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Final Written Report in Construction Materials and Testing

The document outlines the general properties of materials essential for civil engineering, focusing on five primary evaluation areas: aesthetic, climatic, economic, material properties, and construction considerations. It details fundamental properties such as structural, physical, mechanical, thermal, acoustic, and chemical properties, emphasizing their importance in material selection for building construction. The report serves as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering at the Philippine Engineering and Agro-Industrial College.

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Hassanal Macapundag
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11 views5 pages

Final Written Report in Construction Materials and Testing

The document outlines the general properties of materials essential for civil engineering, focusing on five primary evaluation areas: aesthetic, climatic, economic, material properties, and construction considerations. It details fundamental properties such as structural, physical, mechanical, thermal, acoustic, and chemical properties, emphasizing their importance in material selection for building construction. The report serves as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering at the Philippine Engineering and Agro-Industrial College.

Uploaded by

Hassanal Macapundag
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GENERAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

A Written Report
Presented to the Faculty of the
Civil Engineering Department
College of Information Technology and Engineering
Philippine Engineering and Agro-Industrial College, Inc.
Marawi City

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements of the Degree of
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

MACAPUNDAG, HASSANAL
DIMACUTA, NORJANAH
AMOD, ABDUL HAKIM
ANTAP, SUHAEB

DECEMBER 2024
General Properties of Materials

5 Primarily Areas that must be evaluated in selection appropriate materials:


1. Aesthetic Condition- Texture, Color, Interaction with light, etc.
2. Climatic and Cultural Conditions- Humidity, temperature, CO2 Regional and local
cultural conditions
3. Economic Factors- Raw materials, Transportation impact, Initial and ongoing costs,
Recycling issues, etc.
4. Properties of Materials- Mechanical properties, Non-mechanical properties, etc.
5. Construction Consideration- Occupancy and size of building, including durability,
structural, and fire protection requirements.

 Strength, Rigidity and Durability (Property of Material) - refers to the essential


properties of a material that are crucial for its performance in a structure.
 Environmental Requirements - refers to the consideration of how a material will
interact with and respond to the surrounding environment. This includes factors such as
exposure to weather, temperature variations, moisture, chemical exposure, and other
external conditions.
 Economy and others- refers to the broader considerations beyond the intrinsic properties
of the material. When evaluating materials for a structure, it's important to assess their
economic feasibility in terms of cost, availability, and the overall impact on the project
budget.

SOME FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS (BUILDING)


A. Structural Characteristics
1. Density – mass of a unit volume of a material; it can be obtained by dividing the total
mass by its total volume.
2. Specific Weight – also known as the unit weight; this is the weight per unit volume
of material.
3. Porosity – also known as void fraction; measure of the void (hollow space) in a
material.

B. Physical Properties
1. Moisture – this is the content of water contained in a material.
2. Thermal Conductivity – this pertains to the ability of material to carry out heat.
3. Thermal Expansion – this pertains to the expansion or contraction of the material as
the temperature changes.
4. Viscosity – it is the resistance of a fluid which is being deformed by either shear or
tensile stress.

C. Mechanical Properties
 A measure of a material’s ability to resist a variety of mechanical forces.
 Resistance to applied loads (stress) initially and over time.

1. Strength – this pertains to the behavior of a material, specifically solid objects, which
experiences stresses or strains.
2. Stress-Strain Relation – if no external force is being applied to an object or material,
this can be considered as an equilibrium position as all its components are in place.
Otherwise, this material will exert an effort to go back to its equilibrium or initial
position. Technically, this is how you can understand the meaning of Stress. It can be
calculated by dividing the external force applied by the cross-sectional area of the
material. While the material is experiencing Stress, it undergoes deformation. This is
where we can correlate Strain to Stress. Strain is the measurement that shows the
change in length of the material divided by its original length.

2.1 Yield Strength – it is the maximum stress limit of a material wherein it cannot
return to its original shape.
2.2 Ultimate Strength – this is the maximum stress that the material can take before
breaking; also known as tensile strength.

3. Elastic Behavior – this is the ability of the material to deform when external force is
applied and to return to its original state when the stress is eliminated.
4. Modulus of Elasticity - this is a proportional constant between stress and strain. It is
defines stiffness and rigidity of a material, governs deflections and influences
buckling behavior.
E=σ/Ɛ

5. Ductility – this is the ability of the material to experience large amount of


deformations without breaking before failure.
6. Tensile Stress - this is created when forces pull on a member and tend to increase its
length.
7. Compressive Stress - this is a push (compress) on a member and tend to shorten it.
8. Shear Stress - produce forces that work in opposite directions parallel with the plane
of the force, causing adjacent parts of a material to slide past one another.
9. Permeability - the rate the water flows through a material. Unit: Perm typically
referred to as the perm rating; ex. a vapor retarder is defined as a material having a
perm rating of 1.0 or less.
10. Hardness - this is a measure of the ability of a material to resist indentation or
surface scratching. It is the result of several properties of a material, such as elasticity,
ductility, brittleness and toughness.
11. Impact Strength - this is the ability of a material to resist a very rapidly applied load,
such as the strike of a hammer. It is an indication of the toughness of a material. A
material with high impact strength will absorb the energy of impact without
fracturing. It is affected by strength and ductility.
12. Fatigue Strength - this is the resistance if a material to a cyclic load, one that varies
in direction and/or magnitude. This is illustrated by bending a wire back and forth
until it breaks. Most materials are lower in fatigue strength than they are in tensile
strength. Failures due to fatigue stress occur slowly, and most materials that fail due
to fatigue offer some useful life before failure. This is an important factor to consider
when the useful life of a product is established.

D. Other Properties
1. Thermal Properties
 Are those that are related to the material’s response to heat. When a material
is subjected to a change in temperature it may expand, contract, conduct or
reflect heat.
 Insulators, Conductors, Thermal Conductivity (k), Thermal Conductance (c),
Composite Thermal Performance, Change of State, Heat Capacity.

2. Acoustic Properties
Is that branch of physics that deals with the generation, transmission and
control of sound waves. It considers the ability of a material to either absorb
or reflect sound waves within a room. The acoustical properties of interior
finish materials directly affect occupants by influencing the quality of speech,
music, and other audio sounds projected in a space. Acoustical materials that
perform well as sound absorbers include soft materials such as fabrics, rigid
but soft materials, and rigid but hard materials that have the exposed surface
perforated with holes or slots of varying sizes and placement.
3. Chemical Properties
 Its tendency to undergo a chemical change or reaction due its composition and
interaction with the environment. A chemical change can alter the original
composition of material and thereby affect its properties.

REFERENCE:
Max B. Fajardo Jr. (2000), Simplified Methods on Building Construction, 2000 edition.

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