General Physics B1 - Midterm Exam 2 (11/15/2023, 8:00AM~9:50AM)

There are 8 problme sets on two sides. Total:100 points

You may answer in English or Chinese. Please use SI units and take signicant gure to the second
decimal place for the answers. Write down all the calculation process in the answer sheet. The
graviational acceleration g=9.8m/s2 .

Please write down the letter on the cover of your answer sheet.

1.Inelastic Collision
A large block of wood of mass M = 5.00 kg, hanging from two long cords. A bullet of mass m = 10.00 g is red
into the block, coming quickly to rest. The block and the bullet then swing upward, their center of mass rising a
vertical distance h = 7.00 cm What is the speed of the bullet just prior to the collision? (10points)

Solution: There are two events: 1. collision of bullet and block. 2. swinging of bullet and block. For the collision
of bullet and block, it is a completely inelastic collision. With conservation of momentum, we have vf = m+M m
vi .
For the buillet and block swinging up to top, we can use conservation of energy: (m + M )gh = 2 (m + M )vf =
1 2
1 m 2
2 (m + M )( m+M vi )√ .
Thus vi = m 2gh = 586.83m/s (Answer)
m+M

2. Rotational Energy
As shown in the following gure, a rigid structure consisting of a square made of four thin bars, each of length
R=0.5m and mass m = 2.0 kg. The rigid structure rotates at a constant speed about a vertical axis, with a
period of rotation of 2.5 s. calculate the structure's (a) rotaional inertial (5point) (b)rotational energy (5points) (c)
magnitude of angular momentum (5points)

Solution
For the square, (a) the rotational inertia Isquare = mR2 + 2 × [ 12
1
mR2 + m( R2 )2 ] + 0 = 53 mR2 = 0.83(kg · m2 ).
(Answer)
The angular frequency ω = 2π T = 2.51(rad/s).
(b)The rotational energy E = 21 Iω 2 = 2.61(J)(Answer)
(c)magnitude of angular momentum L = Iω = 2.08(kg · m2 · rad/s) (Answer)

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3. Conservation of Angular Momentum
In the following gure (an overhead view), a uniform thin rod of length 0.500 m and mass 4.00 kg can rotate in
a horizontal plane about a vertical axis through its END. The rod is at rest when a 3.00 g bullet traveling in the
rotation plane is red into the other end of the rod. In the view from above, the bullet's path makes angle θ =
60.0° with the rod. The bullet lodges in the rod and the angular velocity of the rod is 10 rad/s immediately after
the collision. What is the bullet's speed just before impact? (10points)
maybe useful: sin60°=0.8660, cos60°=0.5000

Solution:
The rotational inertia is given by:I = M
RL 2 M 1 3 L 1 2 2
L 0 x dx = L [ 3 x ]0 = 3 M L = 0.33(kg · m )
During the process, there is no external torque exerting on the system. Therefore, the angular momentum is
conserved:
Linitial = rpsinθ = Lmvsinθ
Lf inal = Iω = [ 31 M L2 + m(L)2 ]ω
[ 13 M +m]Lω
Thus the velocity of bullet: v = msinθ = 2571.77m/s (Answer)

4. Oscillation with two springs

In the following gure, two springs are attached to a block that can oscillate over a frictionless oor. If the left
spring is removed, the block oscillates at a frequency of 40 Hz. (1) If the mass is m = 0.10kg , what is the srping
constant of the right spring. (5points) (2) If, instead, the spring on the right is removed, the block oscillates at a
frequency of 50 Hz. At what frequency does the block oscillate with both springs attached? (10points)

Solution: q
(1)The oscillation frequency of a mass m attached to one spring with spring constant k is f = 2π ω 1
= 2π m.
k

Therefore, the spring constantk = m(2πf )2 = 6316.55(N/m). (Answer)

(2)For the setup in the gure, the two springs
q exert forces that have the same direction and sum up at all time.
Therefore, we can conclude that ftot = 2π
1
m .
k1 +k2
q
Thus, ftot
2 1
= ( 2π k1 +k2 2 1 2 k1 +k2
m ) = ( 2π ) m = f12 + f22 .
And ftot = f12 + f22 = 64.03Hz . (Answer)
p

5. Wave Interference in Two dimensions

Ocean wave pass through two small openings, 20m apart, in a breakwater. You're in a boat 75m from the breakwater
and initially midway between the openings, but the water is rough. You row 33m parallel to the breakwater and,
for the rst time, nd yourself in relatively calm water. What's the wavelength of the waves? (10points)

Solution √ √
The case is completely destructive interference, AP = 752 + 432 = 86.5m, BP = 752 + 232 = 78.4m.
The wavelength is twice dierence between these lengths: λ = 2(AP − BP ) = 16.2m (Answer)

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6. Force on dam due to water
In the following gure, water stands at depth D = 30.0 m behind the vertical upstream face of a dam of width W
= 300.0 m. Find the net force due to the water to the dam. (10point)

Solution:
The force contributed by the water pressure acting a slice of dam with height dh at depth h is pdA = ρghW dh.
Thus the total force is 0 ρghW dh = ρgW 0 hdh = ρgW [ 12 h2 ]D 0 = 2 ρgW D = 1.32 × 10 N (Answer)
RD RD 1 2 9

7. Standing Wave
In the following gure shows resonant oscillation of a string of mass m = 2.500g and length L = 0.900m and that
is under tension τ = 325.0N . (1)What is the wavelength λ of the transverse waves producing the standing wave
pattern? (5points) and (2)what is the harmonic number n? (5points) (3)What is the frequency f of the transverse
waves? (5points)(4)What is the maximum magnitude of the displacement y of the element oscillating at coordinate
x = 0.20 m? (5points)

Solution:
(1)From the gure, we know that L = 32 λ. Therefore, λ = 2L
3 = 0.60m (Answer)
(2)Since there are three half-wavelength, the harmonic number n = 3(Answer)
(3)The frequency f = λ = λ m/L = 570.09Hz (Answer)
q
v 1 τ

(4)Note that we have ym = 2mm, ω = 2πf = 3581.97rad/s,

The maximum displacement y(x = 0.20m) = ym sinkx = ym sin 2π λ x = 4 · sin( 0.6 · 0.2) = 3.45mm (Answer)
2π

8. Draining a Tank
A large, open tank is lled to a height h=1.0m with liquid of density ρ = 1000kg/m3 . Find the speed of the liquid
emerging from a small hole at the base of the tank? (10points)
The uid at the top of the tank and just outside the exit hole are both at atmospheric pressure, pa . The tank
is large and we can assume the uid velocity at the top is nearly zero. Assuming y = 0 at the hole and y =
h at√the top of the uid, we can nd the exit speed using Bernoulli's equation: pa + ρgh = pa + 21 ρv 2 . Thus,
v = 2gh = 4.43(m/s) (Answer)