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Lecture 2

Noise impairments in computer networks refer to the distortion of transmitted signals, which can occur in both analog and digital formats. The main causes of transmission impairments include noise, delay distortion, and attenuation distortion, with noise being a significant factor that alters the received signal. Various types of noise, such as thermal noise, intermodulation noise, crosstalk, and impulse noise, can interfere with signal integrity and complicate the recovery of the original transmitted signal.

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4 views2 pages

Lecture 2

Noise impairments in computer networks refer to the distortion of transmitted signals, which can occur in both analog and digital formats. The main causes of transmission impairments include noise, delay distortion, and attenuation distortion, with noise being a significant factor that alters the received signal. Various types of noise, such as thermal noise, intermodulation noise, crosstalk, and impulse noise, can interfere with signal integrity and complicate the recovery of the original transmitted signal.

Uploaded by

Abdullah Shahbaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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What are noise impairments in Computer networks

Transmission impairment occurs when the received signal is different from the transmitted signal. As we know, a signal can be
transmitted as Analog signal or it can be transmitted as a digital signal.

In Analog signals due to transmission impairment the resulting received signal gets different amplitude or the shape. In the case of
digitally transmitted signals at the receiver side we get changes in bits (0's or 1's).
Causes:
There are various causes of transmission impairments, which are as follows −
 Noise
 Delay Distortion
 Attenuation Distortion

Noise:
Noise is the major factor for the transmission distortion as any unwanted signal gets added to the transmitted signal by which the
resulting transmitted signal gets modified and at the receiver side it is difficult to remove the unwanted noise signal. These noises
are various kinds like shot noise, impulse noise, thermal noise etc.

Noise can be defined as unwanted energy from sources other than the transmitter. Thermal noise is caused by the random motion
of the electrons in a wire and is unavoidable.

Consider normal signal as shown below:

Consider the Noise signal as shown below:


At the receiver side the sender signal combine with noise and represented as follows:

The above signals are reconstructed by sampling. Increased data rate implies "shorter" bits with higher sensitivity to noise.
Sources of Noise
 Thermal noise
 Intermodulation noise
 Crosstalk
 Impulse noise

Thermal noise
A kind of noise where the irregular electron movement in wire produces an additional signal. It is also called as white noise because
the frequency encompasses over a broad range of frequencies.

Intermodulation noise
Here the signal transmission channel can share more than one signal and the intermodulation noise is generated.
For instance, consider two signals S1 and S2 generate signals of frequencies (S1 + S2) and (S1 - S2) that may interfere with the
signals of the same frequencies sent by the sender. In any part of the communication system, intermodulation noise is introduced
because of this situation.

Cross talk
Cross talk is an effect of one wire on another wire. One wire acts as a sending antenna and the other (transmission medium) acts as
the receiving antenna.
For example − telephone systems, it is a common experience to hear conversation of other people in the background. This is known
as cross talk.

Impulse noise
Impulse noise is irregular pulses or spikes generated by phenomena of power lines, lightning spark due to loss of contact in electric
circuits and so on. It is a primary source of error in digital data.

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