Typography & Computer Application

Class 11 Syllabus
Part-I: Typography

Unit-1: Introduction to Typography

● The Typewriter
● Origin & Development of Typewriter
● Importance of Typewriter / Computer
● Categories of Typewriters
● Computers
● Laptops

Typography is the art and technique of arranging type to make

written language legible, readable, and visually appealing. It
involves selecting and arranging fonts, sizes, spacing, and
other elements to create a visually pleasing and effective
design.

The typewriter is a mechanical device used for writing and

printing text. It was invented in the 19th century and
revolutionised the way people communicated and produced
written documents. The typewriter allowed for faster and
more efficient writing, eliminating the need for handwriting or
using a printing press.

The typewriter went through several developments and

improvements over the years. Early typewriters were large
and heavy, with keys that required a significant amount of
force to press. However, as technology advanced, typewriters
became smaller, lighter, and more user-friendly.

The typewriter played a crucial role in the history of

communication and document production. It made writing
and typing accessible to a wider range of people, including
those with limited handwriting skills. It also increased the
speed and efficiency of producing written documents, making
it an essential tool for businesses, offices, and individuals.

With the advent of computers, typewriters gradually became

obsolete. Computers offered more advanced features and
capabilities, such as word processing software, spell checkers,
and the ability to easily edit and format text. Computers also
allowed for the storage and retrieval of large amounts of data,
making them more versatile and efficient than typewriters.

Today, there are various categories of typewriters, including

manual typewriters, electric typewriters, and electronic
typewriters. Each category has its own unique features and
advantages, but they all share the common goal of producing
typed text.

Computers have become the primary tool for writing and

document production in the modern world. They offer a wide
range of features and capabilities, including word processing
software, internet access, multimedia capabilities, and the
ability to connect with other devices and networks.

Laptops are portable computers that allow users to work and

access information from anywhere. They offer the
convenience of a computer in a compact and portable form,
making them ideal for professionals, students, and anyone
who needs to work on the go.

In conclusion, typography is an essential aspect of design and

communication. The typewriter played a significant role in the
development of written communication, but with the
advancement of technology, computers and laptops have
become the primary tools for writing and document production.

Unit-2: Keyboard Operations

● Keyboard
● Sitting Posture
● Methods of Keyboard Operation
● Learning Home Row
● Learning Upper Row
● Learning Bottom Row
● Learning Number Row
● Learning Special Signs and Symbols
Unit-2: Keyboard Operations

In this unit, we will explore various aspects of keyboard

operations. We will start by understanding the keyboard itself
and its layout. Next, we will learn about the correct sitting
posture while using the keyboard to ensure comfort and
prevent any strain or injuries.

After that, we will delve into the different methods of

keyboard operation. This includes learning about the home
row, which is the central row of keys on the keyboard where
our fingers should rest when not typing. We will also learn
about the upper row, bottom row, number row, and special
signs and symbols row.

Learning these different rows will help us become more

efficient and accurate typists. We will practise typing exercises
to familiarise ourselves with the keys in each row and improve
our typing speed and accuracy.

By the end of this unit, we will have a solid foundation in

keyboard operations and be able to type with ease and
confidence.

Keyboard:
A keyboard is an input device that is used to enter data into a
computer or other electronic device. It consists of a set of keys,
including letters, numbers, symbols, and function keys,
arranged in a specific layout.

Sitting Posture:
Maintaining a proper sitting posture while using a keyboard is
important to prevent discomfort and potential health issues. It
involves sitting up straight with your feet flat on the floor,
knees at a 90-degree angle, and your back supported by a chair.
Your arms should be relaxed and bent at a 90-degree angle, with
your wrists in a neutral position.

Methods of Keyboard Operation:

There are several methods of keyboard operation, including
touch typing, hunt and peck, and two-finger typing. Touch
typing is the most efficient method, where you use all your
fingers to type without looking at the keyboard. Hunt and peck
involves using only a few fingers to search for and press each
key individually. Two-finger typing is similar to hunt and peck
but uses two fingers instead of one.

Learning Home Row:

The home row is the central row of keys on a keyboard, where
your fingers should rest when not typing. It includes the keys
ASDF for the left hand and JKL; for the right hand. Learning the
home row is essential for touch typing as it provides a reference
point for finger placement.

Learning Upper Row:

The upper row of keys on a keyboard includes the letters
QWERTYUIOP. Learning the upper row involves familiarising
yourself with the position of each key and practising typing
words and sentences that use these letters.

Learning Bottom Row:

The bottom row of keys on a keyboard includes the letters
ZXCVBNM. Learning the bottom row involves becoming
comfortable with the position of each key and practising typing
words and sentences that use these letters.
Learning Number Row:
The number row is located above the home row and includes
the numbers 1-0. Learning the number row involves memorising
the position of each number key and practising typing numbers
quickly and accurately.

Learning Special Signs and Symbols:

Keyboards also include special signs and symbols, such as
punctuation marks, mathematical symbols, and special
characters. Learning these signs and symbols involves
familiarising yourself with their location on the keyboard and
practising typing them accurately.

Part-II: Computer Applications

Unit-3: Computer Hardware
● Storage Devices
● Input Devices
● Output Devices
● Ports
Computer hardware refers to the physical components of a
computer system that can be seen and touched. These
components work together to enable the computer to perform
various tasks and functions. Computer hardware can be
categorised into four main types: input devices, output devices,
storage devices, and processing devices.

INPUT DEVICES

Input devices are used to enter data and instructions into the
computer system. Some common input devices include
keyboards, mice, scanners, and microphones. Keyboards are
used to input text and commands, while mice are used to
control the cursor on the screen. Scanners are used to convert
physical documents into digital format, and microphones are
used to input audio.

OUTPUT DEVICES

Output devices are used to display or present the results of the

computer's processing. The most common output device is the
monitor, which displays text, images, and videos. Printers are
used to produce hard copies of documents, while speakers are
used to output audio. Other output devices include projectors,
which display images and videos on a larger screen, and
headphones, which provide audio output for personal listening.

STORAGE DEVICES

Storage devices are used to store and retrieve data and

programs. There are two main types of storage devices:
primary storage and secondary storage. Primary storage, also
known as memory, includes random access memory (RAM) and
cache memory. RAM is used to temporarily store data and
instructions that the computer is currently using. Cache
memory is a smaller and faster type of memory that stores
frequently accessed data for quick retrieval.

Secondary storage devices include hard disk drives (HDDs),

solid-state drives (SSDs), and optical drives. HDDs use magnetic
storage to store data on spinning disks, while SSDs

use flash memory chips for faster and more reliable storage.
Optical drives, such as CD/DVD drives, use lasers to read and
write data on optical discs.

PROCESSING DEVICES

Processing devices are responsible for executing instructions

and performing calculations. The central processing unit (CPU)
is the main processing device in a computer system. It
interprets and executes instructions, performs arithmetic and
logical operations, and manages data flow between different
components. The CPU consists of an arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
and a control unit, which work together to carry out
instructions.

Other processing devices include graphics processing units

(GPUs), which are specialised processors for handling graphics
and visual data, and coprocessors, which assist the CPU in
performing specific tasks. These processing devices work
together to ensure the smooth operation of the computer
system.

Ports are physical connectors on a computer or other

electronic device that allow for the connection of various
peripherals or external devices. They are used to transfer data,
power, or audio/video signals between the computer and the
connected device.

There are several types of ports commonly found on computers:

1. USB (Universal Serial Bus) Ports: USB ports are the most
common type of ports found on computers. They are used to
connect a wide range of devices such as keyboards, mice, printers,
external hard drives, and smartphones. USB ports come in different
versions, such as USB 2.0, USB 3.0, and USB-C, with each version
offering different data transfer speeds.

2. HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) Ports: HDMI ports

are used to connect computers to external displays, such as
monitors or TVs. They transmit high-definition audio and video
signals, allowing for the display of high-quality content.

3. Ethernet Ports: Ethernet ports are used to connect computers to

a local area network (LAN) or the internet. They provide a wired
connection for faster and more stable internet connectivity
compared to wireless connections.

4. Audio Ports: Audio ports, also known as audio jacks, are used to
connect headphones, speakers, or microphones to a computer. They
come in different sizes, such as 3.5mm and 6.3mm, and can support
stereo or surround sound output.
5. DisplayPort: DisplayPort is a digital display interface used to
connect computers to monitors or other display devices. It supports
high-resolution video and audio transmission.

6. Thunderbolt Ports: Thunderbolt ports are high-speed data

transfer ports that can also support video and audio signals. They
are commonly found on Mac computers and can be used to connect
external storage devices, displays, or other peripherals.

7. VGA (Video Graphics Array) Ports: VGA ports are older analog
video ports that are still found on some computers and monitors.
They are used to connect devices that do not support digital video
signals.

These are just a few examples of the many types of ports

available on computers. The specific ports available on a
computer will vary depending on the make and model.

CONCLUSION

Computer hardware is essential for the functioning of a

computer system. Input devices allow users to interact with the
computer, while output devices present the results of the
computer's processing. Storage devices store and retrieve data
and programs, and processing devices execute instructions and
perform calculations. Understanding the different types of
computer hardware is crucial for effectively using and
maintaining a computer system.
Unit-4: Windows Operating System
● Logging On
● Switching between Accounts
● Features of the Windows System
● Opening & Closing Application
● Manipulating Windows
● Using Computer Folder
● Control Panel
● Locating Files and Folders
● Creating a folder
● Deleting a file or folder
● Renaming a file or folder

In this unit, we will be exploring the Windows operating system.

Windows is one of the most widely used operating systems in
the world, with versions ranging from Windows 95 to the latest
Windows 10. It is developed by Microsoft and is known for its
user-friendly interface and wide range of features.
These are some common tasks and features related to using a
Windows system:

Logging On: This refers to the process of entering your

username and password to access your user
account on a Windows system.

Switching If there are multiple user accounts on a

between Windows system, you can switch between
Accounts: them by logging out of one account and
logging into another.

Features of Windows systems have various features such

the Windows as a graphical user interface, taskbar, start
System: menu, file explorer, control panel, and more.

Opening & You can open applications by clicking on their

Closing icons or shortcuts. To close an application, you
Applications: can click on the "X" button in the top-right
corner of the application window.

Manipulating Windows can be resized, minimised,

Windows: maximised, and moved around the screen. You
can resize a window by clicking and dragging
its edges. To minimise or maximise a window,
you can click on the corresponding buttons in
the top-right corner of the window.

Using The Computer folder (also known as This PC or

Computer My Computer) provides access to the drives
Folder: and storage devices connected to your
computer. You can navigate through folders
and access files stored on your computer.

Control Panel: The Control Panel is a centralised location in

Windows where you can access various system
settings and configurations. It allows you to
 customise your computer's appearance,
manage hardware and devices, set up network
connections, and more.

Locating Files You can use the file explorer or search

and Folders: function to locate files and folders on your
computer. The file explorer allows you to
navigate through different drives and folders
to find specific files.

Creating a To create a new folder, you can right-click in

Folder: the desired location (such as the desktop or a
folder) and select "New" > "Folder". You can
then give the folder a name.

Deleting a File To delete a file or folder, you can right-click on

or Folder: it and select "Delete" or press the "Delete" key
on your keyboard. You will usually be
prompted to confirm the deletion.

Renaming a To rename a file or folder, you can right-click

File or Folder: on it and select "Rename" or click on the
file/folder name and edit it directly. Press
Enter when you're done to save the new name.

Unit-5: Introduction to Office

● Introduction to Word
● Introduction to Excel
● Introduction to Power Point
● Introduction to Outlook
 ● Working with the Office Assistant
● Office Short Cut Bar
● The Web Toolbar

These are all different features and tools within the Microsoft
Office suite.

1. - Word is a word processing program that allows you to

create and edit documents. It is commonly used for writing
letters, reports, and essays.

2. - Excel is a spreadsheet program that allows you to

organize and analyze data. It is commonly used for creating
budgets, tracking expenses, and creating charts and
graphs.

3. - Power Point is a presentation program that allows you to

create slideshows with text, images, and multimedia. It is
commonly used for creating presentations for business
meetings, conferences, and educational purposes.

4. - Outlook is an email and personal information

management program. It allows you to send and receive
emails, manage your calendar, and keep track of your
contacts and tasks.

5. - The Office Assistant is a feature in Microsoft Office that

provides help and guidance while using the software. It can
assist with tasks such as formatting documents, creating
 formulas in Excel, and designing slides in Power Point.

6. - The Office Short Cut Bar is a customizable toolbar that

allows you to quickly access frequently used commands
and functions in Microsoft Office programs.

7. - The Web Toolbar is a toolbar in Microsoft Office programs

that allows you to access and search the internet directly
from within the software. It can be used to look up
information, find images, and access online resources.

Microsoft Office is a suite of productivity software programs

developed by Microsoft. It includes various applications such
as Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and Outlook, which are widely
used in offices and educational institutions.

Word is a word processing program that allows users to create,

edit, and format documents. It offers a wide range of features
such as spell check, grammar check, and the ability to insert
images and tables.

Excel is a spreadsheet program that is used for data analysis

and calculations. It allows users to create and manipulate data
in a grid format, perform calculations, and create charts and
graphs.

PowerPoint is a presentation program that enables users to

create slideshows with text, images, and multimedia elements.
It offers various templates and themes to enhance the visual
appeal of presentations.

Outlook is an email client and personal information manager

that allows users to send and receive emails, manage
calendars, and organize contacts. It also offers features such
as task management and note-taking.

The Office Assistant is a feature in Microsoft Office that

provides helpful tips and suggestions while using the software.
It can assist users in performing tasks and finding information
quickly.

The Office Short Cut Bar is a customizable toolbar that allows

users to access frequently used commands and functions with
a single click. It can be customised to include shortcuts to
specific features or commands.

The Web Toolbar is a feature in Microsoft Office that allows

users to access web-based content and services directly from
within the software. It provides quick access to search engines,
online dictionaries, and other web resources.

Overall, Microsoft Office is a powerful suite of software

programs that enables users to create, edit, and manage various
types of documents, spreadsheets, presentations, and emails. It
offers a wide range of features and tools to enhance
productivity and efficiency in the workplace.

Unit-6: MS Word
● Processing with Word
● Formatting with word
● Line & Paragraph Spacing
 ● Paragraph spacing
● Rulers Bar
● Working with shapes and styles
● Printing
● Hyperlink
● Clip Art
● Using template
● Working with text boxes
● To move a text box
● To Move shapes, using promote or demote
commands

● To Change color scheme

● Managing Documents and customizing
word

● Mail Merge

MS Word is a word processing software developed by Microsoft.

It is widely used for creating, editing, and formatting
documents. In this unit, we will learn various features and
functions of MS Word.

Processing with MS Word allows users to create and edit

Word: documents with ease. It provides a wide
range of tools and options to format and
customise the text.

MS Word offers various formatting options

Formatting with such as font styles, sizes, colours, and
Word: effects. It also allows users to apply
formatting to paragraphs, headings, and
tables.

Line & MS Word allows users to adjust the line

Paragraph spacing and paragraph spacing in a
Spacing: document. This helps in improving the
readability and appearance of the text.

Paragraph MS Word provides options to add space

spacing: before or after paragraphs. This helps in
organising the content and making it more
visually appealing.

Rulers Bar: The rulers bar in MS Word helps in aligning

and positioning text, images, and other
elements in a document. It provides a visual
representation of the margins, indents, and
tab stops.

Working with MS Word allows users to insert and

shapes and customise shapes in a document. It also
styles: provides predefined styles for text,
headings, and other elements.

Printing: MS Word allows users to print documents

directly from the software. It provides
 options to select the printer, page
orientation, and other printing settings.

Hyperlink: MS Word allows users to insert hyperlinks in

a document. Hyperlinks can be used to
navigate to a different location within the
document or to an external website.

Clip Art: MS Word provides a collection of clip art

images that can be inserted into a
document. These images can be used to
enhance the visual appeal of the document.

Using template: MS Word offers pre-designed templates for

various types of documents such as
resumes, letters, and reports. Users can
choose a template and customise it
according to their needs.

Working with MS Word allows users to insert text boxes in

text boxes: a document. Text boxes can be used to
highlight important information or to create
a separate section within the document.

To move a text Users can easily move a text box by clicking

box: and dragging it to a new location in the
document.

To Move shapes, MS Word provides options to promote or

using promote demote shapes in a document. This helps in
or demote organising and arranging the shapes in a
commands: desired order.

To Change MS Word allows users to change the colour

colour scheme: scheme of a document. This can be done by
selecting a different colour theme or by
customising the colours manually.

Managing MS Word provides options to manage and

Documents and organise documents. Users can create
customising folders, rename documents, and customise
word: the software according to their preferences.

Mail Merge: MS Word allows users to perform mail

merge, which is the process of combining a
document with a data source to create
personalised letters, envelopes, or labels.