, multiply Eq. (ii) by 6 and Eq. (iii) by 3 and
subtract Eq. (i) from their sum, i.e. operating 6 × Eqn. (ii) + 3 × Eqn. (iii) – Eqn. (i), we get 6C (s) +
3H2 (g) →C6H6 (l) ; ΔH = 6 (–393.5) + 3 (–285.83) – (–3267.0) = – 2361 – 857.49 + 3267.0 = 48.51
kJ mol–1 Thus, the enthalpy of formation of benzene is Δf H = – 48.51 kJ mol–1
9. Predict the size of entropy change in each of the following:
a. H2(298K, 1atm) →H2(298K, 10atm)
b. Crystallisation of copper sulphate from its saturated solution)
c. 2NH4NO3 →2N2+4H2O+O2
(a) Gas at lower pressure has greater randomness thanΔ at high pressure (compressed gas) at the
same temperature. Hence, entropy decreases, i.e. ΔS is –ve.
(b) Molecules at higher temperature have greater randomness at the same pressure. Hence, ΔS is +ve.
(c) Gaseous molecules have greater randomness that the solid. Hence, ΔS is positive.

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