FIRST INTERNAL ASSESSMENT

Semester I Section: A/B/C/D/E

Subject Principles of Programming using C Subject Code BPOPS103
Date 26-11-2024 Time 09-10.30am
AY 2024-25(Odd Semester) Max. Marks 50

Solution and Scheme 5 X 8 = 40

Q.No. Solution Marks
1 Identifiers are names used in programming to identify variables, functions, arrays, -2-
etc. They are the labels given to elements in a program.

Rules for forming identifier names: -4-

1. An identifier must start with a letter (a-z, A-Z) or an underscore (_).

2. The rest of the identifier name can consist of letters, digits (0-9), or under-
scores.
3. Identifiers cannot be C keywords or reserved words (e.g., int, if, while).
4. Identifiers are case-sensitive (i.e., variable and Variable are different).
5. They cannot contain spaces or special characters like @, #, $.

Valid and Invalid identifiers:

-4-
 a. gmit — Valid. It starts with a letter and contains only letters.
 b. 1_cse — Invalid. It starts with a digit (identifiers cannot start with a
digit).
 c. continue — Invalid. continue is a reserved keyword in C.

 d. Pop lab — Invalid. It contains a space, which is not allowed in identi-

fiers.
2. A computer is an electronic device that can process, store, and retrieve data. It fol- -3-
lows instructions to perform a wide range of tasks, such as calculations, data analy-
sis, and interaction with other systems.

Characteristics of computers:

1. Speed: Computers can process millions of instructions per second, perform- -7-
ing tasks far faster than humans.
2. Accuracy: Computers provide precise results without errors (unless caused
by hardware or software malfunctions).
3. Automation: Once programmed, computers can perform tasks without hu-
man intervention.
4. Storage: Computers can store vast amounts of data, which can be retrieved
quickly and accurately.
5. Versatility: Computers can perform a wide variety of tasks and adapt to dif-
ferent applications.

6. Diligence: Unlike humans, computers don't tire and can work 24/7 without
loss of performance.
3. A basic C program structure includes the following parts: -6-
1. Preprocessor directives: These are lines of code that are processed before
the actual compilation (e.g., #include).
2. Global declaration section: Variables or functions declared outside of any
function.
3. Main function: Every C program must have a main() function, which is the
entry point of the program.
4. Local declaration section: Variables specific to a function are declared
here.
5. Statements/Expressions: These are the operations that the program will ex-
ecute.
6. Return statement: Ends the program and returns a value to the operating
system.

Example program:

c
Copy -4-
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
// Local variables
int a, b, sum;
printf("Enter two numbers: ");
scanf("%d %d", &a, &b);
sum = a + b;
printf("Sum: %d\n", sum);
return 0;
}

4. i. Constants ii. Variables iii. Datatypes

Answer: -3-

 i. Constants: Constants are fixed values that do not change during program
execution.
o Example: const int MAX = 100;
 ii. Variables: Variables are identifiers used to store data that can change -3-
during execution.
o Example: int age = 25;
 iii. Datatypes: Datatypes define the type of data that a variable can hold.
-4-
o Example:
 int: for integers (e.g., 5, -3)
 float: for decimal numbers (e.g., 3.14, -2.5)
 char: for characters (e.g., 'a', 'Z')

5 Here is a simple calculator program in C: -10-

c
Copy
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int num1, num2, result;
 char operator;

printf("Enter first number: ");

scanf("%d", &num1);
printf("Enter operator (+, -, *, /): ");
scanf(" %c", &operator);
printf("Enter second number: ");
scanf("%d", &num2);

switch (operator) {
case '+': result = num1 + num2; break;
case '-': result = num1 - num2; break;
case '*': result = num1 * num2; break;
case '/': result = num1 / num2; break;
default: printf("Invalid operator\n"); return 1;
}

printf("Result: %d\n", result);

return 0;
}
 Complete C program (7 marks)
 Explanation of the code (3 marks)
6 #include <stdio.h> -5-

int main() {
int num1, num2, sum;
printf("Enter first number: ");
scanf("%d", &num1);
printf("Enter second number: ");
scanf("%d", &num2);

sum = num1 + num2;

printf("Sum: %d\n", sum);

return 0;
}

Algorithm:

1. Start -3-
2. Input two numbers (num1, num2).
3. Add the numbers and store the result in sum.
4. Output the sum.
5. End

Flowchart:
-2-
bash
Copy
Start
|
Input num1, num2
|
sum = num1 + num2
|
 Output sum
|
End

7  Arithmetic Operators: Used to perform basic mathematical operations. -5-

 + (Addition): Adds two values.
 - (Subtraction): Subtracts the second value from the first.
 * (Multiplication): Multiplies two values.
 / (Division): Divides the first value by the second.
 % (Modulus): Finds the remainder after division.

Example:

c -5-
Copy
int a = 5, b = 3;
printf("%d", a + b); // Output: 8

 Relational Operators: Used to compare two values.

 ==: Equal to
 !=: Not equal to
 >: Greater than
 <: Less than
 >=: Greater than or equal to
 <=: Less than or equal to

Example:

c
Copy
int a = 5, b = 3;
printf("%d", a > b); // Output: 1 (true)

8 One-Dimensional Array: An array that stores elements of the same type in a sin- -3-
gle row (i.e., a linear list of elements).

C Program:

c
Copy -7-
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int n, i;
float sum = 0, average;

printf("Enter the number of elements: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

int arr[n]; // Declare an array of size 'n'

printf("Enter the elements:\n");

 for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
sum += arr[i]; // Add the element to sum
}

average = sum / n; // Calculate average

printf("Sum: %.2f\n", sum);

printf("Average: %.2f\n", average);

return 0;
}

9  i. simple if: Executes a block of code if the condition is true. -5-

c
Copy
if (a > b) {
printf("a is greater than b");
}

 ii. if else: Executes one block of code if the condition is true, and another block
if it is false.

c -5-
Copy
if (a > b) {
printf("a is greater than b");
} else {
printf("b is greater than a");
}
10  i. do-while: A loop that guarantees the body will run at least once before check- -5-
ing the condition.
do {
printf("Hello\n");
} while (condition);

 ii. for: A loop used when the number of iterations is known beforehand.

c
Copy
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printf("%d\n", i); -5-
}