Introduction to Redux Toolkit
Introduction to Redux Toolkit
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Redux Toolkit is a set of tools that helps you use Redux more easily. Redux is a way to manage the
state (data) of your application, but it can be complicated and involve a lot of code. Redux Toolkit
simplifies the process by giving you functions that handle much of the work for you.
Easier to write code: It reduces the amount of code you need to manage your app's state.
Less error-prone: It comes with built-in tools that make your code safer and easier to debug.
Improves performance: It optimizes certain operations, like handling async tasks.
Key Features
1. `createSlice`
This function helps you define a "slice" of your app's state. A slice is like a piece of the
overall state. For example, you might have one slice for user information, another for
products, etc.
It automatically generates actions and reducers, which are needed for managing state,
saving you from writing that code manually.
Example:
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}
});
2. `configureStore`
This function sets up the store where the state of your application is kept.
It automatically configures helpful tools for debugging and makes it easier to combine
different slices of state.
Example:
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3. `createAsyncThunk`
This function is used to handle asynchronous actions, such as fetching data from an API. It
simplifies the process of managing loading and error states.
Instead of manually handling async operations, `createAsyncThunk` does it for you and
updates the state based on success or failure.
Example:
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In summary, Redux Toolkit makes working with Redux easier by giving you tools like `createSlice` to
manage state, `configureStore` to set up your store, and `createAsyncThunk` to handle async tasks.
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To start a new React project, you can use either Create React App or Vite. Both are tools that quickly
set up everything you need to start coding in React.
bash
bash
cd my-app
bash
npm start
Using Vite:
bash
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2. Change into your project directory:
bash
cd my-app
bash
npm install
bash
After creating your project, you'll see a few key folders and files:
`src/`: This is where your main React code will go (components, hooks, etc.).
`public/`: This contains static files like your HTML file.
`package.json`: This file manages your dependencies (like React) and scripts for running your
project.
Redux Toolkit and React-Redux are tools you need to use Redux in a React app. You'll install both to
manage your app’s state.
Using npm:
bash
Using yarn:
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1. If you're using yarn, run:
bash
After installing, you need to bring these tools into your project by importing them.
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2. Importing React-Redux:
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Now you're ready to use Redux Toolkit to manage your app's state and React-Redux to connect Redux
to your React components!
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Memory updated
A slice is a part of your app's state, like a piece of the full puzzle. It includes the state, actions (what
can change the state), and reducers (how the state changes).
Using `createSlice`
`createSlice` is a function that helps you easily create actions and reducers for your state.
Reducers are functions that update the state based on actions.
Actions are like commands telling Redux what to do.
This is a simple example of a counter, where the state keeps track of a number that can increase or
decrease.
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The store is where all the state of your app is kept. It holds the state and lets you access it from
different parts of your app.
Using `configureStore`
The `configureStore` function is used to set up the Redux store. It combines different reducers
(like different slices of state) into one store.
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Middleware is like a middle layer between your actions and reducers, often used for things like
logging or handling async logic.
You usually don’t need to set this up manually with Redux Toolkit, but you can add custom
middleware if necessary.
When you need to fetch data or handle side effects (like making an API request), Redux Toolkit offers
an easy way to manage this with `createAsyncThunk`.
Introduction to `createAsyncThunk`
`createAsyncThunk` is used to write async logic (e.g., fetching data) without too much complexity.
It automatically handles loading, success, and failure states.
Here’s how you can use `createAsyncThunk` to fetch data from an API.
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state.error = action.error.message; // Handle error
});
}
});
In summary:
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To use Redux in your React components, you need two main things:
1. `useSelector`: This allows you to get data from the Redux state.
2. `useDispatch`: This allows you to send actions to update the Redux state.
`useSelector` helps you read (or "select") data from the Redux state inside your React
components.
Example:
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function Counter() {
const count = useSelector((state) => state.counter.value); // Access the counter state
`useDispatch` is used to send (or "dispatch") actions that will update the state.
Example:
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function CounterControls() {
const dispatch = useDispatch(); // Get the dispatch function
return (
<div>
<button onClick={() => dispatch(increment())}>Increment</button>
<button onClick={() => dispatch(decrement())}>Decrement</button>
<button onClick={() => dispatch(reset())}>Reset</button>
</div>
);
}
You can use Redux state directly inside your functional components, making it easier to manage the
app’s state in one place.
To access Redux state, you use `useSelector`. This makes sure your component always has the
latest state.
Example:
javascript
function DisplayCounter() {
const count = useSelector((state) => state.counter.value); // Accessing state
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To change the state, use `useDispatch` to call an action like increment, decrement, or any other
action from your slice.
Example:
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function UpdateCounter() {
const dispatch = useDispatch();
return (
<div>
<button onClick={() => dispatch(increment())}>Increase</button>
<button onClick={() => dispatch(decrement())}>Decrease</button>
</div>
);
}
Sometimes, the state in your app can get complicated. For example, you might want to manage a list
of items where you can add, update, or delete them. Redux Toolkit helps you handle this complexity
using normalized state and CRUD operations.
Normalized state means structuring the state in a way that makes it easier to update, especially
when you have a list of items.
`entities` can be used to store items in a structured way (like using an object where each key is
an item’s ID).
Example: Managing a List of Items with CRUD Operations Here’s how you can use Redux Toolkit to
manage a list of items (like a to-do list):
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Now you can easily add, update, or delete items in your list using actions like `addItem`, `updateItem`,
and `deleteItem`. Each item will be stored in the `entities` object using its ID as the key.
In summary:
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Middleware is a way to add extra functionality between the time an action is dispatched and when it
reaches the reducers. Think of it like a checkpoint that allows you to modify, log, or delay actions
before they affect the state.
Understanding Middleware
Middleware sits between the action and the reducer. It’s like a traffic controller: actions pass through
middleware before the reducer updates the state.
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You can create custom middleware to perform specific tasks, like logging actions or modifying them.
Example of a simple logger middleware:
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`redux-thunk`: This allows you to write functions that return a function (instead of an object),
useful for handling async actions like API calls.
`redux-saga`: Another tool for managing async actions in Redux, but more powerful for complex
workflows. It uses "sagas" to watch for dispatched actions and handle them.
Redux Toolkit automatically includes redux-thunk by default, so you don’t need to add it manually
unless you want something different, like redux-saga.
Redux provides ways to optimize performance by preventing unnecessary updates and re-renders in
your components.
Memoization is a way to cache results of expensive calculations so that you don’t have to
recalculate them every time.
`reselect` is a tool to create "selectors," which are functions that retrieve and memoize parts of
the state, improving performance.
Example:
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`useSelector`can cause components to re-render every time the state changes. To avoid
unnecessary re-renders, make sure to use selectors that only return the specific part of the state
your component needs.
Unit tests focus on testing individual parts of your Redux logic, like reducers and actions.
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For async logic like API calls, you can test thunks by mocking the API response.
Example:
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await store.dispatch(fetchUser());
const actions = store.getActions();
expect(actions[0].type).toBe('user/fetchUser/pending');
expect(actions[1].type).toBe('user/fetchUser/fulfilled');
});
Jest: A popular testing framework that lets you write tests for your JavaScript and React code.
React Testing Library: A tool to test React components in a way that simulates how users
interact with your app.
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In summary:
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As your Redux app grows, managing multiple slices and state can get tricky. Following best practices
helps keep everything organized and easy to maintain.
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Group slices by feature: Each feature in your app (like users, products, etc.) should have its own
slice.
Separate logic: Keep your actions, reducers, and state in one slice file to keep things modular
and clean.
bash
/src
/features
/counter
counterSlice.js
/todos
todosSlice.js
/app
store.js
Instead of putting everything in one file, you can split reducers and actions into different slices and
combine them later.
Example: Combining reducers
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Redux DevTools is a browser extension that helps you debug your Redux state. You can see the
actions being dispatched and how the state changes in real time.
Inspect actions: You can see what actions are being dispatched.
View state changes: You can track how your state changes after each action.
Time-travel debugging: You can go back in time to previous states and even replay actions.
Redux Toolkit automatically sets up DevTools for you when you create the store with `configureStore`.
You don’t need to manually add any configuration unless you want to customize it.
Example:
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In Redux, immutability means that you never directly modify the state. Instead, you create a copy of
the state and update that copy. This prevents bugs and makes state predictable.
If you change the state directly, it can lead to unexpected bugs and behaviors because Redux depends
on the state being updated in a controlled way. Instead of modifying the original state, you should
always return a new version of it.
Redux Toolkit includes a library called `immer` that automatically handles immutability. It allows you to
"mutate" state in your reducers, but behind the scenes, `immer` creates a new copy of the state
without actually changing the original one.
Example:
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In summary:
Organizing slices keeps your Redux logic modular and easy to manage as your app grows.
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Redux DevTools is a powerful tool for debugging Redux apps, and Redux Toolkit configures it by
default.
Immutability ensures state is predictable, and `immer` (included in Redux Toolkit) helps you
handle immutable updates easily.
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Project-Based Learning
7.1. Building a Sample Application
Choose a project (e.g., To-Do List, Blog, E-commerce Cart)
Implementing Redux Toolkit to manage state
Integrating UI components with Redux
7.2. Code Review and Refactoring
Reviewing code for best practices
Refactoring for maintainability and performance
7.3. Deployment and Production Considerations
Preparing the app for production
Handling state persistence and rehydration expalin this in basic englsih
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Let’s take an example of building a To-Do List App to learn how to use Redux Toolkit in a project.
Choose a project: You can build something simple like a To-Do List, Blog, or E-commerce Cart to
practice.
Implement Redux Toolkit to manage state:
Create a slice to manage the to-do list state (adding, deleting, completing tasks).
Use actions to modify the list.
Update the store with your slice.
Example: To-Do Slice
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todo.completed = !todo.completed;
}
},
deleteTodo: (state, action) => {
return state.filter(todo => todo.id !== action.payload);
}
}
});
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function TodoList() {
const [todoText, setTodoText] = useState('');
const todos = useSelector((state) => state.todos);
const dispatch = useDispatch();
return (
<div>
<input value={todoText} onChange={(e) => setTodoText(e.target.value)} />
<button onClick={handleAddTodo}>Add To-Do</button>
<ul>
{todos.map(todo => (
<li key={todo.id} style={{ textDecoration: todo.completed ? 'line-through'
: 'none' }}>
{todo.text}
<button onClick={() =>
dispatch(toggleComplete(todo.id))}>Complete</button>
<button onClick={() => dispatch(deleteTodo(todo.id))}>Delete</button>
</li>
))}
</ul>
</div>
);
}
After building your app, it’s important to review and improve the code.
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Split large components or slices into smaller, reusable parts.
Optimize state updates to avoid unnecessary re-renders using memoization or reselect.
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const persistConfig = {
key: 'root',
storage,
};
In summary:
Build a project using Redux Toolkit to manage state and connect it with your UI components.
Review and refactor your code to follow best practices for maintainability and performance.
Prepare your app for production by optimizing it and considering state persistence with tools like
redux-persist.
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