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Randomisationin Python

The Python random module provides functions to generate random numbers and manipulate sequences, useful in simulations, games, and data analysis. Key functions include random(), uniform(a, b), triangular(low, high, mode), randint(a, b), and choice(seq), among others. The module also includes a seed() function for reproducibility of random sequences.

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2 views14 pages

Randomisationin Python

The Python random module provides functions to generate random numbers and manipulate sequences, useful in simulations, games, and data analysis. Key functions include random(), uniform(a, b), triangular(low, high, mode), randint(a, b), and choice(seq), among others. The module also includes a seed() function for reproducibility of random sequences.

Uploaded by

srijithhariharan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RANDOM FUNCTIONS

PYTHON RANDOM MODULE

Jaume Boguñá
Dive into Python
Random module in Python

• Provides a suite of functions to generate random numbers.

import random

• Includes tools to manipulate sequences randomly.

• Used in simulations, games, data analysis, and more.

Jaume Boguñá

Dive into Python 2


Functions for Floats
1. random()
Purpose:
Returns a random floating-point number between 0.0 and 1.0.

import random

random_float = random.random()
0.9399715548913441

Jaume Boguñá

Dive into Python 3


Functions for Floats
2. uniform(a, b)
Purpose:
Returns a random floating-point number between a and b.

import random

# Generate random temperatures for a week (15°C to 30°C)

weekly_temperatures = [
round(random.uniform(15.0, 30.0), 2) for _ in range(7)
]

[24.11, 23.07, 20.68, 37.42, 38.29, 17.46, 24.73]

Jaume Boguñá

Dive into Python 4


Functions for Floats
3. triangular(low, high, mode)
Purpose:
Returns a random floating-point number between low and high,
with an optional mode parameter for a non-uniform distribution.

import random

# Simulate customer wait times (in minutes) at a service center

wait_times = [
round(random.triangular(5, 30, 10), 2) for _ in range(5)
]

[14.49, 11.36, 12.12, 10.53, 20.37]

Jaume Boguñá

Dive into Python 5


Functions for Integers
1. randint(a, b)
Purpose:
Returns a random integer between two specified integers, inclusive.

import random

# Simulate rolling a dice 5 times

roll_dice = [
random.randint(1, 6) for _ in range(5)
]

[3, 6, 5, 4, 6]

Jaume Boguñá

Dive into Python 6


Functions for Integers
2. randrange(start, stop, step)
Purpose:
Selects a random element from the specified range.

import random

# Select a random even number between 0 and 20 (inclusive)


random_even_number = random.randrange(0, 21, 2)

# Display the result


print(f"Random even number selected: {random_even_number}")

Random even number selected: 2

Jaume Boguñá

Dive into Python 7


Functions for Sequences
1. choice(seq)
Purpose:
Returns a randomly selected element from a non-empty sequence.

import random

my_hobbies = ['reading', 'swimming', 'coding', 'hiking']

print(f'I love {random.choice(my_hobbies)}')

I love reading

Jaume Boguñá

Dive into Python 8


Functions for Sequences
2. choices(seq, weights=None, k=1)
Purpose:
Returns a list with k elements from the sequence, with optional weights to
influence selection probability.
# List of participants
participants = ["Thibault", "Camille", "Sandra", "Laurent"]

# Corresponding weights (e.g., ticket counts)


weights = [5, 1, 3, 1]

# Select a random winner based on weights


winner = random.choices(participants, weights=weights, k=1)[0]

# Display the result


print(f"The winner is: {winner}")
The winner is: Thibault

Jaume Boguñá

Dive into Python 9


Functions for Sequences
3. shuffle(seq, random=None)
Purpose:
Shuffles the sequence x in place.
import random

# Duolingo participants
participants = ["Zari", "Lin", "Lucie", "Junior", "Eddy",
"Oscar", "Vikram", "Duo"]

# Shuffle and split into two random teams


random.shuffle(participants)
team1, team2 = participants[:4], participants[4:]

# Display the teams


print("Team 1:", team1)
print("Team 2:", team2)
Team 1: ['Eddy', 'Zari', 'Lucie', 'Junior']
Team 2: ['Vikram', 'Duo', 'Lin', 'Oscar']

Jaume Boguñá

Dive into Python 10


Functions for Sequences
4. sample(seq, k, counts=None)
Purpose:
Returns a specified number of unique elements chosen from the sequence
(without replacement).
# List of students
students = [
"Doro", "Paula", "Alex", "Pepe", "Jaume",
"Massimo", "George", "Mike", "Ian", "Laura"
]

# Number of students to select


k = 3

# Randomly select 'k' students from the list


selected_students = random.sample(students, k)

['Jaume', 'Doro', 'George']

Jaume Boguñá

Dive into Python 11


Bookkeeping Function
1. seed()
Purpose:
Initializes the random number generator for predictable sequences.
Ensures reproducibility.
import random

# Set the seed for reproducibility (same output)


random.seed(42)

# Generate a random sample from a list of books


books = ['1984', 'Fahrenheit 451', 'Moby Dick', 'Hamlet']

random_sample = random.sample(books, 2)

['1984', 'Hamlet']

Jaume Boguñá

Dive into Python 12


Summary
random() Returns a random float between 0.0 and 1.0.

uniform(a, b) Returns a random float between a and b.

Random float between low and high with an


triangular(low,high,mode) optional mode.
Random integer between two specified
randint(a,b) integers, inclusive.
Selects a random element from the specified
randrange(start,stop,step) range.
Returns a randomly selected element from a
choice(seq) non-empty sequence.
Randomly selects k elements from a sequence,
choices(seq,weights=None,k=1) with optional weights.
shuffle(seq,random=None) Shuffles the sequence x in place.
Specified number of unique elements chosen
sample(seq,k,counts=None) from the sequence
Initializes the random number generator for
seed() predictable sequences.

Jaume Boguñá

Dive into Python 13


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Jaume Boguñá
Aerospace Engineer | Data Scientist

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