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Skeleton Presentation of Statistical Approach

The document provides an overview of pattern recognition, focusing on statistical methods used for classification and decision-making. It covers key concepts such as Bayesian decision theory, probability density functions, and feature extraction, while also discussing advantages, challenges, and applications in fields like medical diagnosis and image classification. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of statistical approaches and suggests future directions for research.

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10 views4 pages

Skeleton Presentation of Statistical Approach

The document provides an overview of pattern recognition, focusing on statistical methods used for classification and decision-making. It covers key concepts such as Bayesian decision theory, probability density functions, and feature extraction, while also discussing advantages, challenges, and applications in fields like medical diagnosis and image classification. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of statistical approaches and suggests future directions for research.

Uploaded by

anitangabire017
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Slide 1: Introduction to Pattern Recognition

 Definition: Pattern recognition is the process of classifying data based on learned


patterns or statistical information.
 Applications: Widely used in fields like image recognition, speech analysis, medical
diagnosis, and biometric identification.
 Importance: Automates decision-making processes, improving efficiency in numerous
fields.

Slide 2: Overview of Statistical Pattern Recognition

 Definition: Statistical pattern recognition relies on statistical models to make decisions


by analyzing the probability distributions of input data.
 Key Concepts:
o Bayesian decision theory
o Probability density functions (PDF)
o Feature extraction and selection
 Core Idea: Models the underlying probability distribution of each class for data
classification.

Slide 3: Bayesian Decision Theory

 Fundamentals: A framework for making optimal decisions under uncertainty using


probabilities.
 Bayes’ Theorem:

Application: Classifying data points into the class with the highest posterior probability.

Slide 4: Probability Density Functions (PDFs) in Classification

 Role of PDFs: Represent the likelihood of observing a particular feature vector given a
class.
 Parametric Models: Assume a specific distribution (e.g., Gaussian distribution).
o Example: Gaussian Naive Bayes.
 Non-Parametric Models: Do not assume a specific distribution (e.g., Kernel Density
Estimation).
 Significance: PDF estimation helps compute class likelihoods, aiding in classification
decisions.

Slide 5: Feature Extraction and Dimensionality Reduction

 Feature Extraction: Identifying significant characteristics of data that aid in


classification.
 Dimensionality Reduction:
o PCA (Principal Component Analysis): Reduces data dimensions by capturing the
most variance.
o LDA (Linear Discriminant Analysis): Maximizes the separation between multiple
classes.
 Why It Matters: Reduces computational cost and prevents overfitting by focusing on the
most informative features.

Slide 6: Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) and Maximum A Posteriori


(MAP)

 Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE):


o Estimates model parameters by maximizing the likelihood that the observed data
comes from the model.
 Maximum A Posteriori (MAP):
o Incorporates prior beliefs into the estimation process to determine parameter
values.
 Mathematical Approach:

 Slide 7: Error Rates and Model Evaluation

 Common Metrics:
o Error rate, precision, recall, and F1-score.
o Confusion Matrix: Visualizes the performance of a classification model.
 Cross-Validation: A method to test the generalizability of a model.
 Example: Using ROC curves to evaluate the trade-off between sensitivity and specificity.
Slide 8: Advantages of Statistical Approaches

 Mathematically Rigorous: Provides a clear probabilistic interpretation.


 Versatile: Can be adapted to various types of data and problems.
 Well-Established Methods: Techniques like Bayesian decision theory and MLE have
extensive theoretical backing.

Slide 9: Challenges and Limitations

 Assumptions about Data: Often assumes data follows a particular distribution (e.g.,
Gaussian), which may not always hold.
 Computational Complexity: Estimating parameters and PDFs can be resource-intensive,
especially for large datasets.
 Sensitivity to Features: Model performance depends heavily on the choice and quality
of features used.

Slide 10: Case Studies and Applications

 Example 1: Medical Diagnosis:


o Use of Bayesian classifiers to distinguish between healthy and diseased states
based on patient data.
 Example 2: Image Classification:
o Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) for modeling pixel distributions in different
object classes.
 Example 3: Speech Recognition:
o Hidden Markov Models (HMM) used for recognizing patterns in spoken
language.

Slide 11: Conclusion

 Summary: Statistical approaches in pattern recognition use probability models for


classification, feature extraction, and decision-making.
 Future Directions: Incorporating advanced statistical methods like Gaussian Processes,
and adapting models to handle high-dimensional data.
 Q&A: Ready to address any questions about statistical methods.

References:

1. Provided Article: Overview of statistical pattern recognition techniques(statistical


approach).
2. Duda, R. O., Hart, P. E., & Stork, D. G. Pattern Classification (2nd Edition). A
fundamental text that covers the theory and applications of statistical pattern recognition.
3. Bishop, C. M. Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning. Discusses advanced concepts
in statistical pattern recognition, including Bayesian networks and probabilistic graphical
models.
4. Fukunaga, K. Introduction to Statistical Pattern Recognition. Focuses on Bayesian
decision theory and its application to pattern recognition.
5. Jain, A. K., Duin, R. P. W., & Mao, J. Statistical Pattern Recognition: A Review. IEEE
Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, providing an in-depth review
of statistical methods.

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