2023 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI ), Jan.

23 – 25, 2023, Coimbatore, INDIA

Sewage Monitoring System Using IoT

1st Gerlin V 4th Kaladevi R
Department of CSE Department of CSE
Saveetha Engineering College Saveetha Engineering College
2023 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI) | 979-8-3503-4821-7/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICCCI56745.2023.10128270

Chennai, India Chennai, India

[email protected] [email protected]

2nd Gnana Priya Y 5th Hariharan Shanmugasundaram

Department of CSE Department of CSE
Vardhaman College of Engineering Vardhaman College of Engineering
Hyderabad, India Hyderabad, India
[email protected] [email protected]

3rd Swetha k R 6th Bhanuprasad A

Department of CSE Department of CSE
Saveetha Engineering College Vardhaman College of Engineering
Chennai, India Hyderabad, India
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract—Since most smart cities are built with There are many factories and residential coming up new every
subterranean drainage systems, keeping them clean and year. These factories and individual housing areas need proper
hygienic is exceedingly challenging. So, there is a huge sewage systems to expel the waste properly generated by them.
possibility that this sewage may get clogged and cause Thus, this system of sewage monitoring can be used in every
pollution to the environment. So, it very much essential to place, where we need to monitor and expel sewage waste without
have sewage monitoring system that could easily detect the causing any hazardous effect on humans and the environment.
blockage in the man hole. Sewage pipelines are very narrow The main objective of this system is, that when ever the sewage is
and deeper pipelines which are the major source of cleaned or the block present in the sewage is removed, lots of
poisonous and hazardous gases. The accumulation of waste workers who inhale the toxic gases present in the
in the sewage for extended periods as well as chemical sewage,tendtolosetheirlife,sothissystemasaprecautionaryprocessco
processes taking place on them results in the development llectsalltheinformationaboutthesewageenvironment and makes the
of several dangerous gases with exceptionally high environment safer for the workers to work with and also at the
concentrations, including hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, same time this system directly allows the workers to spot the
carbon dioxide, and methane. Therefore, breathing in these blockage, thus the workers can directly target the spot in which the
gases for an extended period can result in chronic ailments block is present.
and even death. In this system, to monitor sewage, IoT The most important technology used in this system is IoT
technology is used (which uses gas, ultrasonic, temperature, technology, which connects the physical environment with the
and heartbeat sensors), to detect the presence of blocks in required software and monitors the sewage environment. IoT
the sewage and also used to measure the concentration of uses many sensors which measure the physical quantity (like
toxic gases present in the sewage. temperature, oxygen level, etc.) and process it using the desired
Keywords— Sewage Monitoring System; IoT; Sensor; software
BlockDetectors II. RELATEDWORK

I. INTRODUCTION
It investigates if sewage or portions of it contain toxic gases.
In large cities, the Sewage Monitoring System is especially According to research, the main gases that are present in high
important. Smart cities are emerging quickly, yet the difficulties they numbers and cause respiratory issues in sewage employees
face are still those of the prehistoric era. The current world is in dire working in primary settling tanks, screening tanks, aeration
need of advanced planning and sophisticated improvement. As a tanks, and mechanical dewatering of the sludge are H2S, NH3,
result of breathing in the hazardous vapors contained inside the NO2, SO2, and HCHO. Acute respiratory manifestations that
manhole, sewage employees continue to perish. This further affect workers include general symptoms including headache,
demonstrates inadequate sewage system monitoring. One of the dizziness, fatigue, dry cough, chest tightness, acute bronchitis,
major problems prevailing in the current ecosystem is the etc. However, no approach has been suggested or put into
increasing population. Due to population rise, there is an practice to address this problem [1].
increasing need for the basic necessity for human survival like
food, shelter, etc.

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 2023 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI ), Jan. 23 – 25, 2023, Coimbatore, INDIA

The study has addressed the dangerous issues mentioned Creating and implementing a network that controls sewer
above. It claims that soil has healing qualities and that passing conditions and offers a way to systematically repair and manage
sewage water through the soil layer causes the pollution level the underground infrastructure. The proposed model comprises
to dramatically drop. The concentration of solution oxygen is of numerous intricate parts that need regular upkeep and
increased, the level of sewage oxygen is decreased, and monitoring. The present system lacks a dedicated network for the
turbidity, dissolved salts, total coliforms, and microbial concurrent management of many sensor kinds. Failure is a
coliforms are also removed when municipal wastewater is possibility that could occur in such a situation [9].
treated using soil as a filter. The fact that maintaining the ideal Incorporates a diverse network of inexpensive, long-lasting parts
soil quality is so challenging nowadays is one of the that allow municipal authorities to monitor the sewage
disadvantages. Since soil is not always present and even when environment and water levels round-the-clock, so ensuring the
it is, its quality varies, it cannot be relied upon to effectively safety and wellbeing of the sewage employees. The use of light
minimize the contaminants in wastewater. sensors helps to ensure that the manhole is always sealed and that
Additionally, a lot of wastewater is created every day, the system and all of its parts are secure and not subject to theft.
necessitating a lot of good soil and human intervention in the However, as a disadvantage, these light sensors are ineffective at
treatment process. This doesn't deal with the problem of night. No solutions are provided for this as of yet [10].
protecting sewage employees from dangerous health issues.
We require a tried-and-true strategy to guarantee the safety
III. PROPOSED WORK
and well-being of the sewage employees [2].
The suggested method keeps an eye on air pollutants that
might lead to respiratory illnesses like asthma as well as The primary goal of the sewage monitoring system is to determine
ground-level ozone. The cloud-based program examines the whether the working environment for sewage-clearing workers is
information from air quality sensors and verifies the safe. Additionally, this system's goal is to create an automated
pollutants' ppm levels [3]. system that can identify sewage blockages.
A method that just measures gas ppm levels has been
suggested by this. The critical functions that temperature and
humidity play in the health of on-duty sewage workers are,
however, disregarded by their system. The technique also does
not meet the need for early blockage detection [4].
A sensor that monitors sewage levels, an order-taking
controller and a communication network are all included in
the system design. The latter also keeps track of complaints
about persistent rises in sewage levels and, if any, blockages.
A database needs to be kept up to date to store the data. Prior
to overflow, the system creates warning signals through
complaints sent through mail and SMS to the designated
departments [5].
In this study, researchers provide an adaptation and design of
an Underground Drainage and Manhole Monitoring System
(UDMS) for IoT applications. The suggested model offers a
framework for checking whether a manhole cover is open as Fig1. Sewage monitoring system
well as for monitoring the water level, temperature, and
pressure inside a manhole. It also regulates subsurface A. Processing Data
electrical power lines. The present condition of the manholes
can be remotely tracked in real-time by UDMS [6].
The following characteristics and elements will be present in the
Examining the frequency of various chemical pollutants and sewage monitoring system. sensors for gas, flood, and blockage
Geno toxicants in sewer environments and assessing the detection. The sophistication of sensors and systems will detect
effects of their ongoing exposure on sanitation employees' and clogs in the drainage system and provide information on its location
office workers' health. After extensive testing and field trials, and other factors to guide further actions. Various hazardous gases
the research makes an excellent attempt to identify the like methane (CH4), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide
presence of genotoxic ants, but it is unable to provide a (CO), etc. will also be detected by the system.
convincing justification for the variation in HepG2 cell counts
observed across different age groups of sewer personnel. It is The system will generate a warning as soon as the concentration of
impossible to say how dangerous these Genotoxins will these gases exceeds the set threshold via an alarm system, allowing
become for different age groups [7]. the health department to respond appropriately. Wireless sensor
networking (WSN) technology is used to create the module. Each
Evaluation of greenhouse gas emissions from several New node will transport its data as well as the data of nearby
Delhi municipal water treatment facilities and confirmation of
the long-term viability of respective sewage treatment systems nodes and will send it to the next node by employing hopping
Although the report places a lot of emphasis on emphasizing techniques. The gateway node will send these full data packets all
indirect greenhouse gas emissions in the aforementioned at once and store them in the cloud. All of this data will be
wastewater treatment facilities, the options provided to available in a real-time setting for ongoing monitoring.
eradicate them are vague and confusing. It fails to offer
precise and efficient strategies to stop indirect emissions [8].

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 2023 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI ), Jan. 23 – 25, 2023, Coimbatore, INDIA

F. TEMPERATURE SENSOR

The output voltage of the temperature sensor LM35 changes

according to the ambient temperature. For every 1°C increase
in temperature, there will be a rise of 10mV (0.01V). Less than
60 uA is the drain current. It gives out a voltage in degrees
Celsius.

G. GSMSIM800L

It serves as a means of communication. The proposed system is

wireless as a result. To receive and transmit data to the user, it
Fig 2.Processing of data using a sewage monitoring system is connected to Arduino.

B. Hardware Specification IV. RESULTS AND ILLUSTRATION

IoT technology works as a bridge between the physical Using all the required hardware components the sewage
world and the virtual world. It computes the physical monitoring system using IoT technology has been
quantity like temperature, oxygen concentration, etc., and developed. This system which has been designed only
processes it using the desired microcontroller and stores the measures three physical quantity they are, the temperature of
processed data in the cloud for further use. Thus, using the sewage environment and the concentration of the
proper hardware plays a vital role in developing an methane gas and also the distance of the block from the
automated sewage monitoring system.
entrance of the sewage. For measuring these physical
quantities, the MQ2sensor, LM35, and Ultrasonic sensor are
C. NODEMCU used respectively. The screen shots shown in Fig.3 and Fig.
The hardware and software for the Node MCU (node 4 presents the pictorial representation of the sewage kit.
microcontroller) are both open-source. The software is
constructed around the hardware, which is based on the
ESP12 module and a system on a chip (SOC) called the
ESP8266 and Lua programming languages. There are 17
General Purpose I/O Pins on the ESP8266 node MCU. The
Node MCU features more GPIOs, built-in Wi-Fi, and
Bluetooth 4.2 capabilities. In comparison to the Arduino
UNO, it is quite inexpensive. The suggested system's Node
MCU, which oversees the entire operation, is its brain.

D. MQ2GASSENSOR

SnO2, which has low electrical conductivity in clean air and

is used as a gas-sensitive material by the MQ2 gas sensor, is
used. It is employed to find any gas leaks or remissions that
might connect to the control system.

E. ULTRASONIC SENSOR

Ultrasound energy is produced or detected by ultrasonic

sensors. In order to determine the distance to a particular Fig.3 Screenshot-1 showing sewage kit
target, the electrical signal output from ultrasonic signals is
amplified, analyzed, and then searched for the reflected
echo.

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 2023 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI ), Jan. 23 – 25, 2023, Coimbatore, INDIA

[9] R. Girisrinivaas and V. Parthipan,”Drainage overflow monitoring systemusing

IoT (DOMS),” 2017 IEEE International Conference on Power,Control, Signals
and Instrumentation Engineering(ICPCSI),Chennai, 2017,pp.2133-2137.
[10] Yash N, Apurva J, Himani C, Bhosale S.P, “ Underground Drainage Monitoring
System Using IoT, International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and
Innovations in Technology, 2021.
[11] Shaikh S.A, Suvarna S, “Monitoring Smart City Application Using Raspberry
PI based on IoT” International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering
Technology, Vol. 5 Issue VIL, July2017.
[12] Muragesh S.K and Santhosha Rao,“Automated Internet of Things For
Underground Drainage and Man hole Monitoring Systems For Metropolitan
Cities.” International Journal of Innovative Science,
EngineeringTechnology,Vol.2 Issue4,June2015.
[13] Lazarescu,M.T., “Design of a WSN Platform for Long-Term Environmental
Monitoring for IoT Applications”, Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits
and Systems, IEEEJournal,Vol.3,no.1,pp.45-54,2013.

Fig.4 Screenshot-2 showing sewage kit

V. CONCLUSION

The primary facilitators of the IoT paradigm are regarded as

sensor networks. The potential of IoT for intelligent, real-
time drainage monitoring systems in big cities is covered in
this research. By identifying the drainage system's problems,
a number of sensors, including those that detect gas and
blockages, can be used to keep an eye on the drainage
system's real-time situation. The government will be
provided with early warnings of obstruction as well as an
increase by doing this, allowing them to address the
problems in detail. This report can be used to build a
monitoring and troubleshooting real-time, intelligent
drainage system.

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