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CHM2 11 - 12 Lab12 Q4 FD

This laboratory worksheet focuses on observing entropy changes in chemical reactions, emphasizing the concept of entropy as a measure of disorder in a system. Students will conduct experiments involving melting ice, a vinegar-baking soda reaction, and a CaCl2-Na2CO3 reaction to determine changes in entropy. The activity aims to enhance understanding of spontaneous processes and the second law of thermodynamics through hands-on observation and analysis.

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57 views5 pages

CHM2 11 - 12 Lab12 Q4 FD

This laboratory worksheet focuses on observing entropy changes in chemical reactions, emphasizing the concept of entropy as a measure of disorder in a system. Students will conduct experiments involving melting ice, a vinegar-baking soda reaction, and a CaCl2-Na2CO3 reaction to determine changes in entropy. The activity aims to enhance understanding of spontaneous processes and the second law of thermodynamics through hands-on observation and analysis.

Uploaded by

valenzuelatimothy38
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Laboratory Worksheet.

General Chemistry 2
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

Lab Activity 12
Observing Entropy Changes in Chemical 45 minutes
Reactions

Let’s Review
Entropy, denoted by the letter S, is a thermodynamic property that describes the way that
the energy of a system is distributed among its available microscopic energy levels. A
system with a larger number of configurations of its microscopic particles (atoms, ions, or
molecules) has a higher amount of entropy because it has more microscopic energy levels
that can store energy. In other words, a system with a higher degree of “disorder” has a
higher entropy while a system with a lower degree of “disorder” has lower entropy.

When a system changes its state as a result of a physical or chemical process, its entropy
also changes. Oftentimes, spontaneous processes are accompanied by an increase in
entropy. More accurately, spontaneous processes are those that increase the entropy of
the universe. This is the assertion of the second law of thermodynamics.

An increase in entropy is designated by a positive ΔS value. The opposite is true for a


decrease in entropy, which has a negative ΔS value.

Objectives
At the end of this laboratory activity, the students should be able to do the following:
● Determine whether entropy increased or decreased for a given process.
● Explain why certain processes increase the entropy of the system.

Materials
● ice cubes
● 1 plastic spoon
● baking soda

Lab Activity 12. Observing Entropy Changes in Chemical Reactions 1


Laboratory Worksheet.
General Chemistry 2
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

● vinegar
● 0.1 M CaCl2
● 0.1 M Na2CO3
● evaporating dish
● 50 mL graduated cylinder
● 2 50 mL beakers
● 2 stirring rods

Procedure
Melting of Ice
1. Place a few ice cubes in an evaporating dish.
2. Set it aside while doing the other experiments.
3. After finishing the other experiments, observe what happens to the ice cubes.
Record your observations in the data table.

Vinegar-Baking Soda Reaction


1. Place a spoonful amount of baking soda into a 250 mL beaker.
2. Using the graduated cylinder, measure 50 mL of vinegar and pour it into the 250 mL
beaker.
3. Observe what happens to the chemical reaction.

Waste Disposal
Wash the resulting solution with copious amounts of running water and
dispose of it into the sink.

CaCl2-Na2CO3 Reaction
1. Using the graduated cylinder, measure 10 mL of 0.1 M CaCl2 and pour it into
another 250 mL beaker.
2. Using the graduated cylinder, measure 10 mL of 0.1 M Na2CO3 and pour it into the
250 mL beaker.
3. Observe what happens to the chemical reaction.

Lab Activity 12. Observing Entropy Changes in Chemical Reactions 2


Laboratory Worksheet.
General Chemistry 2
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

Waste Disposal
Decant the mixture. Dispose of the liquid supernatant into the sink and
the solid precipitate into the contaminated solid waste jar.

Data and Results


Table 12.1. Entropy Changes in Different Processes

Experiment Observations

Melting of Ice

Vinegar-Baking Soda Reaction

CaCl2-Na2CO3 Reaction

Guide Questions
Answer the following questions.
1. Among the three experiments performed, which one resulted in the formation of a
gas product? What is the physical evidence for this?

2. Among the three experiments, which one/s increased the entropy of the system?
Explain your answer.

Lab Activity 12. Observing Entropy Changes in Chemical Reactions 3


Laboratory Worksheet.
General Chemistry 2
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

3. Among the three experiments, which one/s decreased the entropy of the system?
Explain your answer.

4. Illustrate using the particle nature of matter what happens during the dissolution of
a soluble ionic salt. Through the illustration, explain why dissolution increases the
entropy of the system.

5. List down three other processes that increase the entropy of the system.

Conclusion

Lab Activity 12. Observing Entropy Changes in Chemical Reactions 4


Laboratory Worksheet.
General Chemistry 2
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

Bibliography
Petrucci, Ralph H. 2011. General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications. Toronto,
Ontario: Pearson Canada. Print.

Silberberg, Martin S. 2007. Principles of General Chemistry. Pennsylvania State University:


McGraw-Hill Higher Education. 2007. Print.

Lab Activity 12. Observing Entropy Changes in Chemical Reactions 5

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