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Networking

The document provides an overview of networking, including types of networks such as LAN, WAN, and PAN, as well as network topologies and essential networking devices. It discusses protocols and standards that govern network communication, along with security measures to protect data transmission. Additionally, it highlights the applications of networking in various fields such as business, healthcare, education, and entertainment.

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20 views2 pages

Networking

The document provides an overview of networking, including types of networks such as LAN, WAN, and PAN, as well as network topologies and essential networking devices. It discusses protocols and standards that govern network communication, along with security measures to protect data transmission. Additionally, it highlights the applications of networking in various fields such as business, healthcare, education, and entertainment.

Uploaded by

devkush13
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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2/20/25, 3:19 PM Create ddot PDF

Networking Guide

Introduction
Networking refers to the practice of connecting computers and other devices to share resources and exchange data. It plays a vital role in
communication, business operations, and technology infrastructure.

Types of Networks
Networking can be classified based on the geographical area covered:

1. Local Area Network (LAN)


Covers a small geographical area such as an office or home.
Uses Ethernet or Wi-Fi for connectivity.
Example: Office networks.

2. Wide Area Network (WAN)


Covers large geographical distances.
Connects multiple LANs through routers and leased lines.
Example: The Internet.

3. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)


Covers a city or a large campus.
Typically managed by service providers.
Example: City-wide Wi-Fi.

4. Personal Area Network (PAN)


Small network for personal use.
Includes Bluetooth and USB connections.
Example: Connecting a smartphone to a laptop.

5. Wireless Networks
Uses radio waves for communication.
Includes Wi-Fi, cellular networks, and satellite communications.
Example: Mobile 4G/5G networks.

Network Topologies
Network topology defines the arrangement of devices in a network:
Bus Topology: Single central cable, all devices connected.
Star Topology: All devices connected to a central switch.
Ring Topology: Devices connected in a circular fashion.
Mesh Topology: Devices connected with multiple redundant connections.
Hybrid Topology: Combination of multiple topologies.

Networking Devices
Networking requires specialized hardware for connectivity:
Router: Directs data packets between networks.
Switch: Connects multiple devices within a LAN.
Modem: Converts digital data to analog signals and vice versa.
Firewall: Ensures network security by filtering traffic.
Access Point: Provides wireless connectivity to devices.

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Protocols and Standards


Protocols define communication rules for networking:
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): Core protocol of the Internet.
HTTP/HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Used for web browsing.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Used for transferring files.
DNS (Domain Name System): Translates domain names to IP addresses.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): Assigns IP addresses dynamically.

Network Security
Network security ensures safe data transmission and prevents unauthorized access:
Encryption: Protects data by converting it into unreadable formats.
Firewalls: Monitors and controls network traffic.
VPN (Virtual Private Network): Creates secure remote connections.
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): Detects suspicious activities.

Applications of Networking
Networking is used across various domains:
Business: Enables communication, data sharing, and cloud services.
Healthcare: Supports patient records management and telemedicine.
Education: Facilitates online learning and research.
Entertainment: Powers streaming services and online gaming.

Conclusion
Networking is an essential aspect of modern technology, enabling seamless communication and resource sharing. Understanding
different network types, devices, and security measures is crucial for efficient and secure operations.

References
Computer Networking: Principles, Protocols, and Practice.
Network+ Certification Study Guide.
Various online networking resources and documentation.

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