BA file (1)
BA file (1)
Student Name: Divneet Kaur Shah Faculty Name: Ms. Anjli Gupta
Enrollment No.:01114803922 Designation: Assistant Professor
Class : MBA 3A
Batch: 2022-2024
The parameters to be specified in the “Goal Seek” dialog box are stated as follows:
• Set cell–In this box, enter the cell reference of the formula to be resolved.
This is the target cell or the formula cell.
• To value–In this box, enter the desired output to be achieved. This is
the value of the “set cell” to be attained.
• By changing cell–In this box, enter the reference of the input cell
(variable) to be adjusted. This is the cell we want to change in order to
impact the “set cell.”
Note: At a given time, Goal Seek works with only one variable input. For
working with multiple input values, use the solver in Excel.
Question.1
Aryan Ltd. Is trading with generators. The price of each generator is Rs 18,000,
and the quantity sold is 100 pcs. We can see that the company is suffering a loss of
13.8 lacs. It is identified that the maximum price for which a generator can be sold
is Rs. 18000.
Ques. Using Goal seek function, you are required to identify the quantity of
generators that can be sold, which will return the break-even value (No Profit No
Loss). List all the steps with screenshots.
STEPS
STEP 1-Enter the value according to table and use formula given above.
Step 5 - Enter 0 in “To Value” box. Select the cell F3 in “By Changing cell” box.
Step 6 – Press ok . it will automatically replace quantity according to the profit.
INTERPRETATION:
It is found that 185.18 quantities are to be sold to achieve the break even point
i.e., No profit No loss situation.
Question.2
=PMT(B2/12,B3,B1)
Ques. 1. What should be the interest rate if monthly payment is set to 2000?
STEPS:
4. Select the cell C7.
5. Go to Data Tab > What If Analysis > Goal
Seek. The Goal Seek dialog box will appear.
INTERPRETATION:
INTERPRETATION:
The loan amount should be 62070.673 to achieve the monthly payment as 1200.
EXERCISE 2 VLOOKUP HLOOKUP
VLOOKUP Formula
To translate this to simple English, the formula is saying, “Look for this piece of
information, in the following area, and give me some corresponding data from
another column”.
HLOOKUP stands for Horizontal Lookup and can be used to retrieve information
from a table by searching a row for the matching data and outputting from the
corresponding column. While VLOOKUP searches for the value in a column,
HLOOKUP searches for the value in a row.
Formula
Question.1
STEPS:
The drop down list will be created for name of the employees.
6. For Basic Payment, enter the formula
=VLOOKUP(C3,Database,11,FALSE)
=VLOOKUP(C3,Database,12,FALSE)
=VLOOKUP(C3,Database,13,FALSE)
=VLOOKUP(C3,Database,14,FALSE)
=VLOOKUP(C3,Database,16,FALSE)
=VLOOKUP(C3,Database,19,FALSE)
For
=VLOOKUP(C3,Database,21,FALSE)
For
=VLOOKUP(C3,Database,22,FALSE)
For
=SUM(E4:E11)
=VLOOKUP(C3,Database,24,FALSE)
=VLOOKUP(C3,Database,27,FALSE)
=VLOOKUP(C3,Database,25,FALSE)
=VLOOKUP(C3,Database,26,FALSE)
34.In cell E21, enter the formula for NET SALARY AFTER DEDUCTION
35. Net Salary after Deductions will be displayed as:
EXERCISE 3 DATA VALIDATION
Data validation is a feature in Excel which is used to control what users can enter
into a cell. It allows you to dictate specific rules. It also allows users to display a
custom message if users try to enter invalid data.
Settings Tab
The settings tab is where you enter the validation criteria. There are eight options
available to validate for user input:
• List - The user will have to create a drop-down list to choose from.
You can set the input message to explain what data is allowed in a given cell. This
tab is optional.
• Enter a title.
• Check the ‘Show error alert after invalid data is entered’ box.
• Enter a title.
Now, when you try to enter the value beyond the range, you will get an error
message.
Question.1
items.
H. Name of the Bank must be picked from a list of banks (Union Bank,
PNB, SBI, Axis Bank, Canara Bank and others) 1. Create the list of items.
Run the sheet and enter at least 10 rows of data under the above-mentioned
heads.
Values have been entered in 10 rows.
EXERCISE 4 CORRELATION
What is correlation?
Correlation is a statistical measure that expresses the extent to which two variables
are linearly related (meaning they change together at a constant rate). It’s a
common tool for describing simple relationships without making a statement about
cause and effect.
Correlations describe data moving together
Correlations are useful for describing simple relationships among data. For
example, imagine that you are looking at a dataset of campsites in a mountain park.
You want to know whether there is a relationship between the elevation of the
campsite (how high up the mountain it is), and the average high temperature in the
summer.
For each individual campsite, you have two measures: elevation and temperature.
When you compare these two variables across your sample with a correlation, you
can find a linear relationship: as elevation increases, the temperature drops. They
are negatively correlated.
Correlation values can help businesses evaluate the impact of specific actions on
other actions. For example, companies may find that as spending on social media
marketing increases, so does customer engagement, indicating that more spending
might make sense.
Or they may find that specific advertising campaigns result in a correlated decrease
of customer engagement, in turn suggesting the need for a reevaluation of current
efforts. The discovery that variables do not correlate can also be valuable; while
common sense might suggest that a new function or feature in your product would
correlate with increased engagement, it might have no measurable impact.
Correlation analysis allows companies to view this relationship (or lack thereof)
and make sound strategic decisions.
To insert array1 and array2 just select the cell range for both.
Question.1
=CORREL(B5:B9,C5:C9)
2. Press Enter.
3. Enter the formula of correlation
=CORREL(B5:B9,D5:D9)
4. Press Enter.
5. Enter the formula of correlation
=CORREL(B5:B9,E5:E9)
6. Press Enter.
EXERCISE 5 SIMPLE REGRESSION
1. How strong the relationship is between two variables (e.g., the relationship
between rainfall and soil erosion).
2. The value of the dependent variable at a certain value of the independent
variable (e.g., the amount of soil erosion at a certain level of rainfall).
Linear regression is a type of data analysis that considers the linear relationship
between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. It is
typically used to visually show the strength of the relationship or correlation
between various factors and the dispersion of results – all for the purpose of
explaining the behavior of the dependent variable. The goal of a linear regression
model is to estimate the magnitude of a relationship between variables and
whether or not it is statistically significant.
Say we wanted to test the strength of the relationship between the amount of ice
cream eaten and obesity. We would take the independent variable, the amount of
ice cream, and relate it to the dependent variable, obesity, to see if there was a
relationship. Given a regression is a graphical display of this relationship, the
lower the variability in the data, the stronger the relationship and the tighter the fit
to the regression line.
• y is the predicted value of the dependent variable (y) for any given value of
the independent variable (x).
• B0 is the intercept, the predicted value of y when the x is 0.
• B1 is the regression coefficient – how much we expect y to change as x
increases.
• x is the independent variable ( the variable we expect is influencing y).
• e is the error of the estimate, or how much variation there is in our
estimate of the regression coefficient.
Linear regression finds the line of best fit line through your data by searching for
the regression coefficient (B1) that minimizes the total error (e) of the model.
While you can perform a linear regression by hand, this is a tedious process, so
most people use statistical programs to help them quickly analyze the data.
Given the S&P 500 returns, say we want to know if we can estimate the strength
and relationship of Visa (V) stock returns. The Visa (V) stock returns data
populates column 1 as the dependent variable. S&P 500 returns data populates
column 2 as the independent variable.
Question.1
When interpreting the results of multiple regression, beta coefficients are valid
while holding all other variables constant ("all else equal"). The output from a
multiple regression can be displayed horizontally as an equation, or vertically in
table form.
INTERCEPT = 41119.21776
COEFFICIENT = 3.816988178
Model A = 0.62825
Model B = 0.015696
Model C = 0.015588
So, we will exclude Model A from the regression analysis and perform the
regression again.
INTERCEPT = 35196.26124
COEFFICIENTS
MODEL B = 5.416562594
MODEL C = 5.689764974
Outcome 3: Predict monthly cost for 1200 Model A, 800 Model B, 100 C.
=I43+(800*I44)+(100*I45)
INTERPRETATION:
The monthly cost at 1200 Model A, 800 Model B and 100 Model C is found to be
40098.49.
Outcome 4: Predict monthly cost for 1250 Model A, 850 Model B, 150 C.
=I43+(850*I44)+(150*I45)
2. Press Enter.
INTERPRETATION:
The monthly cost at 1250 Model A, 850 Model B and 150 Model C is found to be
40653.8.
A pivot table summarizes the given data set bundled within a grid-like matrix that
helps explore or create reports based on useful information. In particular, it enables
users to extract the data in a customized format (such as reports or dashboards)
from the large, detailed data sets recorded within the Excel sheet.
Unlike the regular Excel reports, the Pivot Tables represent our essential data sets
in an interactive view, allowing us to view our data from a different perspective
with little tricks. We can easily sort & filter data, group data into desired
categories, create charts, break down the data month-wise or year-wise, and
perform complex calculations using various functions or formulas.
The Pivot Table helps us view our data effectively and saves crucial time by
summarizing the data into essential categories. It is a kind of reporting tool and
contains mainly the following four fields:
Following are some of the scenarios when using the Pivot Tables in Excel can be
an effective solution for us:
Limitations of Pivot Charts o Pivot Charts doesn't allow you to create reports
based on Multi-select / Checkbox field types. o Whenever you insert a new field
in an existing Pivot Table for which a Pivot Chart has already been created,
Excel will automatically add the new field in the last column. It is impossible to
change this order or make the added field (column) appear somewhere in the
middle of the remaining columns.
In your dataset, 213 records and 6 fields are given i.e., Order ID, Product,
Category, Amount, Date and Country. (File – T7 Pivot Chart and Table
213.slxs)
Outcome 1: Find sum of amount of each type of eatable being sold by the
enterprise.
Steps:
The resulting Pivot table will display the sum of amount of each type of eatable
being sold by the enterprise.
Outcome 2: Find sale of each type of eatable in Canada, Germany and United
States by using filters.
The resulting Pivot Table will display the sale of each eatable in Canada.
5. In the cell J3, select “Germany” from the drop down menu.
The resulting Pivot Table will display the sale of each eatable in Germany.
6. In the cell J3, select “United States” from the drop down menu.
The resulting Pivot Table will display the sale of each eatable in United States.
Outcome 3: Find out the highest sold fruit irrespective of its country.
Steps:
The resulting Pivot table will display the count of fruits sold irrespective of the
country.
Interpretation:
It can be concluded that highest sold fruit is “Banana” whose sold count is 71.
Outcome 4: Change summary calculation and find how many orders of
apple have been received from Canada?
Steps:
The resulting Pivot Table will display the number of orders of apple that have been
received from Canada.
Interpretation:
It can be concluded that 6 orders of apple have been received from Canada.
Outcome 5: Prepare a Pivot Chart (Bar Chart) showing sum of amount
as per each eatable (both fruits and vegetables).
The resulting Pivot table will display the sum of amount of each eatable.
c. In the Insert Tab, Click on Pivot Chart > Bar Chart.
d. Click OK.
The Pivot Chart showing the sum of amounts of each eatable is as follows:
T-8 IQR OUTLIER
OUTLIERS:
An outlier is an extremely high or extremely low data point relative to the nearest
data point and the rest of the neighbouring co-existing values in a data graph or
dataset you're working with.
Outliers are extreme values that stand out greatly from the overall pattern of values
in a dataset or graph.
Significance of Outliers:
• Outliers badly affect mean and standard deviation of the dataset. These may
statistically give erroneous results.
• Outliers are highly useful in anomaly detection like fraud detection where
the fraud transactions are very different from normal transactions.
1. Sorting Method
You can sort quantitative variables from low to high and scan for extremely low
or extremely high values. Flag any extreme values that you find.
This is a simple way to check whether you need to investigate certain data
points before using more sophisticated methods.
2. Using visualizations
You can use software to visualize your data with a box plot, or a box-
andwhisker plot, so you can see the data distribution at a glance. This type of
chart highlights minimum and maximum values (the range), the median, and
the interquartile range for your data. Many computer programs highlight an
outlier on a chart with an asterisk, and these will lie outside the bounds of
the graph.
The interquartile range (IQR) tells you the range of the middle half of your
dataset. You can use the IQR to create “fences” around your data and then
define outliers as any values that fall outside those fences.
IQR is used to measure variability by dividing a data set into quartiles. The
data is sorted in ascending order and split into 4 equal parts. Q1, Q2, Q3
called first, second and third quartiles are the values which separate the 4
equal parts.
This method is helpful if you have a few values on the extreme ends of your
dataset, but you aren’t sure whether any of them might count as outliers.
2. Identify the first quartile (Q1), the median, and the third quartile (Q3).
6. Use your fences to highlight any outliers, all values that fall outside your
fences.
Your outliers are any values greater than your upper fence or less than your
lower fence.
Ques. Identify three data sets (File – T8) and analyze in order to find the
following outcomes:
Data Set 1
Outcome 1: Find Upper and Lower Fence
A2:A16
5. Q1 will be calculated as : 6.
6. Calculate Q3 using the formula
=QUARTILE.EXC(A2:A16,3)
7. Q3 will be calculated as : 39
8. Calculate IQR using the formula
=(E6-E4)
9. IQR will be calculated as : 33
=E6+(1.5*E8)
=E4-(1.5*E8)
13.Lower Fence will be calculated as : -43.5
INTERPRETATION:
UPPER FENCE = 88.5
1. Find out whether the value is an outlier or not by using the formula:
=OR(A2>$E$10,A2<$E$12)
Steps –
INTERPRETATION:
UPPER FENCE = 48
Data Set 2
A2:A18
=QUARTILE.EXC(A2:A18,1)
5. Q1 will be calculated as : 6.
6. Calculate Q3 using the formula
=QUARTILE.EXC(A2:A18,3)
7. Q3 will be calculated as : 25
8. Calculate IQR using the formula
=(E6-E4)
=E6+(1.5*E8)
=E4-(1.5*E8)
5. Find out whether the value is an outlier or not by using the formula:
=OR(A2>$E$10,A2<$E$12)
6. TRUE / FALSE value will be shown.
Outcome 3: Remove Outlier and find both the fences in order to find outliers.
Steps –
UPPER FENCE = 49
Data Set 3
A2:A21
2. Under Data tab, click on sort option.
3. Click ok.
Data is sorted from low to high.
4. Calculate Q1 using the formula
=QUARTILE.EXC(A2:A21,1)
5. Q1 will be calculated as : 29.5.
=QUARTILE.EXC(A2:A21,3)
7. Q3 will be calculated as : 96.75
=(E6-E4)
9. IQR will be calculated as : 67.25
(1.5*IQR)
=E6+(1.5*E8)
11.Upper Fence will be calculated as : 197.625
(1.5*IQR)
=E4-(1.5*E8)
13.Lower Fence will be calculated as : -71.375
INTERPRETATION:
1. Find out whether the value is an outlier or not by using the formula:
=OR(A2>$E$10,A2<$E$12)
Outcome 3: Remove Outlier and find both the fences in order to find outliers.
Steps –
1. Remove the outliers – 289 and 355 from the data set.
2. The new Upper and Lower fences are calculated as:
INTERPRETATION:
3. Drill into detail.- But, having all-in-one does not means the absence of
details. Dashboards are developed with the ability to get as deeper in
information as required by simply selecting the desired variable or object.
The dashboard method of reviewing details and viewing the status of operations
provides a significant opportunity to make your business more efficient and
quicker to respond to issues and opportunities.
In computing, Google Dashboard lets users of the Internet view and manage
personal data collected about them by Google. With an account, Google Dashboard
allows users to have a summary view of their Google+, Google location history,
Google
web history, Google Play apps, YouTube and more. Once logged in, it summarizes
data for each product the user uses and provides direct links to the products. The
program allows setting preferences for personal account products.
Two step verification, web history, location history, and preferences are available
for all applications.
USAGE
To access, users sign into a Google account with username and password. Once
signed in, select Google account settings option in top right corner of the web page
and then click on the Dashboard link titled View data stored with the account.
After verifying account password, users can view Dashboard organized according
to the products of use. From Dashboard, users will also be able to view data
associated with the account.
Some applications link to new sections, while other settings stay within the page.
The user also has access, from the dashboard, to special settings. Two-step
verification is an example of this, which requires a verification code to be entered
that is sent to the user's phone when logging into a new machine and everytime
cookies are cleaned.
PURPOSE
The main purpose of Google Dashboard was that people would have a central
location to see what data has been collected about them. Google Dashboard also
provides users with a way to manage their account for each service they use. Links
are located next to each service, meaning that if a user wanted to manage their
Gmail account, a direct link to their account management page will be located in
their Google Dashboard. Using that link will enable users to manage their privacy
settings or sharing options on the video site. Google Dashboard enables users to
gain access to the company's most often used services, such as Google+, Google
search, Google Maps, YouTube and many more. These items are all supported by
Dashboard and as the user scroll through them, Dashboard displays all the account
settings for each service and any recent activity. For example, Dashboard will
show appointments on the Google Calendar, messages in the Gmail inbox, recently
shared or viewed documents from Google Docs, and status in Google Chat, among
other updates.
If a user is uncomfortable with the presence of their Google web history, they can
remove specific items or clear the entire history using their Google
Dashboard. Every service listed in a user's Dashboard also includes a link to that
service's privacy policies.
Outcome 1: Draw a pie chart of male and female recruits in the organization.
=INDEX(J2:J101,MODE.SNGL(MATCH(J2:J101,J2:J101,0)))
3. Press Enter.
Interpretation:
It can be concluded that Hadiya Hetal S. is the manager who has the highest
number of employees under hims.
EXERCISE 10 POWER BI
What is Microsoft Power BI?
Microsoft Power BI is a business intelligence (BI) platform that provides
nontechnical business users with tools for aggregating, analyzing, visualizing
and sharing data. Power BI's user interface is fairly intuitive for users familiar
with Excel, and its deep integration with other Microsoft products makes it a
versatile self-service tool that requires little upfront training.
Users can download an application for Windows 10, called Power BI Desktop, and
native mobile apps for Windows, Android and iOS devices. There is also Power
BI Report Server for companies that must maintain their data and reports on
premises. That version of Power BI requires a special version of the desktop app --
aptly called Power BI Desktop for Power BI Report Server.
The data models created from Power BI can be used in several ways for
organizations, including the following:
The different components of Power BI are meant to let users create and share
business insights in a way that fits with their role.
Included within Power BI are several components that help users create and share
data reports. Those are the following:
Note:
1. All five outcomes are to be shown on single screen.
2. The color contrast is to be added to make your visualization
more creative and clearer.
The resulting card will show the total sales with rounded border.
Outcome 2: Draw a bar chart showing sum of total revenue as per each channel
of distribution.
The resulting bar chart will show the sum of total revenue as per each channel
of distribution.
Outcome 3: Draw a Donut chart depicting sum of unit cost by warehouse code.
1. Click on Donut Chart option.
Outcome 4: Outline the count of order quantity by month by using funnel tool.
The resulting funnel chart will show the count of order quantity.
The resulting table will show the sum of unit price on monthly basis.
Colour contrasts are added.