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Multipath Propagation

Multipath propagation in wireless communication occurs when a transmitted signal encounters various obstacles, leading to multiple signal copies arriving at the receiver with different amplitudes, phases, and delays, resulting in multipath fading. This phenomenon causes time spreading in the channel, characterized by parameters such as channel delay spread and coherence bandwidth, which influence inter-symbol interference and frequency response. The relationship between transmitted and received signals can be mathematically expressed, highlighting the impact of multipath effects on signal integrity.

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12 views2 pages

Multipath Propagation

Multipath propagation in wireless communication occurs when a transmitted signal encounters various obstacles, leading to multiple signal copies arriving at the receiver with different amplitudes, phases, and delays, resulting in multipath fading. This phenomenon causes time spreading in the channel, characterized by parameters such as channel delay spread and coherence bandwidth, which influence inter-symbol interference and frequency response. The relationship between transmitted and received signals can be mathematically expressed, highlighting the impact of multipath effects on signal integrity.

Uploaded by

teddy haile
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Multipath Propagation

In wireless communication systems, a single transmitted signal encounters – random reflectors, scatters,
and attenuators during propagation, resulting in multiple copies of the signal arriving at the receiver
after each has travelled through a different path. - The multiple copies of the transmitted signal, each
having different amplitude, phase, and delay, are added at the receiver, creating either constructive or
destructive interference with each other. - This results in a received signal whose shape changes over
time. - This is the so-called multipath fading effect, which results in fast and smallscale amplitude and
phase distortion, as

Figure: Wireless multipath fading channel. If we denote the transmitted signal by 𝑥(𝑡) and the received
signal by 𝑦(𝑡), then we can write their relation as 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑕ı 𝐿 𝑙=1 𝑡 𝑥(𝑡 − 𝜏𝑙 𝑡 ) (2.3) where hl (t) is the
attenuation of the l-th path at time t, τl (t) is the corresponding path delay, and L is the number of
resolvable paths at the receiver. …  In many situations, it is convenient to consider the discrete-time

2.3 for sample ε can be written as 𝑦 ℰ = 𝑕𝑓 ℰ 𝑥 ℰ − 𝑓 𝑓 (2.4) . The conversion to a discrete-time model
basebandequivalent model of the channel, for which the input–output relation derived from Equation

combines all the paths with arrival time within one sampling period into a single channel response
coefficient hf [ε]. - The multipath propagation results in time spreading in the channel. - There are two
main time dispersion parameters which are used to both characterize and classify different multipath

significant multipath component and the latest, i.e., 𝑇𝑚 = max 𝑙 𝜏𝑙 − min 𝑙 𝜏𝑙 - If the duration of the
channels:  Channel delay spread (𝑇𝑚) is the time difference between the arrival of the earliest

symbols (𝑇𝑠) used for signaling over the channel exceeds the channel delay spread, then the symbols
will suffer from inter-symbol interference (ISI).  Channel coherence bandwidth (𝐵𝑐) is related to the
inverse of the delay spread, and it is used to provide a measurement of the range of frequencies … over
which the channel shows a flat frequency response, in the sense that all the spectral components have
approximately the same amplitude and a linear change of phase. . If the transmitted signal bandwidth
(𝐵𝑠) is less than the channel coherence bandwidth, then all the spectral components of the signal will
be affected by the same attenuation and by a linear change of phase, and the channel is said to be a flat
fading channel, as shown in Figure (a). - However, if the transmitted signal bandwidth is more than the
channel coherence bandwidth, then the spectral components of the signal will be affected by different
attenuations, and the channel is said to b

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