CHM/150 v5
Periodic Table of Elements Lab Journal
Instructions
Complete Part 1 and Part 2.
Part 1: Table
Lab Goal: Use electronic structure to describe atomic bonding.
Complete the following table according to these guidelines:
Column 1: Lab Title has been provided for you
Column 2: Pre-Lab Preparation: Provide a short explanation of the theory or concept that is to be accomplished or demonstrated (about
100 words).
Column 3: Explanation: Provide a brief explanation of what was done (about 100 words).
Column 4: Results: Provide a brief explanation of results, accuracy of results, and potential errors (about 100 words).
Column 5: Discussion and Examples: Explain what the results mean in relation to the Lab Goal. Use examples from the lab to support
your explanation (about 200 to 500 words).
Column 6: Alignment: Provide sample calculations, equations, or a scenario that is aligned to this topic. Explain why it is aligned (about
100 words).
Column 7: Citations: Provide citations from the text that support this lab and include the page number (minimum of 3 per lab).
1-Lab 2-Pre Lab- 3- 4-Results 5- 6-Alignment 7-Citations
Title Preparation Explanati Discussio
on n and
Examples
Perio In the This Shinine In the A key example of how the periodic trends Zumdahl, S. S., &
dic
periodic simula lab, can be applied is the calculation of Zumdahl, S. A.
Table
ss,
tion having ionization energy. For example, if we
of
table, electric (2019). Chemistry: An
were comparing the ionization energies of
Elem element focuse a good Atoms First
al lithium (Li) and fluorine (F), we would
ents: s are d on unders use the equation for ionization energy: Approach (2nd ed.).
Get arrange unders conduct tandin Cengage Learning, p. 103.
Copyright 2024 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
Periodic Table of Elements Lab Journal
CHM/150 v5
Page 2 of 13
1-Lab 2-Pre Lab- 3- 4-Results 5- 6-Alignment 7-Citations
Title Preparation Explanati Discussio
on n and
Examples
the d in a tandin ivity, g of Ionization Energy=−2.18×10^−18/
Table
hierarch g the the n2(where n is the principal quantum numb Silberberg, M. S.
Orga
and
funda periodi er)
nized
y ductility (2015). Chemistry: The
in accordi mental c table Molecular Nature of
can Using the values for the respective
Time! ng to s of is quantum numbers, we can calculate the Matter and Change (7th
their the help benefi ed.). McGraw-Hill
ionization energy of each element and
atomic periodi categor cial. To predict the higher ionization energy of Education, p. 85.
number c ize better fluorine due to its smaller atomic radius
, table. elemen unders and greater effective nuclear charge. This
aligns with the observed trend that
Labster.
electron Flame ts. A tand
ionization energy increases across a (n.d.). Periodic table of
configur tests flame answer
period and decreases down a group. elements [Virtual
ation, were s, it's
test Lab]. Labster.
and used import
chemic to was ant to Retrieved
al investi used to be from https://www.labster.c
properti gate identify familia om/
es that metalli if a r with
are c product comm
repeate compo on
contain
d again. nents. eleme
The sa nts
As a
result of study small utilized
possess focuse number in labs
ing the d on of and
same the metal daily
Copyright 2024 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
Periodic Table of Elements Lab Journal
CHM/150 v5
Page 3 of 13
1-Lab 2-Pre Lab- 3- 4-Results 5- 6-Alignment 7-Citations
Title Preparation Explanati Discussio
on n and
Examples
amount emissi ions. life.
of on Another The
valence spectr pheno periodi
electron um c
menon
s, produc table's
element ed investig arrang
s that when ated ement
belong an was the provid
to the eleme correlat es
same nt is ion valuabl
group expose betwee e
(the d to a inform
n
vertical hot ation
column) flame. electro about
have Flame negativ the
properti testing e and eleme
es that is a polar nts to
are comm bonds. the
compar on observ
Electro
able to analyti er. The
cal ns in a periodi
one
another metho polar c table
. On the d for covalen catego
other identif t link rizes
hand, ying travel chemic
Copyright 2024 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
Periodic Table of Elements Lab Journal
CHM/150 v5
Page 4 of 13
1-Lab 2-Pre Lab- 3- 4-Results 5- 6-Alignment 7-Citations
Title Preparation Explanati Discussio
on n and
Examples
element certain toward al
s that metal the eleme
belong ions. more nts
to the Most based
electro
same metal on
period ions negativ their
(the have a e atom, charac
horizont specifi resultin teristic
al row) c g in a s.
exhibit flame partial Groups
pattern color negativ relate
s in when to the
e
atomic tested. periodi
size, Heat charge. c
ionizati can Polarize table's
on excite d vertica
energy, valenc electro l
and e n colum
electron electro ns.
distribu
egativit ns in Period
metal tions s are
y. With
the help ion result in horizo
of this solutio larger ntal
lab, we ns, partial rows.
will be causin charges There
Copyright 2024 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
Periodic Table of Elements Lab Journal
CHM/150 v5
Page 5 of 13
1-Lab 2-Pre Lab- 3- 4-Results 5- 6-Alignment 7-Citations
Title Preparation Explanati Discussio
on n and
Examples
able to g them and are
compre to emit greater seven
hend a electro sessio
these certain ns and
negativi
tendenc wavele eighte
ies and ngth in ty en
acquire the differen groups
the visible ces. . Each
knowled light The test eleme
ge spectr for nt has
necessa um identifyi a
ry to when unique
ng
forecast they one- or
the return elemen two-
charact to their ts letter
eristics origina evaluat symbol
of an l ed their that
element conditi electric can be
dependi on. used
al
ng on Secon instea
dary conduct d of its
its
location events ivity name.
on the detect and Many
table. ed shinine people
During include ss. remem
Copyright 2024 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
Periodic Table of Elements Lab Journal
CHM/150 v5
Page 6 of 13
1-Lab 2-Pre Lab- 3- 4-Results 5- 6-Alignment 7-Citations
Title Preparation Explanati Discussio
on n and
Examples
this d Shinine ber
lesson, trends ss is these
we will in one of emble
investig atomic ms.
the
ate the charac Symbo
connect teristic known ls,
ions s. qualitie such C
that Moving s of the for
exist from elemen carbon
betwee left to ts. ,
n right Using typicall
periodic on a y
them,
charact periodi corres
eristics, c table we may pond
atomic shrinks connect to the
number the each eleme
, and atomic elemen nt's
the radius. t's name.
types of As Eleme
attribut
element proton nts'
s es to names
s
(metals, migrat their and
nonmet e from corresp symbol
als, and left to onding s are
metalloi right in ones. not
Copyright 2024 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
Periodic Table of Elements Lab Journal
CHM/150 v5
Page 7 of 13
1-Lab 2-Pre Lab- 3- 4-Results 5- 6-Alignment 7-Citations
Title Preparation Explanati Discussio
on n and
Examples
ds). the The necess
atom's flame arily
nucleu test synony
s, the mous.
reveals
positiv For
e that the examp
charge color of le, Hg
of the flames is used
nucleu corresp to
s onds to denote
increas the ions mercur
es, y. The
emitted
attracti atomic
ng by an numbe
electro elemen r
ns. The t. When increas
simula a es as a
tion particle period
did not is
is
allow passed
us to stimulat . The
move ed and atomic
missin heated, numbe
g one of r
eleme its increas
Copyright 2024 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
Periodic Table of Elements Lab Journal
CHM/150 v5
Page 8 of 13
1-Lab 2-Pre Lab- 3- 4-Results 5- 6-Alignment 7-Citations
Title Preparation Explanati Discussio
on n and
Examples
nts or outer es as
chang electro you
e ns progre
trends ss
moves
in the throug
periodi back to ha
c a closer group.
table. orbit. The
This atomic
effect numbe
emits r
identifi
light
es
and each
"taints" eleme
the nt's
flame. positio
n on
the
periodi
c
table.
The
orderin
g of
Copyright 2024 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
Periodic Table of Elements Lab Journal
CHM/150 v5
Page 9 of 13
1-Lab 2-Pre Lab- 3- 4-Results 5- 6-Alignment 7-Citations
Title Preparation Explanati Discussio
on n and
Examples
eleme
nts by
atomic
numbe
r
results
in
groupi
ngs of
eleme
nts
with
similar
chemic
al and
physic
al
proper
ties.
Part 2: Problems
Solve the following problems. Be sure to show your work and express your answer with the appropriate number of significant figures. Use what
you learned this week to guide you.
Copyright 2024 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
Periodic Table of Elements Lab Journal
CHM/150 v5
Page 10 of 13
1. A sodium streetlight gives off yellow light that has a wavelength of 565nm (1nm = 1 x 10−9m). What is the frequency of this light (use
8
c=3 × 10 meters/sec)?
Speed = wavelength x frequency
Frequency = speed / wavelength
Frequency = 3 x 10^8 m/s / 565 x 10^-9 m
Frequency = 5.309 x 10^14 Hz
2. One of the frequencies used to transmit and receive cellular telephone signals in the United States is 1850MHz. What is the wavelength in
meters of these radio waves?
Speed = wavelength x frequency
Wavelength = speed / frequency
= 3 x 10^8 m/s / 1850 x 10^6 Hz
= 0.162m
3. When we see light from a neon sign, we are observing radiation from excited neon atoms. If this radiation has a wavelength of 720nm,
what is the energy of the photon being emitted?
Wavelength = 720 nm = 720×10^-9m
Planck's constant (h) = 6.626×10^-34J
Speed of light (c) = 3×10^8 m/s
E =(6.626 x 10^-34J/s) x (3 x 10^8 m/s) / 720 x 10^-9 m
= 2.756 x 10^-19 J
4. Calculate the energy of a photo in J/photon for electrons in Indium, given that the lowest frequency photon for which the photoelectric
effect is observed is 9.96 x 1014 Hz
Frequency (f) = 9.96 x 10^14 Hz
Copyright 2024 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
Periodic Table of Elements Lab Journal
CHM/150 v5
Page 11 of 13
Plancks constant (h) = 6.626 x 10^-34 J
E =2.718 h x f
= (6.626 x 10^-34 J) x (9.96 x 10^14 Hz)
= 6.61 x 10^-19J
5. Early researchers were very excited when they were able to predict the energy of an electron at a particular distance from the nucleus in a
Helium atom. If a spark promotes the electron in a Helium atom into an orbit with n = 4, what is the calculated energy, in joules, of the
electron?
For this, we use the formula for the energy of an electron in a hydrogen-like atom (with nuclear charge Z):
E=(-13.6 eV/n^2) x Z^2
Where:
Z=2 (for He)
n=4
Substituting the values:
E=(-13.6 eV/4^2) x 2^2
= (-13.6eV/16) x 4
E=−3.4 eV
6. A radiographic X-ray of wavelength 3.190 x 10−11m is measured. What is the frequency of this X-ray?
Wavelength = 3.190 x 10^-11m
Speed of light = 3x 10^8 m/s
Frequency = speed/wavelength
F = (3x10^8m/s)/(3.190 x 10^-11 m)
Copyright 2024 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
Periodic Table of Elements Lab Journal
CHM/150 v5
Page 12 of 13
Frequency = 9.40 x 10^18 Hz
7. What is the energy in joules of the photon produced when an electron falls from the n = 5 to the n = 3 level in a He+ ion (Z = 2 for He+)?
E=-13.6eV x 2^2 (1/3^2 – 1/5^2)
= -13.6eV x 4 (1/9 – 1/25)
= -13.6eV x 4 (16/225)
= -13.6eV x (64/225)
= -3.36eV
8. Heated atoms emit photons of light with an energy of 3.102 x 10−19 J. Calculate the frequency of one of these photons.
Energy = 3.102 x 10^-19J
Plancks constant = 6.626 x 10^-34J
E =h x f
F = E /h
F = 3.102 x 10^-19J / 6.626 x 10^-34 J
F = 4.68 x 10^14 Hz
9. If an electron travels at a velocity of 7.000 x 107 ms–1 and has a mass of 9.109 x 10−28g, what is its wavelength?
Velocity = 7.000 x 10^7 m/s
Mass = 9.109 x 10^-28 g = 9.109 x 10^-31 kg
Wavelength = h / m x v
= 6.626 x 10^-34J / (9.109 x 10^-31) x (7.000 x 10^7 m/s0
= 1.04 x 10^-11 m
10. Refer to Table 3.1 (p 145) of Chemistry: Atoms First. Using the principal quantum number n=3, indicate the values of n, l, ml and ms of an
atom in the table below.
Name Symbols Allowed Values
Principal quantum number n 3
Azimuthal quantum number l 0 (s orbital), 1 (p
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Periodic Table of Elements Lab Journal
CHM/150 v5
Page 13 of 13
orbital) , 2 (d orbital)
Magnetic quantum number ml For l = 0: 0
For l = 1: -1,0,+1
For l=2: -2,-1,0,+1,+2
Spin quantum number ms +1/2, -1/2
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