CLASS VII CHAPTER 2 KINGS AND KINGDOMS

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TOPICS:
INTRODUCTION

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The Emergence of New Dynasties

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Administration in the Kingdoms

Prashastis and Land Grants

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CLASS VII CHAPTER 2 KINGS AND KINGDOMS

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A Closer Look: The Cholas
➢ From Uraiyur to

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Thanjavur

Splendid Temples and

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Bronze Sculpture

Agriculture and Irrigation

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INTRODUCTION
➢ new dynasties emerged

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after 17th century and
ruled in the
subcontinent between

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7th to 12th century.
➢ Gurjara-Pratiharas,
Rashtrakutas, Palas,
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Cholas and Chahamanas
(Chauhans).
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Major kingdoms,
seventh-twelfth

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centuries

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The Emergence of New
Dynasties

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➢ In the 7th century there were big landlords or
warrior chiefs in different regions. They were
acknowledge as samantas.

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➢ They also bring gifts to king, provide military
support.
➢ As samantas gained power, they declared
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themselves as maha
samanta,mandaleshvar.(great lord of region)
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Provide military support
Bring gifts

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➢ Subordinate of the chalukyas in
Karnataka were called as rashtrakutas.
➢ In mid 8th cent.dantidurga (a rashtrakuta

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chief overthrown his lord.
➢ Powerful men's used their military skills

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to carve out kingdoms
➢ Ex – Kadamba Mayur Sharman and
gurjara Pratihara Hari Chandra were
brahmans and took arms (established
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their kingdoms in Rajasthan and
Karnataka).
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CLASS VII CHAPTER 2 KINGS AND KINGDOMS

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Chalukya dynast from 6th to 12th cen.

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MayuraSharma Gurjara pratihara dynasty 8th- 11th cent.

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Administration in the
Kingdoms Ashoka

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➢ Many new kings used
sounding titles
➢ ex maharaja ,Adhi raja,

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Tribhuvan, Chakravartin
➢ ( lord of 3 worlds). Yet they
often share power with their
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samantas,traders,brahmans
,peasants.

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CLASS VII CHAPTER 2 KINGS AND KINGDOMS

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➢ Peasants, cattle keepers,
artisans use to produce
resources in the states.

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➢ Revenue was collected from
the traders too(land where
taken away from producers)

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➢ Resources were used in
temples, forts, fight wars.
➢ Revenue collectors were
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usually came from influential
families, close relatives.
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temples Forts

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Prashastis and Land
Grants
➢ They were composed by

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brahmanas who helps in
administration, prashastis were

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not literally true, rulers used to
depict themself as victorious.
➢ Kings often grant land to
brahmanas and copper plates
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were given to land owners (with
details as document)
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Written on copper plates

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➢ In 12th century a long
Sanskrit poem was written

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by kalhana on a king of
Kashmir.
➢ He used a variety of sources,

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inscriptions, documents,
eyewitness to make as
account.(he was critical
about rulers and politics
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unlike brahmanas).

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CLASS VII CHAPTER 2 KINGS AND KINGDOMS

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Warfare for Wealth
➢ Every ruling dynasties were from a certain
region.

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➢ Prized areas were Kanauj in the ganga
valley, for centuries rulers Faught
belonging to gurjara- pratihara,

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rashtrakuta, pala dynasty ( it is often
described as tripartite struggle)
➢ Rulers used to demonstrate their power
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and resources by building temples
attacking kingdoms,target others temples.
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CLASS VII CHAPTER 2 KINGS AND KINGDOMS

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Temples of kanauj

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➢ Sultan moh. Of ghazni ruled
from 997 to 1030,controlled
al – biruni
central asia,iran,north

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western part of subcontinent.
➢ His target was wealthy temples

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ex - Somnath of Gujrat. Also
raided every year.
➢ He conquered many people
and entrusted a scholar named
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al – biruni (kitab-ul hind) also
consulted Sanskrit scholars.
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Somnath temple of Gujrat

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Prithvi raj iii
➢ Chahamanas (Chauhan's)
ruled over Delhi and Ajmer.

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Best known ruler was Prithvi
raj III (1168-1192) who
defeated Afghan ruler

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(sultan moh. Ghazni)
➢ Chauhan's were opposed by
chalukyas of
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Gujrat,gahadavalas of U.P

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Moh. ghazni Chalukya dynasty

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A Closer Look: The Cholas
➢ From Uraiyur to Thanjavur

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➢ A minor chiefly family known as Muttaraiyar
held power in the kaveri delta.
➢ They were under the authority of pallava

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kings of Kanchipuram
➢ Vijayalaya belongs to the ancient chief family
of cholas from uraiyur (is a part of
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Tiruchirappalli city in Tamil Nadu) captured
delta from muttaraiyar in mid ninth century.
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Muttaraiyar ➢ held power in Kaveri delta.

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➢ Successor of vijayala (king) vijayala
conquered many regions and grew

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in power.(pandayan and pallava) to
the south and north were now in
his part)

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➢ Most powerful rulers was raja raja I
in 985.he expanded control in
areas. His son Rajendra continue to
raid in ganga valley, srilanka, south
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east Asia.

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raja raja I Rajendra
❖ Controlled

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PARTS OF
south east
Asia such as

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➢ Malaysia, the
Philippines,
Singapore,
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Thailand and
Vietnam

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Splendid Temples and Bronze
Sculpture

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➢ Big temples of thanjavur and
gaikondacholapuram were
built by raja raja and

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Rajendra.
➢ Chola temples were the
prime object of settlements,
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Centre of craft production.

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thanjavur gaikondacholapuram

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➢ Temples were cared by priest,
garland makers, cooks,

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sweepers, musicians, dancers
etc. who live around it.
➢ They were the economic,

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social and cultural hub along
with worship.
➢ Crafts were made of bronze
images in the temples.
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Considered as the finest in
the world.
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Can take care of the temple.

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Fine statues bronze images

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Agriculture and Irrigation
➢ Many agriculture developments and

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achievement were earned by chola
rulers.
➢ The soil was fertile in the channels of

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bay of Bengal making it suitable for rice
cultivation.
➢ Agriculture was already developed in
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parts of Tamil Nadu, forest were cleared,
cultivation was done in a large scale.
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Agriculture was done in a large scale

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➢ Embankments were constructed
to prevent flooding, in many
areas two crops were grown in

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year.
➢ Most of the new rulers and
people took interest in

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agriculture
➢ Ex – wells were dug, tanks for
rainwater collection,
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maintaining labor and
resources, water managements.
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The Administration of the
Empire
➢ Settlements of peasants known

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as Ur
➢ Larger units of villages were

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called Nādu.
➢ Both performed several
administration functions –
handout justice, tax collection.
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➢ Settlements were very created
with the spread of irrigation.
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Peasant settlements (Ur) Larger units (Nādu)

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handout justice tax collection

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➢ Brahmans settlements were
inscription
created in kaveri valley and in
south Indian parts as they

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receive land grants (brahmadeya)
➢ There was an assembly of

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brahman landholders who make
decisions were inscriptions were
recorded in walls and temples.
➢ Administration functions were
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performed by traders
(nagarams)
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➢ Sabha had separate committees
to look after irrigation work,

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gardens, temples etc.
➢ Names were written on palm
leaf's and tickets of the eligible

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members and were stored in a
earthen pot, later chits were
picked out with the help of a
boy.
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➢ It was done for every single
committee.
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