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Unit 2

The document discusses the description of flow fields using Lagrangian and Eulerian approaches, highlighting their differences and applications in fluid mechanics. It covers key concepts such as acceleration, continuity equation, flow patterns, circulation, and vorticity. Additionally, it explains the visualization of fluid flows through streamlines, pathlines, and streaklines.

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jethalalgadaabc
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5 views77 pages

Unit 2

The document discusses the description of flow fields using Lagrangian and Eulerian approaches, highlighting their differences and applications in fluid mechanics. It covers key concepts such as acceleration, continuity equation, flow patterns, circulation, and vorticity. Additionally, it explains the visualization of fluid flows through streamlines, pathlines, and streaklines.

Uploaded by

jethalalgadaabc
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• Description of flow field - Lagrangian and Eulerian approach,

Acceleration,
• Classification of the flow field,
• Continuity Equation,
• Fluid element’s translation, rotation and deformation,
• Flow patterns streamlines, path lines and streak lines,
• Circulation,
• Vorticity,
• stream function and velocity potential function.
• Free and Forced Vortex Flow

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Description of Flow Field

Lagrangian and Eulerian


Approach

© Prof. Anand R. Nadgire, Assistant Professor @ MIT College of Engineering, Pune.


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Description of Flow Field

Lagrangian and Eulerian The material derivative computes the time rate of change of any
Approach-Material quantity such as temperature or velocity (which gives acceleration)
Derivative for a portion of a material moving with a velocity, V . If the material is
a fluid, then the movement is simply the flow field.

© Prof. Anand R. Nadgire, Assistant Professor @ MIT College of Engineering, Pune.


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Description of flow field - Langragian and Eulerian approaches

Lagrangian methods are natural for many observational techniques and for the
statement of the fundamental conservation theorems. On the other hand, almost
all of the theory in fluid mechanics has been developed in the Eulerian system

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Description of flow field - Langragian and Eulerian approaches

• In the Lagrangian description of fluid flow, individual fluid


particles are "marked/ tracked," and their positions, velocities,
etc. are described as a function of time.

• However, fluid flow is a continuum phenomenon & It is not


possible to track each "particle" in a complex flow field. Thus,
the Lagrangian description is rarely used in fluid mechanics.

• In the Eulerian description of fluid flow, individual fluid particles


are not identified. Instead, a control volume is defined, as shown
in the diagram. Pressure, velocity, acceleration, and all other flow
properties are described as fields within the control volume. In
other words, each property is expressed as a function of space and
time and henceforth is usually preferred in fluid mechanics.

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Methods of Visualizing Fluid Flows

Because the fluid is moving in the same direction as the streamlines, fluid can
not cross a streamline.
Streamlines can not cross each other. If they were to cross this would indicate
two different velocities at the same point. This is not physically possible.

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Streak lines are the locus of points of all the fluid particles that
have passed continuously through a particular spatial point in the
past.

Dye steadily injected into the fluid at a fixed point extends along a
streak line.

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A pathline is the actual path traversed by a given (marked) fluid
particle. (A pathline is an integrated pattern.)

For example, consider simple shear flow between parallel


plates. A pathline is the actual path traversed by a given
(marked) fluid particle.

A pathline represents an integrated history of where the fluid


particle has been.

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•Note: For steady flow, streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines
are all identical. However, for unsteady flow, these three flow
patterns can be quite different.

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Flow in pipes and nozzles are examples of streamtube

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© Prof. Anand R. Nadgire, Assistant Professor @ MIT College of Engineering, Pune.
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