CHAPTER

3 Abhinay Maths Classes

Matrices
CASE STUDY / PASSAGE BASED QUESTIONS

In a city there are two factories A and B. Each factory produces sports clothes for boys
and girls. There are three types of clothes produced in both the factories, type I, II and III.
For boys the number of units of types I, II and III respectively are 80, 70 and 65 in factory
A and 85, 65 and 72 are in factory B. For girls the number of units of types I, II and III
Syllabus
respectively are 80, 75, 90 in factory A and 50, 55, 80 are in factory B.
Concept, notation,
order, equality,
types of matrices,
zero and identity
matrix, transpose
of a matrix,
symmetric and skew
symmetric matrices.
Operation on
matrices: Addition
and multiplication Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
and multiplication
(i) If P represents the matrix of number of units of each type produced by factory A for
with a scalar.
both boys and girls, then P is given by
Simple properties
Boys Girls
of addition, I II III
I 85 50
multiplication
(a) II 65 55 (b) Boys 50 55 80
Girls 85 65 72
and scalar  
multiplication. III 72 80
Non-commutativity Boys Girls
I II III
of multiplication of I 80 80
matrices, Invertible (c) Boys 80 75 90 (d) II 70 75
matrices; (Here all Girls 80 70 65  
III 65 90
matrices will have
real entries). (ii) If Q represents the matrix of number of units of each type produced by factory B for
both boys and girls, then Q is given by
Boys Girls
I II III
I 85 50
(a) II 65 55 (b) Boys 50 55 80
  Girls 85 65 72
III 72 80
 Boys Girls
I II III I 80 80
(c) Boys 80 75 90 (d) II 70 75
Girls 80 70 65  
III 65 90
(iii) The total production of sports clothes of each type for boys is given by the matrix
I II III I II III I II III I II III
(a) [165 130 137] (b) [130 165 137] (c) [165 135 137] (d) [137 135 165]
(iv) The total production of sports clothes of each type for girls is given by the matrix
I II III I II III I II III
(a) [130 130 170] (b) [170 130 130] (c) [130 170 130] (d) none of these
(v) Let R be a 3 × 2 matrix that represent the total production of sports clothes of each type for boys and girls,
then transpose of R is
165 132 130 168 
165 135 137  130 130 170  
(a)   (b)   (c) 135 130 (d) 130 135 
   
130 130 170  165 135 138 137 170 170 137 

2
To promote the making of toilets for women, an organisation
tried to generate awareness through (i) house calls (ii)
emails and (iii) announcements. The cost for each mode per
attempt is given below :
(i) ` 50 (ii) ` 20 (iii) ` 40
The number of attempts made in the villages X, Y and Z are
given below :
(i) (ii) (iii)
X 400 300 100
Y 300 250 75
Z 500 400 150
Also, the chance of making of toilets corresponding to one attempt of given modes is
(i) 2% (ii) 4% (iii) 20%
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) The cost incurred by the organisation on village X is
(a) ` 10000 (b) ` 15000 (c) ` 30000 (d) ` 20000
(ii) The cost incurred by the organisation on village Y is
(a) ` 25000 (b) ` 18000 (c) ` 23000 (d) ` 28000
(iii) The cost incurred by the organisation on village Z is
(a) ` 19000 (b) ` 39000 (c) ` 45000 (d) ` 50000
(iv) The total number of toilets that can be expected after the promotion in village X, is
(a) 20 (b) 30 (c) 40 (d) 50
(v) The total number of toilets that can be expected after the promotion in village Z, is
(a) 26 (b) 36 (c) 46 (d) 56

3
Three car dealers, say A, B and C, deals in three types of cars, namely Hatchback cars, Sedan cars, SUV cars.
The sales figure of 2019 and 2020 showed that dealer A sold 120 Hatchback, 50 Sedan, 10 SUV cars in 2019 and
300 Hatchback, 150 Sedan, 20 SUV cars in 2020; dealer B sold 100 Hatchback, 30 Sedan, 5 SUV cars in 2019 and
200 Hatchback, 50 Sedan, 6 SUV cars in 2020; dealer C sold 90 Hatchback, 40 Sedan, 2 SUV cars in 2019 and
100 Hatchback, 60 Sedan, 5 SUV cars in 2020.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) The matrix summarizing sales data of 2019 is
Hatchback Sedan SUV Hatchback Sedan SUV
A 300 150 20 A 120 50 10
200 100 5 
(a) B
 50 6  (b) B
 30
C 100 30 5  C 90 40 2 

Hatchback Sedan SUV Hatchback Sedan SUV

A 100 30 5  A 200 50 6 
(c) B 120 50 10 (d) B 100 30 5 
 
C 90 40 2  C 300 150 20

(ii) The matrix summarizing sales data of 2020 is

Hatchback Sedan SUV Hatchback Sedan SUV
A 300 150 20 A 120 50 10
(a) (b) B 100 5 
B 200 50 6   60
C 100 60 5  C 90 40 2 

Hatchback Sedan SUV Hatchback Sedan SUV

A 100 60 5  A 200 50 6 
(c) 120 (d) B 100 5 
B  50 10  60
C 90 40 2  C 300 150 20
(iii) The total number of cars sold in two given years, by each dealer, is given by the matrix
Hatchback Sedan SUV Hatchback Sedan SUV
A 190 100 7  A 300 80 11 
(a) (b) B 190 7 
B 300 80 11   100
C  420 200 30 C  420 200 30
Hatchback Sedan SUV
A  420 200 30
(c) B 300 80 11  (d) None of these

C 190 100 7 
(iv) The increase in sales from 2019 to 2020 is given by the matrix
Hatchback Sedan SUV Hatchback Sedan SUV
A 180 100 10 A 10 20 3 
(a) B 10 20 1  (b) B 100 20 1 
 
C 100 20 3  C 180 100 10
 Hatchback Sedan SUV Hatchback Sedan SUV
A 180 100 10 A 100 20 3 
(c) B 100 1  (d)
 20 B 180 100 10
C 10 20 3  C 10 20 3 
(v) If each dealer receive profit of ` 50000 on sale of a Hatchback, ` 100000 on sale of a Sedan and ` 200000
on sale of a SUV, then amount of profit received in the year 2020 by each dealer is given by the matrix.
A 30000000 A 12000000  A 34000000 A 15000000 
   
(a) B 15000000  (b) B 16200000  (c) B 16200000  (d) B 30000000
   
C 12000000  C 34000000 C 12000000  C 12000000 

A trust fund has ` 35000 that must be invested in two different types of bonds, say X and Y. The first bond pays
10% interest p.a. which will be given to an old age home and second one pays 8% interest p.a. which will be given
to WWA (Women Welfare Association).
Let A be a 1 × 2 matrix and B be a 2 × 1 matrix, representing the investment and interest rate on each bond
respectively.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) If ` 15000 is invested in bond X, then
Investment
X Y
X 15000 
(a) A = 20000 ; B =  0 . 1 0 . 08 Interest rate
Y  
Interest rate
X Y
X  0. 1 
(b) A = Investment 15000 20000; B =
Y 0.08
Interest rate
X Y
X 0.08
(c) A = Investment 20000 15000; B =
Y  0.1 
(d) None of these
(ii) If ` 15000 is invested in bond X, then total amount of interest received on both bonds is
(a) ` 2000 (b) ` 2100 (c) ` 3100 (d) ` 4000
(iii) If the trust fund obtains an annual total interest of ` 3200, then the investment in two bonds is
(a) ` 15000 in X, ` 20000 in Y (b) ` 17000 in X, ` 18000 in Y
(c) ` 20000 in X, ` 15000 in Y (d) ` 18000 in X, ` 17000 in Y
(iv) The total amount of interest received on both bonds is given by
(a) AB (b) A′B (c) B′A (d) none of these
(v) If the amount of interest given to old age home is ` 500, then the amount of investment in bond Y is
(a) ` 20000 (b) ` 30000 (c) ` 15000 (d) ` 25000

Three schools A, B and C organized a mela for

collecting funds for helping the rehabilitation of
flood victims. They sold hand made fans, mats and
plates from recycled material at a cost of ` 25, ` 100
and ` 50 each. The number of articles sold by school
A, B, C are given below.
School A B C
Article
Fans 40 25 35
Mats 50 40 50
Plates 20 30 40
Based on above information, answer the following questions.
(i) If P be a 3 × 3 matrix represent the sale of handmade fans, mats and plates by three schools A, B and C, then
Fans Mats Plates Fans Mats Plates
A  40 50 20  A  25 40 20
 25 40 30   35 40 30
(a) P = B (b) P = B  
 
C  35 50 40 C  40 50 20
Fans Mats Plates Fans Mats Plates
A  40 25 35  A  25 35 40
(c) P = B 50 40 50  (d) P = B  40 40 50 
   
C 20 30 40 C 20 30 20 

(ii) If Q be a 3 × 1 matrix represent the sale prices (in `) of given products per unit, then
 25  Fans Fans Mats Plates Fans Mats Plates
 25  Fans
 
(a) Q =  50  Mats (b) Q = 25 50 100 (c) Q = 25 100 50 (d) Q = 100 Mats
 
100 Plates  50  Plates

(iii) The funds collected by school A by selling the given articles is

(a) ` 7000 (b) ` 6125 (c) ` 7875 (d) ` 8000
(iv) The funds collected by school B by selling the given articles is
(a) ` 5125 (b) ` 6125 (c) ` 7125 (d) ` 8125
(v) The total funds collected for the required purpose is
(a) ` 20000 (b) ` 21000 (c) ` 30000 (d) ` 35000

6
Two farmers Shyam and Balwan Singh cultivate only three varieties of pulses namely Urad, Masoor and Mung.
The sale (in `) of these varieties of pulses by both the farmers in the month of September and October are given
by the following matrices A and B.
 September sales (in `) October sales (in `)
Urad Masoor Mung Urad Masoor Mung
10000 20000 30000 Shyam  5000 10000 6000  Shyam
A=  B=
50000 30000 10000  Balwan Singh 20000 10000 10000 Balwan Singh
Using algebra of matrices, answer the following questions.
(i) The combined sales of Masoor in September and October, for farmer Balwan Singh, is
(a) ` 80000 (b) ` 90000 (c) ` 40000 (d) ` 135000
(ii) The combined sales of Urad in September and October, for farmer Shyam is
(a) ` 20000 (b) ` 30000 (c) ` 36000 (d) ` 15000
(iii) Find the decrease in sales of Mung from September to October, for the farmer Shyam.
(a) ` 24000 (b) ` 10000 (c) ` 30000 (d) No change
(iv) If both farmers receive 2% profit on gross sales, compute the profit for each farmer and for each variety sold
in October.
Urad Masoor Mung
Urad Masoor Mung
100 200 220 Shyam
(a)   Balwan Singh (b) 100 200 120  Shyam
400 300 200 
 
400 200 200 Balwan Singh
Urad Masoor Mung Urad Masoor Mung
(c) 150 200 220 Shyam (d) 100 200 120  Shyam
400 200 280 Balwan Singh 250 200 220 Balwan Singh
 
(v) Which variety of pulse has the highest selling value in the month of September for the farmer Balwan Singh?
(a) Urad (b) Masoor
(c) \Mung (d) All of these have the same price

7
A manufacturer produces three types of bolts, x, y and z which he sells in two markets. Annual sales (in `) are
indicated below :
 Markets Products
x y z
I 10000 2000 18000
II 6000 20000 8000
If unit sales prices of x, y and z are ` 2.50, ` 1.50 and ` 1.00 respectively, then answer the following questions
using the concept of matrices.
(i) Find the total revenue collected from the Market-I.
(a) ` 44000 (b) ` 48000 (c) ` 46000 (d) ` 53000
(ii) Find the total revenue collected from the Market-II.
(a) ` 51000 (b) ` 53000 (c) ` 46000 (d) ` 49000
(iii) If the unit costs of the above three commodities are ` 2.00, ` 1.00 and 50 paise respectively, then find the
gross profit from both the markets.
(a) ` 53000 (b) ` 46000 (c) ` 34000 (d) ` 32000
(iv) If matrix A = [aij]2×2, where aij = 1, if i ≠ j and aij = 0 if i = j, then A2 is equal to
(a) I (b) A (c) O (d) none of these
(v) If A and B are matrices of same order, then (AB′– BA′) is a
(a) skew-symmetric matrix (b) null matrix (c) symmetric matrix (d) unit matrix

8
If A = [aij]m × n and B = [bij]m × n are two matrices, then A ± B is of order m × n and is defined as
(A ± B)ij = aij ± bij, where i = 1, 2, ......, m and j = 1, 2, ....... , n
If A = [aij]m × n and B = [bjk]n × p are two matrices, then AB is of order m × p and is defined as
n
( AB )ik = ∑ air brk = ai1b1k + ai 2b2 k + ..... + ainbnk
r =1
2 −1 5 2  2 5 a b 
Consider A =   , B = 7 4 , C = 3 8 and D =  c d 
 3 4       
Using the concept of matrices answer the following questions.
(i) Find the product AB.
3 0 0 3 43 22 22 43
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
43 22 22 43 0 3 3 0
(ii) If A and B are any other two matrices such that AB exists, then
(a) BA does not exist (b) BA will be equal to AB
(c) BA may or may not exist (d) None of these
(iii) Find the values of a and c in the matrix D such than CD – AB = 0.
(a) a = 77, c = –191 (b) a = –191, c = 77 (c) a = 191, c = 77 (d) a = 91, c = 70
(iv) Find the values of b and d in the matrix D such that CD – AB = 0.
(a) b = 44, d = –110 (b) b = 110, d = 44 (c) b = –110, d = 44 (d) b = –44, d = 110
(v) Find B + D.
 80 200  84 48  186 108  −186 −108
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d) 
115 105 180 181 −84 −48  84 48 
 9

Consider 2 families A and B. Suppose there are 4 men, 4 women and 4 children in family A and 2 men, 2 women
and 2 children in family B. The recommend daily amount of calories is 2400 for a man, 1900 for a woman, 1800
for a children and 45 grams of proteins for a man, 55 grams for a woman and 33 grams for children.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) The requirement of calories and proteins for each person in matrix form can be represented as
Calories Proteins Calories Proteins
Man 2400 45 Man 1900 55
(a) (b)
Woman 1900 55 Woman 2400 45
Children 1800 33 Children 1800 33

Calories Proteins Calories Proteins

Man 1800 33 Man 2400 33
(c) (d)
Woman 1900 55 Woman 1900 55
Children 2400 45 Children 1800 45

(ii) Requirement of calories of family A is

(a) 24000 (b) 24400 (c) 15000 (d) 15800
(iii) Requirement of proteins for family B is
(a) 560 grams (b) 332 grams (c) 266 grams (d) 300 grams
(iv) If A and B are two matrices such that AB = B and BA = A, then A2 + B2 equals
(a) 2AB (b) 2BA (c) A + B (d) AB
(v) If A = (aij)m × n , B = (bij)n × p and C = (cij)p × q , then the product (BC)A is possible only when
(a) m = q (b) n = q (c) p = q (d) m = p

10

Three shopkeepers A, B and C go to a store to buy stationary.

A purchase 12 dozen notebooks, 5 dozen pens and 6 dozen pencils. B
purchases 10 dozen notebooks, 6 dozen pens and 7 dozen pencils. C
purchases 11 dozen notebooks, 13 dozen pens and 8 dozen pencils. A
notebook costs ` 40, a pen costs ` 12 and a pencil costs ` 3.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) The number of items purchased by shopkeepers A, B and C represented in matrix form as
Notebooks pens pencils Notebooks pens pencils
144 60 72 A 144 72 60 A

(a) 120 72 84 B (b) 120 84 72 B
   
132 156 96 C 132 156 96 C
Notebooks pens pencils Notebooks pens pencils
144 72 72 A 144 60 60 A
(c) 120 156 84 B (d) 120 84 72 B
   
132 84 96 C 132 156 96 C
(ii) If Y represents the matrix formed by the cost of each item, then XY equals
5740 6696 5916 6740
(a) 6780 (b) 5916 (c) 6696 (d) 5740
       
8040 7440 7440 8140
(iii) Bill of A is equal to
(a) ` 6740 (b) ` 8140 (c) ` 5740 (d) ` 6696
(iv) If A2 = A, then (A + I)3 – 7A =
(a) A (b) A – I (c) I (d) A + I
(v) If A and B are 3 × 3 matrices such that A2 – B2 = (A – B) (A + B), then
(a) either A or B is zero matrix (b) either A or B is unit matrix
(c) A = B (d) AB = BA