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2020 U2LE7 Breakdown in Liquid - New

The document discusses various breakdown mechanisms in liquid dielectrics, including suspended particle, cavitation and bubble, electroconvection, thermal, and stressed oil volume mechanisms. Each mechanism is explained in terms of its causes and effects on dielectric breakdown. The summary highlights the complexity of breakdown phenomena in liquid dielectrics and their implications for electrical applications.

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kv162002
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31 views10 pages

2020 U2LE7 Breakdown in Liquid - New

The document discusses various breakdown mechanisms in liquid dielectrics, including suspended particle, cavitation and bubble, electroconvection, thermal, and stressed oil volume mechanisms. Each mechanism is explained in terms of its causes and effects on dielectric breakdown. The summary highlights the complexity of breakdown phenomena in liquid dielectrics and their implications for electrical applications.

Uploaded by

kv162002
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT II

DIELECTRIC BREAKDOWN

Breakdown mechanisms in Liquid dielectrics


&
Applications of Liquid dielectrics

Dr.S.Krishnaveni,ASP/EEE 1
Breakdown mechanism in commercial liquids

• Suspended particle mechanism

• Cavitation and bubble mechanism

• Thermal mechanism

• Stressed oil volume mechanism

Dr.S.Krishnaveni,ASP/EEE 2
Suspended particle mechanism

• When AC or DC is applied, the particles move towards the


maximum stress.

• If the number of particles are large, they aligned and form a


chain bridging the electrode gap causing breakdown between
the electrodes.

• If single particle is present between the electrodes, it will give


rise to local field on its shape.

• If field exceeds, local breakdown occurs and gas bubbles are


formed.
Dr.S.Krishnaveni,ASP/EEE 3
Suspended particle mechanism

• Let 1 – permittivity of the liquid


2 – permittivity of the solid particles(sphere shaped)
 
 
1   2  1 
Force , F 2 grad E 2
2r   2  2 2 
 
 

If 2< 1, F is directed towards areas of maximum stress.

If 2> 1, F is directed towards areas of lower stress

Dr.S.Krishnaveni,ASP/EEE 4
Cavitation and bubble theory

Formation of vapour bubbles occur due to the following.

• Gas pockets at the surface of the electrodes

• Changes in temperature and pressure

• Gaseous products due to the dissociation of liquid


molecules by electron collisions.

• Liquid vaporization by corona type discharges from points


and irregularities on the electrodes.
Dr.S.Krishnaveni,ASP/EEE 5
Cavitation and bubble mechanism

• Once bubble is formed, it will elongate in the direction of electric field


under the influence of electrostatic force.

• But, The volume of bubble remains constant

• Breakdown occurs when the voltage drop along the length of the bubble
becomes equal to the minimum value on the Paschen’s curve.
The breakdown field is given by
1
  
  2
1 2 (2 1   2 )  


 
 Vb 

E  
 

 1 

0  2  1 
 r 
 4



 2rE 



 0  

where Vb - voltage drop in the bubble


Dr.S.Krishnaveni,ASP/EEE 6
Electroconvection Breakdown
• When a highly pure insulating liquid is subjected to high voltage,
• electrical conduction results from charge carriers injected into the
liquid from the electrode surface.

• The resulting space charge gives rise to coulombic forces which under
certain conditions causes hydrodynamic instability, yielding convecting
current.

• It has been shown that the onset of instability is associated with a


critical voltage.
• As the applied voltage approaches the critical voltage, the motion at
first
• exhibits a structure of hexagonal cells and as the voltage is increased
further the motion becomes turbulent.
• Thus, interaction between the space charge and the electric field gives
rise to forces creating an eddy motion of liquid.
Dr.S.Krishnaveni,ASP/EEE 7
Thermal mechanism

• High current pulses are produced at the cathode surface


when the microscopic projections are present in the
cathode.

• It heats the oil

• This will lead to formation of vapour bubble

• These vapour bubble elongates between the electrodes and


gives rise to spark.

Dr.S.Krishnaveni,ASP/EEE 8
Stressed oil volume mechanism

• The minute particles reduces the breakdown strength of oil


and the weakness the oil region.
• The region is stressed to the maximum and by the volume
of oil in that region.
• The breakdown strength is inversely proportional to the
stressed oil volume.
• Breakdown region depends on
Gas content in the oil.
viscosity of the oil
impurities in the oil

Dr.S.Krishnaveni,ASP/EEE 9
Summary
• Different mechanisms of breakdown
mechanics in liquid dielectrics are discussed.

Dr.S.Krishnaveni,ASP/EEE 10

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