SECTION A CHAPTER

1
RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

About the Chapter

Relotion: If A and B are two non-empty sets, then any Types of Relation :
subset Rof AxBis called a relation from setA to set B. 1. Reflexive Relation: A relation R on set A is called
ie., R:ABRCAxB reflexive, if every element of set A is related to
We also write it as R = {(a, b) eA xB,a eA, b e B) itself by relation R.
27A * B)
Number of relations from A to B =
(a, a) e R for each a eR
= 2n{A) x n(B)
2. Symmetric Relation: A relation R on set A is called
a symmetric relation if and only if
Empty and Universal Relation: A relation R in a set A is
(a, b) e R (b, a) e R when a, beA.
called empty relation, if no element of A is related to
any element of A
I REMARK I
ie., R=CAxA. If R=R then relation is called symmetric.
Arelation R in a sét A is called universal relation if each IFR isa singleton setthen it is always transitive.
element of A is related to every element of A. I f R is a null set o then it is symmetric as well
as transitive
R AxA. The smallest reflexive relation is called
Domain and Range of a Relation: IfR is any relation from
the
identity relation.
set A to set B, then
3. Anti-symmetric Relation: A relation R on set A is
(i) Domain of R is the set of all first co-ordinates of
said to be anti-symmetric if and only if
elements of R.
(a, b) e R and (b, a) eR
(i) Range of R is the set of all second co-ordinates of
a = b, where a, b eA
R. All the elements of set B are called co-domain.
4. Transitive Relation: Arelation R on set Ais said to
Inverse ofa Relation: Let R {(a, b) : a eA, b eB} be be transitive if and only if
a relation from set A into set B. Then the inverse of R a, b) e R and (b, c) eR
is defined by (a, c) =R,where a, b, ceA
R ={b, a) : a eA,b e B} 5. Identity Relation : A relation l on set A is called
which is a relation from set B into set A. identity relation if
Domain of R = {b, b e B} = Range of R. A((a,a):a eA}
Range of R = {a, a e A} = Domain of R. Therefore, every element of A is related to itself by
the relation l4
 MATHEMATICS Class XII
VATSAL ISc QUESTION BANK of
2
fx) =ftr2) >*1 =*2 then f is called a one-one
RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS 3

Equivalence
Relation: A relation R
on
set A is 4. Let A{1, 2, 3} and consider the relation R {(1, 1), 12. Let
6.
relation, if
function.
(2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3), (1, 3)), then
=
f :R -

{b} > R be a function defined by

called an equivalence R is
for each a E A, (a, a) e R. Many-one Function: A function f:A B, other fx) = _ where a b. Thenf ) is
(i) R is reflexive iLe., (a) reflexive but not symmetric
beA, if (a, b) than one-one function is called a many-one
Rissymmetricie., each a,
for
(i) (b) reflexive but not transitive (a) one-one onto (b) one-one into
function.
eR (b, a) R. e
c)symmetric and transitive (c) many-one onto (d) many-one into
(ii) R is transitive ie., for each a, b, c e A, 3. Onto Function (Surjective Function) If the (d) neither symmetric nor transitive 13. A mapping from N>N is defined as fn) =
(n +
5),
R, (6, c) ¬R (a, c) e R. functionf :A > B is such that each element of
if(a, b) e

Relation:
5. Letf: R>R be defined by neN.Then
7. Equivalence Classes of an Bquivalence B is the image of at least one element of A. (a) f is not one-to-one
Let R be an equivalence relation in a non-empty ie., fA) = B Range of f = Co-domain of f 2x, x> 3
(b)fis onto
set A. Let A. Then the equivalence class of a
a e from A into B. f)=x, 1<xs3 )fis both one-to-one and onto
denoted by la] = {* e A: xRa} ie., fx eA: («, a) (d)fis one-one but not onto
A function which is not onto is called the into 3x, x1
E R} is deñned as the set of all those points of A, function. 14. If A = (1, 2, 3} and B = {a, b} then total number of
which are related to 'a under the relation R. Thenf(-1) +f(2) +f(4) is
lI NOTE IR (a) 9 (b) 1
functions from A to B is
Here, for any a e A, a e lal. Also, for any (a) 8 (b) 6
a, b eA, either [a] n b] = ô or [a]= b]. 1. Total number of relations from a setA consisting of (c) 5 (d) none of these (c) 9 d) 16
The collection of all equivalence classes form a m elements to a set B consisting of n elements is 6. The function flx)
(x-2)x-3) is
: R> R defined by fc) =
(x -

1) 15. The function f: R-> R given byf{x) =3 -

2 sin x is
parition of set A. 2 mn (a) one-one (6) onto
2. Total number of functions from A to B = n" (a) one-one but not onto
Function: Let A and B be any two non-empty sets, then e) bijection (d) none of these
3. Total number functions (b) onto but not one-one
the rule between the elements of A and B is called a
of one-one from| (c) both one-one and onto 16. What is the range
function from A to B, if to each element of A, there
A to B
(d) neither one-one nor onto
of the function fr) =_
"Cmx m! n2 m
correspondence exactly one element of B. Set A is
n <n
The relation R in R defined as R = {(a, b) : a s b°y a) 1, 2 (b){1,-1}
called the domain of the functionfand set B is known Then R is (c) {1, 0 (d) -1, 0}
4. Total number of one-one and onto function from A to | (a) reflexive but not symmetric 17. A relation from A to B is
as its co-domain. The set of values of set B which are
B (bijective) (6) neither reflexive nor symmetric nor transitive (a) a universal set of A xB
actually taken by the function f is called the range
n! m = n (c) symmetric and transitive (b) A xB
(images of elements of A in B) of the function. The 0 m#n (d) reflexive but not transitive (c) an equivalent set of A x B
range is denoted by flA). 8. Let A = R-{3) and B =R- {1}. Letf:A -> B is defined
(d) a subset of A x B
The functionf from A to B is denoted byf: A B . 5. Total number of many-one functions from A to B
=n"-"Pmn 2m. by fx)= xeR. Choose the correct answer. 18. Which of the following is not an equivalent relation
Range of f. FA) = {F«) :x EA}. x-
6. Let A = {1, 2, 3, , n} and B = {a, b} in Z
Number of surjections = 2" - 2 (a) fis injective (b) fis surjective
Types of Function: .
(a) aRb a +b is an even integer
1. One-one Function (lnjective Function) : A function ()fis bijective (d) none of these (b) aRb a -b is an even integer
9. Let R be the relation on the set R of all real numbers
f:A > B is such that distinct elements of A 4. Bijective Function: A function f: A > B is called (e) aRb a <b
have distinct images of B. ie., if X1, X2 ¬ A and bijective, iff is both one-one and onto.
defined by aRb
if Ja b| s1. -

Then Ris d) aRb a =b

(a) reflexive and symmetric (b) symmetric only
9. LetA ={1, 2, 3). Then number ofequivalence relaton
(c) transitive only (d) none of these
containing (1, 2) 15
10. Let S be the set of real numbers. Then the relation
(b) 2
MOST EXPECTED MCQS R= {(a, b):1 +ab> 0} on Sis
(a) reflexive and symmetric but not transitive
(a) 1
(c) 3 (d) 4

2. If R be the relation in the set N given by R = {(a, b)

(6) reflexive and transitive but not symmetric 20. LetA (1, 2,
=
3). Then number of reladons containing
(1, 2) and (1, 3) which are reflexive and symmetric
(c) symmetric and transitive but not reflexive
Set- (d) reflexive, symmetric and transitive
but not transitive is
Choose the correct answer from the given four options in a =b-2, b> 6}, then 11. Let a relation R on the set N of natural numbers be (a) 1 (b) 2
each of the (a) (2, 4) ER (b) (3, 8) E R
folowing questions from
1. Let R be the relation in the set
1 to 35 (MCOs) (c) (6, 8) eR (d) (8, 7) R defined as x * 4xy + 3y° 0 Vx,y e N. The
cRy
- =
(c)3 (d) 4
{1, 2, 3, 4} given by 21. Let A = {1,2,3). Then number of relations containing
R= {(1,2), (2, 2), (1, 1), (4, 4), 3. If R be the relation in the set (1, 2, 3} given by relation is
(1, 3), (3, 3),3, 2)). (1, 2) and (2, 3) which are reflexive and transitive but
Choose the correct answer. R= {(1, 2), (2, 1)}, then (a) reflexive not symmetric is
(a) R is reflexive and symmetric but not transitive (a) R is reflexive but neither symmetric nor transitive (b) symmetric (a) 1 (b) 2
(6) R is reflexive and transitive but not (b) R is symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive
symmetric (c) transitive (c)3 (d) 4
c) R is transitive and
symmetric but not reflexive (c) R is transitive but neither symmetric nor reflexive
(d) an equivalence relation
d) R is an equivalence
relation (d) R is an equivalence relation
 Class XII
VATSAL Isc UESTION BANR ofMATHEMATCS
of the following is
rue?
which one
diainr a the set A =
{1. 2 3} RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
22Te
a)B is an equivalence relaion on R but Ais nor 6. f fl) cos
=
2x, then domain of
5
b) NeitherA nor B is an eguialence relation or fir) is
(c) naither
R one-one nor ont

Boch Aand B are equvalence relaion on R (a-1,1] b)

11.
d) many-one and onto
dAis an equivalence relanon on R but B is nor ffx) =
xi andj: R> R, then
la) f is one-one and onto
33. For real x, letfir) =* +ir 1, then
(b)jis one-one and into
but not onto
7 (a)jis one-one
c) is nether one-one nor on1
b)Fis onto but not one-one
7. lff={(01, 2), (3, 5), 4, 1)} and g= {(2,3). (5, 1), (1, 3)} d) none of these
fis one-one and onto then (gof) is
= {1. 2 - z } to c) 12. 1ffr) {x] andf: R->R. then
=

(d)fis neither one-one nor onto (a) {(3, 1); (1, 3), (3, 4)}
-1 b){(1, 3); (3, 1), (4, 3)} (a)fis one-one and into
(e){(3, 4), 4, 3), (1, 3)} (d) {(2, 5), (5, 2), 1, 5)} bfis many-one and onto
IT)
34.
Tñe range of
=

{1, 2. 3} o X =
3 is
25 The s e d reieions from set A =

8. Iff: R>R", theny = ës c)fis one-one and onto

dfis neither one-one nor onto
(a) R (a) many-one and into
S b)R-1) (b) many-one and onto
(dR--1} (c) one-one and into d) one-one and onto
13. Letf: N N and fln) =
i f is odd n

25 E R - R s d e e d byfir) = Sr-3, zhenfis 35. LetA and B be o

sets, such thatfla, b) (b, a) where =
9.f f: 0, R
j:AxB->8xA, then fis iven by sin i
2 s even
=
x and
(a) one-one b) onto
(c) one-one and onto (d) none of these 8:0 R given by gx) = cos x, then which Then,fis
(a) one-one and into b} one-one and oto
Set-ll c) many-one and into d) many-one and oato
of the following is incorect
F:R-Rs inei byf)=x. thenfis Choose the correct answer from the
given four options 14. Iffc) =x and f: R> R, then
each of the
in (a) f and g are one-one
following questions from 1 to 15 (MCQs)
(b)f and g are not one-one
(a)j is one-one and onto
1. If relation R
a is a set A is (b)j is many-one and into
s - e bar zot oaro an
empry relation, then c)j+g is not one-one
c)jis neither one-one nor onto
(a)oEAxA b) oDA xA (d) none of these
(d)fis one-one
and into
23. fRRis deced byf)=1 -x, ihenfis (c) o=A xA (d) none of these 1, if x > O 15. IfR= {(a, b) : a =b} for alla, b
10.
Thefuncionf: R>Rdefined by f(x) =
0 , if x =0 following is correct ?
eNthen which of the
2.
Efx , thenf) is (-1, if x < 0 (a) R is reflexive
(b) R is reflexive and
d j s nebe one-one nor onto (a) b)x-1
(a) one-one and onto
symmeric
29. Let R be relaios on N defined by x - 2y = 8. The (cx (d) none of these c)Ris reflexive, synmetric and Tansitive
(b) one-one and into
domain oi R is (d) R is not reflexive, symmetric and ransitive
3. Iff:RR andfo) = 2x+3, thenffo) is
a {24. 5 b) {2.4, 6
e (2 4.6. 8 d2.4,8, 10} (a) 2y-3
(6-3
30. Ff:R Ris defined byf (x) coS x, T r e R, zhenf
talfis one-one oaro
=

e-3 (d) none of these

Read the cases
CASE-BASED MCQs
f i s many one onto
given below and answer the following Let / be the set of all citizens of India who were eligible to
questions exercise their voting right in general election held in 2019.
ci j is one-ODE b t o t onto
4. If flx) = ,then domain of f ) is A relation R' is defined on I as follows
idfis neither one-one nor onto
Case1
Lok Sabha is a gigantic exercise. About
R {(V1, V2): V1. V2 el and both
usetheir voting rightin
31. f: RRis defined by fix) =X], * xe R, thenfis (a) (-1, 1) (b)-1, 1]|
Ageneralelection ofwere eneral election- 2019}
(a)f is one-one onto million people toeligible
and voter turnout
vote
was about 67%, the highest ever 1. Two neighbours X and Y « I. X exercised his voting
(6)j is many one ontO )-1,1]-{0} d) none of these
right while Y did not cast her vote in general election
c)fis one-one but not onto 5. Iffc) cos (3x- 1), then domain of f)Dis
=

(d)fis neither one-one nor onto ONE NATION -2019. Which ofthe following is true?
32. Let R be the real line. Consider (a ONE ELECTION (a) (X, Y) E R b) (Y, X) ER
the following subsets (c) (X, X) eR (ä) A, ) ER
of the plane R x R FESTIVAL OF
A DEMOCRACY 2. Mr. X and his wife W both exercised their voting
=
{,y):y =x - 1 and 0 < x< 2}
B={(x. y):r-y is an integer} (d) none of these GENERAL ELECTION- NYVOTE right in general election-2019. Which of the following
2019 NYVOICE true?
 Class XII
VATSAL ISC QUESTION
BANK of MATHEMATICS RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
(b) 2 4. Let R :B> G be
a))62 a12 defined by R {(b1, 8), (b,, g),
(a) Both (X, W) and (W, X)
E R (d) 2
(b3.81)), then R is_ 4. Letf: R-> R
be defined by So) =x-4. Then the range
6 of f(x) is
(b) CX, W) eR but (W,X)
«R
relation on B defined by R =
{(1, 2), (2, 2), (a) injective
3. Let R be a
(a) R
(c) Both (X, W) and (W,
X) « R
(1, 3), (3, 4), (3, 1), (4, 3), (5, 5)). Then R is (b) surjective (b) 2
(b) reflexive (c) neither surjective (c) W (d) Q
« R
(d) (W, X) E R but (X, W) (a) symmetric nor
injective
(d) none of these (d) surjective and 5.
3. Three friends F, F2
and Fa exercised their voting right (c) transitive injective Let R= {(L1, L2): Lj is parallel to L2 and L:y= 4 x -

then which of the following then which of the following

in general election 2019, 4. Raji know the number of relations possible
wants to 5. Ravi wants to find the number of can be taken as L2?
s true? from A to B. How many numbers of
relations are
from B to G. How many numbers of injective functions (a) 2x 2y +5 - 0 (b) 2x+y -s
eR and (Fi, Fa) e R are possible?
injective functions (c) 2x +2y +7 0 (d)x+y = 7
(a) (F1, F2) eR, (F2, Fa) possible?
eR and (F1, F3) « R (a) 6 (b) 2 a) 0
(b) (F1, F2) eR, (F2, F3) d) 24
(h) 2
Case 5
eR but (Fa, Fa) e R (c) 6 (c).3
)F, F2) e R, (F2, F2) {(1, 1),(1, 2), (2, 2),
Rajl visited the exhibition along with her family. The
(d) (F, F2) e R, (F2, e
Fa) (F1,
Rand F3) R 5. Let R: B-> B be defined by R =

exhibition had a huge swing, which attracted many children.

4. The above defined'relation R is_ (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5),(6, 6)}, then Ris Case 4 Raji found that the swing traced the path of a parabola as
reflexive (a) symmetric Students of Grade 9, planned to plant saplings
parallel to each other to one side of thealong
transitive but not
(a) symmetric and (6) reflexive and transitive lines, straight given by y =x
(b) universal relation playground
ensuring that they had enough play area. Let us assume
(c) transitive and symmetric
(c) equivalence relation that they planted one of the rows of the
(d) reflexive but not symmetric and transitive (d) equivalence saplings along the
line y X -4. Let L be the set of all lines which are
parallel
5. Mr. Shyam exercised his voting right in General Case 3 on the ground and R be a relation on
L
Mr. Shyam is related to whichAn organisation conducted bike race under 2 dilferent
Election 2019, then 250
and girls. Totally there
were
of the following? categories-boys
three from Category 1
(a) All those eligible voters who cast their votes participants. Among all of them finally Answer the lollowing questions using the above inlormation,
selected for the final race,
(b) Family members of Mr. Shyam and two from Category 2 were 1. Letf: R ->R be defined by ftx) - x is
these participants for his
(c) All citizens of India Ravi forms two sets B and G with (a) neither surjective nor injective
(d) Eligible voters of India college project. (b) surjective
G {81. 82} where B represents the
Let B {b1, b2, b3}, (e) injective
Case 2 set of boys selected and G the set of girls who
were selected
l) bijective
Sherlin and Danju are playin8 Ludo at home aurnng for the final race.
2. letf: N N be defined
Covid-19. While rolling the dice, Sherlin's sister Raji
Answer the
by flx)is
observed and noted the possible outcomes of the throw
following using the above information. (a)
surjective but not injective
Let A be the 1. Let relation R be defined by R (h) surjective
every time belongs to set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. (L, Lg): L, llL2 where
=

set of players while B be the set of all possible outcomes. L, L2 e L} then R is relation. (e) injective
A = {S, D), B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} (a) equivalence d) bijective
3.
(b) only reflexive Let S: {1, 2, 3, ... {(1, 4, 9, ....) be defined by
(c) not reflexive Sx)xis .

Ravi decides to explore these sets lor various types of (a) bijective
(d) symmetric but not transitive
relations and functions. (b)
2. Let R= ((L1, L2):
surjective but not injective
1. Ravi wishes to possible from B to
form all the relations 1 L L2 where Ly, L2 e L} which of (c) injective but surjective
G. How many such relations are possible? the following is true?
(a) R is symmetric but neither rellexive nor transitive (d) neither surjective nor injective
(a) 2 (b) 2"
4. Let N-> R be defined
(c) 0 (l) 2 (b) R is reflexive and transitive but not
symmetric by fx) =.Range of the
function among the following is
(e) R is rellexive but neither symmetric nor transitive
2. Let R: B-> B be defined by R= {%, y):X and y are (a) (1, 4,9, 16,...) (h)(1,4,8, 9, 10,..)
students of same sex). Then this relation R is_ () R is an equivalence relation
1. Let R: B->B be defined by R = ((x, y): y is divisible (e) 1,4,9, 15, 16,.. d) (1,4,8, 16,..)
(a) equivalence 3. The
function f: R R defined
byx} is by fx) =

x -

4
5. The functionf:
Z->Z definedby fx)-is
(b) reflexive only S
(a) reflexive and transitive but not symmetric (c) reflexive and symmetric but not transitive (a) neither injective nor surjective
(a) bijective
(b) reflexive and symmetric and not transitive (d) reflexive and transitive but not symmetric (b) injective
(b) surjective but not injective
(e) not reflexive but symmetric and transitive 3. Ravi wants to know among those relations, how many (e) injective but not surjective (c) surjective
(d) equivalence
functions can be formed from B to G? (d) neither surjective nor injective (d) bijective
2. Raji wants to know the number of functions from A to
(a)2 (b) 22
B. How many number of functions are possible?
() 3 )2
 Class XII

VATSAL Isc QUESTION

BANK ofMATHEMATICS RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS 9
8 8. If
the set A contains 5 elements and the set B contains
6 elements, then the number (c)gof- (d) gof
of one-one and onto
NCERT EXEMPLAR QUESTIONS mappings from A to B is
(a) 720
120
15. Letf: R - R be definedby f (x) =
(c) 0
d) none of these Then
Set-1 9. Let A {1,2,3, n} and B {a, b}. Then
=

(a)f x) =fx)
Set-l
given four options in
out of the
..

of surjections from A into B is

=
the number (6fx) -f)
in Choose the correct answer
from the given tour options
(a)"P2 c) (fof)x= -x
Choose the correct
answer
each of the questions from 1 to 20 (MCQs). (b) 2"-2
each of the questions
1 to 8 (MCQs).
1. Let T be the set of all triangles in the Euclidean plane,
(c) 2"-1 (d) none of these
the set N of natural
numbers 16. Let f : [0, 1]> I0, 1] be defined by
relation
1. Let R be a
on
Then R is and let a relation R on T be defined as aRb if a is 10. Letf: R>R be defined by f (x) v R. =
x e Then s rational
defined by nRm if n
divides m.
SCx)- * x Then (fof) x is
congruent to b V a, be T. Then R is fis |1- x, if x is irrational
(a) reflexive and symmetric
(a) reflexive but not transitive (a) one-one (a) constant b) 1+X
(b) transitive and symmetric (b) onto
(b) transitive but not symmetric ) bijective (d) f is not defined (c) x (d) none of these
(e) equivalence
11.
(d) reflexive, transitive but not symmetric (c) equivalence Letf:R>Rbe defined byf x)=3x-S and g:R-> Rby 17. Let f :[2, o) » R be the function defined by
the of all straight lines in a plane. &)= ftx) = x - 4x+ 5, then the range off is
2. Let L denote set
by lRm if and only if l is
(d) none of these
Then gof
l+ x2 Ien
gof is
Let a relation R be defined 2. Consider the non-empty set consisting of children
in a (a) R (b) [1, )
Vl, m VL. Then R is
perpendicular to m

(b) symmetric family and a relation R defined as aRb if a is brother n) 3x b) 3x-5 (c) [4, oo) d I5, o)
(a) reflexive 9x" - 30x + 26
of b. Then R is
(c) transitive
(d) none of these
(a) symmetric but not transitive
9x-6x +26 18. Letf: N->R be the function defined by f ) =
3. Let N be the set of natural numbers and the function 2

S:N->N be defined byf (n) 2n + 3 Vn e N. Thenf is

=
(b) transitive but not symmetric c)
x" + 2x - 4
(d) 3x and g Q R be another function defined by
(a) surjective (b) injective (c) neither symmetric nor transitive 9x +30x -2 gx) = **+ 2. Then (gof) is
(c) none of these (d) both symmetric and transitive 12. Which of the (a) (b)
(c) bijectivec
3. The maximum number of equivalence relations on the
following functions from Z into Z are

4. Set A has 3 elements and the set B has 4

elements. bijections?
(a) fx) = x
(d) none of these
Then the number of injective mappings that can
be set A = {1, 2, 3} are (b)flx) = x+2 2
(b) 2 (c)Sx) = 2x +1
defined from A to B 1s a) d)fr) =x*+1 2x if x >3
(a) 144 (b) 12 (c) 3 (d) 5 13. Letf: R>R be the functions defined by fX) =* + 5.
)24 (c) 64 4. If a relation R on the set ({1, 2, 3} be defined by Thenf "(x) is
19. Letf: R->R be defined by fx) x if 1< x
s3
5. Letf: R->R be defined by f (x) = sin x and g : R>R R= {(1, 2)}, then R is 1 Bx if X T

be defined by g (x) = x, then fog is (a) reflexive (b) transitive (a) (x +5)3 (b) (x - 5)3

(a) x sin x (b) (sin x)s (e) symmetric (d) none of these Then
(a) 9
(-1) +f(2) +S(4)is
Let us define a relation R in R as aRb if a2 b. Then (c) (5 x)3 (b) 14
(d) 5- x
(c) sin x (d) (c) 5 (d) none of these
R is
14. Letf:A->B and g:B->C be the bijective functions. 20. Letf: R->R be given byfx) = tan x. Thenf "(1) is
(a) an equivalence relation
6. Letf: R >R be defined by f() 3r-4. Thenf () (b) reflexive, transitive but not symmetric Then (gofis (a) (b) {na+:ne Z}
is given by
(c) symmetric, transitive but not reflexive (a)fog (b) fog
+4 (d) neither transitive nor reflexive but symmetric (c) does not exist (d) none of these
(a) (b) 4
3 6. Let A = (1, 2, 3} and consider the relation R = {1, 1),
(e) 3x+4 (d) none of these (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3), (1,3)). Then R is
7. Letf: R->R be defined byf (x) =x+ 1. Then, pre-
images of 17 and -3, respectively, are
(a) reflexive but not symmetric
(b) reflexive but not transitive
PREVIOUS YEARS ISC (XID QUESTIONS
(c) symmetric and transitive
(a) . 14,-4} (b) (3, 3), 1. The binary operation *
: R x R » R is defined 3. If f
(c) {4,-4}, d)(4, 4), (2, -2)
(d) neither symmetric nor transitive a *b 2a +b. Find (2 * 3) *4.
as
R> R, f(x) =* and g(x) : R > R +R, g(x)
7. The element for the (2018] 2x + 1, and R is the set of real numbers, then find
8. For real numbers x and y, definexRy if and only if identity binary operaion 2. Iff:A >A fog(x) and gof(x).
X-y+ w2 is an irrational number. Then the relation
and A=R- {8/5), show that the function 2019]
definedon Q-(0)as ab a , beQ = -
10} is Sx) - Sx3 is one-one onto. Hence, find f . 4. Determine whether the binary operationan R
defined by a*b = |a - b| is commutative. Also, find
R is 5x - 8
(a) 1 (b) 0 the value of (-3) *2.
(a) reflexive (b) symmetric
(2019 (2020]
(c) transitive (d) none of these (c) 2 (d) none of these
 10 VATSAL ISC QUESTION BANK ofMATHEMATICS Class XlI RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
Let
(11. E N, then aRa
ANSWER
|OOL SHEET o-4of
Thus R is reflexive.
+30 0.
20. Relation containing (1, 2) and (1, 3) and is reflexive should
be R= {{1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 3), (1, 2)}
To make it synmetric we have
Case-3 1a X2 -a
MOST EXPECTED MCQs Set- 4. 5. (a) 12. fx)=fxz) R= {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 1), (1, 3), (3, 1})(09
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (d) (b) X1 -b X2 - b
. (a) 5. (a) This is not transitive because (2, 1), (1, 3) e R but
(b) 2. (c) 3. (b)
8. 9. (a) 10. (a) Case-4 X1 =X2 hence f{x) is one-one. (2, 3) R.
6. (b) (b) (c)
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (a) Hence only relation which is retlexive and symmetric but
12. 13. (d) 14. (a) 15. (d) Let f(x) = =
11. (a) (b)
19. (b) 20. (a) X-b not transitive is given by ().
16. () 17. d) 18. (c) Case-5
5. 21. Reflexive relation containing (1, 2), (2, 3) is
22. (b) 23. (b) 24 (c) 25. (b) 1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (a) (a) by b{y
+ a) ab
21. (c) b- R= ((1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3)}
28. (d) 29 (b) 30. (d) y+a y+a y +a
26. (a) 27. (d) NCERT EXEMPLAR QUESTIONS Set- For every y
y +a
To make it transitive we add (1, 3). Then
33. 4. 35. (c) e R, R-{b}.
31. (d) 32. (a) (c) (C)
(d) 2. (b) 3 b) . (c) 5. (c)
x g
Thus flx) is into. R1 {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3), (1, 3))
Set-1 6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (a) 13. For n, na e
N,n1) =(n1 5)', Sna) (n^ + 5)'.
+ =
Other reflexive and transitive but not syrmmetric relations
(a) 2. C) (b) 4. (c) 5. (b) fni) =S02) n1n2. Thus mapping is one-one. re

9. (b) 10.
Set-ll Letfn) = (n +5) = y where y e N, then n = tyy -5.
6. (b) 7 b) 8. (d) (c) R2 = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3), (1, 3), (2, 1))
. (c) 2. (b) 3. (d) (b) 5. (b)
11. (c) 2. (d) 13. (d) 14. (a) 15. (d) R-((1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3), (1, 3), (3, 2).
5. (a) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (d) For y to be a natural number, n may or may not De d

CASE-BASED MCQs Case-1 14. (a) 15. (a) natural number. 22. Therequired relations are
11. (a) 12. (b) 13. (b)
. (d) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (a) Thus given function is not onto. R ((1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 1)}
16. (c) 17. (b) 18. (d) 19. (a) 20. (b)
R2 (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 1), (1, 3), (3, 1), (2, 3),
Case-2 14. Total number of functions from A to B = 2' = 8.
(3, 2)).
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (d) (b)
15. fx)=f) sin X1 =

sin x 23. 4x3x 2x 1=24.

1nT+(-1)" x 24. n places are to be filled from n objects with no place
where =0, 1, 2, 3, Thus flx) is not
n
one-one remaining unoccupied
HINTS&SOLUTIONS
.

Further let fx) =y 3-2 sin x =y =nx (n- 1) x (n - 2) x {n - 3) x. 4x3x2 x 1 = n.

7. For every o e R, (a, o) e R as a s b, hence R is not x = sin

MOST EXPECTED MCOs Set- 25. Number of relations = 2 = 8.
reflective.
1. For elements of the setA ={1, 2, 3, 4), (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), For (o, b) e R where a sb', (b, a) R, hence R is not 26. x)=fxa) 5x 3 =5x2+3
t
For y e R, x is not necessarily a real number. Thus f{x) is
(4, 4) e R hence R is reflexive. symmetric. XX2. Thusfx) is one-one.
not onto,
For (1, 2) E R, (2, 1) e R, hence R is not symmetric. Also for (o, b), (b, c) e R, (a, c) « R.
Further let flx) = 5x + 3 = y, then x =
For no (a, b), (b, c) e R, (a, c) g R. Thus R is transitive. 8. Axi)=fa) > x =X2 So that fix) is one-one.
16. fflx)=-1
tx)=-1
2. Forb=7,8,..,0=5, 6, 7, . . Let flx) = =y then x = For all y e R, x E R, hence flx) is onto.
Thus R= (5, 7), (6, 8), (7, 9), ..) X 3 y-1
Clearly (6, 8) E R.
For all x> 1, flx) = ) 27.fx)=fA) xi-x
Forevery yeR-{1},xE R, hence fx) is onto. X 2 = t X1, i.e.,fx) is many one.
3. For elements of the set A =
(1, 2, 3 Thus fx) is one-one onto .e., bijective.
(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3) £ R, hence R is not reflexive. and for all x < 1, fx) = = -1. Further, let f)= x =y =*= tyy x= tyt/y
9. Let set of real numbers is R'.
X-1
For (1, 2) e R, (2, 1) e R and (2, 1) e R, (1, 2) E R. Thus For a e R', la- al = 0<1, hence R is reflexive. For y e R,x may or may not e R. Thusfx) is not onto.
Thus range is (1,-1.
Ris symmetric.
For a, b e R' and la -

bl S1, then |b al -
=
la - b| s1. 28. )=f) X2 =t xsofto) is manyone.
Here (1, 2), (2, 1) e R but (1, 1) R, hence R is not Thus R is symmetric.
17. By definition of relation option (d) is true.
transitive. 10. For a eS, then 1 +a> 0 is true so that R is reflexive.
Further let fx)= 1 +x y, then = x =
tyy- 1
Let a, b e S and 1 + ab>0, then 1+ ba = 1 + ab > 0. Thus 18. Checking (c)
4. (1,1), (2, 2), (3, 3) E R hence R is reflexive. Fory <1,x R, hencefx) is not onto.
Ris symmetric. for a e Z, aRo 0<a not true, hence not reflexive 29. R={(2, 3), (4, 2), (6, 1)) then domain = (2, 4, 6).
(1, 2) e R but (2, 1) e R hence R is not symmetric.
Let a, b, c E Sand 1 + ab > 0, 1+bc> 0 i.e., ab > -1 and so it can not be a reflexive relation.
(1, 2), (2, 3) Ee Rand (1, 3) e Rso that R is transitive. 30. w)=f)
bc>
>-1. 19. The equivalence relations containing (1, 2) are
cOs x=Cos X2
5. -1)+12) +f4) =-3+2° +8 = 9. X22nTt X1 i.e., SX) IS not one-one.
Then multiplying acb°>1 or ac > R=((1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3),(1, 2), (2, 1)} Further let Jx)= cos X=y x= cos "(y)
6. Sincef1) =f2) =
f13) = 0 hence the function is not
For Iyl> 1, x £ R, hence flx) is not onto.
one-one. R2= {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 1), (1, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2),
31. f ) =/%) kl = l
Takingx) =y eR (x-1) (x-2) (x-3) =y or, 1+ ac>1+which may not always be true. (2, 3)
Fory e R, x E R hence fix) is onto. There is no other equivalence relation. X *X2. Thus f{x) is not one-one.

Hence the relation is not transitive.

 MATHEMATICS Class XI
BANK of RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
VATSAL ISC QUESTION 15
14
=16 8. Since n{A) < n{B) so onto
is also 1.
7.
fx) =17 =*+1 mapping cannot be defined from
5. Slopes x-4 is
of y = 1 and that of 2x-2y+5 0 *=+4,
-4 and when flx) = -3 =x*+1 A to B.
18.
gof)= gfw))=o 22x3
xeR, so that xis imaginary. 2
Thus those lines are parallel.
= -4 9. The element d B can be the
e
image of any number Thus none of the given options is true.
Case-5 8. xRx x-x+v2 =v2 of (n- 1) elements in A in
C +" C2 +" C3+ 19. For f-1), the function used will be f)= 3x.
=*2 >x =tx^i.e.,function number. Hence R is
reflexive. +"C1 2 1 ways. Similar number of ways for
-

1. (0f)=fx) which is irrational

is not injective. element b. Total number of way = 2"- 1+2"- 1 Forf2), the function used will be fw)= w.
R, For f4), the function used will be fx)
(i1) When flx)
= x* =
y so that x =
tyy, for y < 0, X 4 Set-II 2-2-2 2"-2. -
2x
aeT then oRa triangle a is congruent to Thus/-1)+2) +14)= -3+4+8-9
hence function is not surjective. 1.
() Let is reflexive. 20. We havefx) = tanx=y x= tan y
Nand itself. This is true, hence relation 10. For x=0 e R, fix)= is not defined.
2. fAx)=fz) =X2 ®M =X^ as X1, X2 E
Tand aRb >triangle a is congruent to i.e.,f (x) =
tan x
is injective (i)Let a, be
is not admissible. Thus fx)
to
-X, triangle b then bRa triangle b is congruent
3. Sx) fx) 2
X number. 1 =X2 as
codomain
trianglea is true. Thus aRb bRa i.e., relation 11. goftx)=gfw)=-3x-5 3x -5 Thenf "(1) = tan (1) =
nm +

is
contains only positive The f(X) one-one.
is symmetric. 1+(3x-5) 9x-30x +26
perfect PREVIOUS YEARS ISC (XI) qUESTIONS
Further fx)=*=y
= y. Since
yis a
(i) Let a, b, ce Tand oRb triangle a is congruent
12. x ) /W2) x+2=*2+ 2
to triangle b. 1. We have,
domain. Thus the relation is onto.
square, thus for all y, x e
totriangle c. 1 X . e , f i s one-one.
and onto, the function is bijective. bRC triangle b is congruent c s
0 b= 2a +b
Being one-one
triangle o is congruent to triangle Now fx) X+ 2ay *= y- 2, fory e 2, X e Z 2 3 2 x 2 +3 = 7
Now aRc
4. As fx) =
x* and domalnis N, then range will be N* Le., true. so that f is onto. (2 3)4= 7 4 -2x 7+4 = 14 + 4 18.
The relation is thus equivalence.
Rangeis (1, 4,9,...). 2. For one-one: If fx)= flx2)
5. ()fx)=/*) x=x2 =txzle,function 2. (1) Let aRb a is brother
then
of b, 8x +38x +3
is not injective. be true (as b
13. )=* +S=y x=(y-5)3,then f (x)=(x-5)3
bRa is also brother of a, may not
i.e., b SX-8 SX2 -8
that tyy, for y < 0, x e R, Thus R is not symmetric.
(i) When fx) x x
may be the sister of a).
=

so
= =
y 14. gof)= gfW)) A-C
aRb =>a is brother of b
and bRc= b is 792 79X1 XX2 one-one
hence function is not surjective. (ii)Let is brother of c is also true og x)=f lo )=f'icB) =A-C
brother of c then oRc i.e., a x=8y
NCERT EXEMPLAR QUESTIONS Set-l Foronto: y= f{x)= 5x- 8 5y- 8
aRb, bRc aRc. Hence the relation is transitive. 3x+2
i.e., 15. flx)= y et) then 3x+ 2 =5xy - 3y
nRn where n e N divides n, which is true, hence are for all yeR-(8/5) there exists XEA
1. The possible equivalence relations
n
(i) 3.
R is reflexive. Sincefx) is one-one and onto therefore,
divides m R =((1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)), or, x =
f)= Sx-3 fx) (As given)
(i) n, m e
Nand nRm n
R {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2,
= 1), 5y-3 Xf (o)
mRn i.e., m divides n will not be true. Thus R is not 5y- 8
Ra=(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 3). (3, 1)),
foflx)=JU) ={f) for x
symmetric. rational
Ra =((1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (2, 3), (3, 2), 16. 3. x)-x' and olw)- 2+1
(ii) Let n, m, p e Nand nRm n divides m

Rs=A xA= (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2,
1), (1, 3), (3, 1),| (1-xjfor xirrational
and mRp m dividesp.
For rational x, f ) = x
fogt)-Aolv))=12x+1)=(2r+1-812+6+1
Then nRp i.e., n divides p will be true i.e., nRm, (2, 3), (3, 2).
is not reflexive. For irrational
gof)-ol] =g(x') =2t+1=2+1
mRpnRp. 4. For every a e A, (0, o) e R thus R x,f1 -x) =f1 (1 -x)} =
x
-

4. Given, a "b= la - b|
The relation R is thus For (1, 2) e R, (2, 1) e R, hence R is not symmetric.
transitive 17. Forx=2,fx)= 2*-4 x2+5=1 i s commutative on R as a * b = b * ai.e., la - b]= jb- aj

2. (i)le L, then lRI =* linel is perpendicular to itselfis not Being the only pair (1, 2) and not other pair beginning| =5
true. Thus the relationis not retlexive. with 2, hence it is transitive relation.
For X=
, fx)= o. Thus range becomes (1, ) Also, (-3) 2 I-3-2]

(i) L, m e Land lRm linel is L to line m e set S, aRa a2a which is true for a a.
5. (i) For a
then mRl ie., m will also be to line l is true i.e., Hence R is reflexive.
IRm mRI. Hence the relation is symmetric. b
(n) For a, b e set S, aRb a2b then bRa i.e., 2
will not be true. Hence R is not symmetric.
3. fn)-n) 2n1+3=2n+3
n1 n2. Thusf is one-one (injective). (ii) For a, b, ceS,and oRb a2 b, bRc b 2C
4. The =4= then aRc i.e., a 2 C will also be true. Hence R IS
number of injective (one-one) mappings 24
transitive.
5. fogls)-lol) =x)=sinx. 6. (i) For all of= 1, 2, 3) E A, (o, a) e R, hence R is reflexive.
6. fx)= 3x-4 = y then x = +4 () (1, 2) e R but (2, 1) e Rhence R is not symmetric.
3

7. As a*b = = 1 so that ab = 2.
So that f(x) =**4
3