1 - Introduction

2 - The AK 95 Softwar
aree structur
Softwar structuree
- about the arrays, variables, functions and processes.

3 - Gambro eXternal Logging

- connecting a PC to the AK 95.

4 - The AK 95 Functional cchec

hec
heckk
- describes, in detail, all the tests performed during the functional
check.

5 - The AK 95 Control systems

- describes all the control systems in the FM part.

6 - The AK 95 Diagnostics
- describes the Diagnostics section in Service mode.

7 - The AK 95 UF cell calibration

calibration
- describes the calibration and tarations of the UF cell.

8 - The AK 95 Conductivity cell

calibrations
- describes the calibrations of the conductivty cells.

9 - Trouble shooting
- space for your own notes.

10 -
HCEN9157 Rev 02.2002
Introduction
This manual accompanies the service training course “AK 95 Extended”.

It is assumed that the reader has attended the training courses “AK 95 Basic” or “AK 90S
Basic” and has at least a few months hands-on experience with the AK 95 or the AK 90S.
An absolute minimum experience with PCs and Windows is necessary when using the GXL
program (G G ambro Ex x ternal L ogging).

ITS, Per Capert

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The AK 95 Softwar
aree structur
Softwar structuree
Arrays and variables
The most useful variables in the AK 95 (several thousands) are placed in arrays which can
be accessed by logging. Each variable array carries a 3 letter name, e.g. FRI. The names refer
to the variable’s type. Other arrays contain so-called functions and processes (a kind of
subroutines), other contain constants. Function-, process- and constant arrays have 2 letter
names. Here is a total overview of all the AK 95’s arrays:

Control system Protective system

Operator's comm vars:
ORB(OB_ ) CPU C CPU P
ORD(OD_) EEPROM vars:
ORI(OI_ ) EB(EEB_ )
ORL(O_ ) EI(EEI_ )
ORR(OR_ ) EL(EEL_ )
ORW(OW_ ) ER(EER_ ) I2C
OF(OF_) EW(EEW_ )
Mailed from P to C
Fluid vars: Common vars: Protective vars:
FF(FF_ ) CRL(CL_) PE (P to C event)
FRD(FD_) CRI(CI_) PRL(P_) CPU W
Watchdog
FRB(FB_ ) CRB(CB_) PRB(PB_)
FRI(FI_ ) CRR(CR_) PRI(PI_)
FRL(F_ ) CRW(CW_) PRW(PW_)
FRR(FR_ ) CRD(CD_) PRR(PR_)
FRW(FW_ ) CF(CF_)

Blood vars: EPROM constants: Watchdog vars:

BF(BF_) *PB(EPB_ ) WRL(W_)
BRB(BB_ ) *PI(EPI_ ) WRI(WI_)
BRD(BD_) *PL(EPL_ ) WRW(WW_)
BRI(BI_ ) *PR(EPR_ )
BRL(B_ ) *PW(EPW_ )
BRR(BR_ ) *PD(EPD_ )
BRW(BW_ ) * = Can not be logged

Processes: Service vars:

BP: Blood SRP()
CP: Common SRB()
FPD: Fluid, disinfection SRI()
FPF: Fluid, functional check SRL()
FPS: Fluid, service SRR()
FPT: Fluid, treatment
OPP: Operator's,preset
OPS: Operator's, service
OPT: Operator's, treatment

The Logging List

The complete list of AK 95 variables are found in HCEN 9092 – “Complete CPU C Logging
List”.

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The variable names

The names of the variables in the list are made up of plain-language words and a prefix. The
prefix is a combination of the source CPU name (Blood, Fluid, etc. and the variable type
(Byte, Word, etc.). A few examples:

• The prefix of the variables in the BRL-array is B_ – meaning Blood, RAM, Logic
• The prefix of the variables in the BRB-array is BB_ – meaning Blood, RAM, Byte
• ...

PROM (E2PROM and EPROM) variables:

• The prefix of the variables in the EI-array is EEI_ – meaning E 2 PROM, Integer
• The prefix of the variables in the PI-array is EPI_ – meaning EPROM, Integer

The E2PROM values can not be logged – they are constants.

The index numbers move

Typically, when a new AK 95 program version is issued, variables are changed, and some are
added or removed. This means that the index numbers mo mov ve! As a consequence it is crucial
to use the logging list corresponding to the actual program version, otherwise the user may
log what he or she believes to be a certain variable, while in reality it is something else.

This does not apply, though, to the S-arrays (Service arrays). These contain a selection of the
variables which are most useful during service work, and their index number do not change
with the program versions, and new variables are always added to the end of the S-list.

“Format”

Another benefit of using S-variables is that they auto-scale, i.e. the decimal point is always
placed correctly. In case of logging non-S-variables, the user must determine the position of
the decimal point by reading the “Scale”-information in the comment column in the logging
list (if “Scale” is stated, which unfortunately isn’t always the case). Example (PROM 2.04):

FI_HPGPR 36 A/D conversion function

CC10)
Measured HPG pressure
Scale 1/10 mmHg

“Scale 1/10 mmHg” means that the smallest change in the pressure value is expressed in
tenths of mmHg.

The practical consequence is that the user must pay attention to the entry “FORMAT” in the
array and index display in “Internal logging” (and select “10” in the above case):

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 FIELD ARRAY INDEX FORMAT
0 BRB 0-99 1
BRI 10
BRL 100
BRR 1000
BRW 10000
BF HEX
BP
FRB
FRI
FRL
FRR
FRW ADC array: A/D channels in CPU C
FF Index
FPF 0 Degassing pressure
FPT 1 Temperature in heater rod (Not used)
FPD 2 Not used
FPS 3 Not used
CRB 4 Not used
CRD 5 Regulator temperature
CRI 6 Board temperature
CRL 7 Flow pump current
CRR 8 Suction pump current
CRW 9 Valve current
CF 10 UF cell coil current
CP 11 Not used
EB 12 Venous pressure
EI 13 HPG pressure
EL 14 Reference ground
ER 15 Reference voltage
EW
ADC ADM array: A/D channels in the MM 95
ADM Index
PRB 0 Conductivity cell A
PRL 1 Temperature (cell A)
PRW 2 Conductivity cell B
PRR 3 Temperature (cell B)
WRL 4 Valve current
WRI 5 Board temperature
WRW 6 Reference ground
PRI 7 Reference voltage
SRP
SRB "FORMAT" is The effect of forgetting to set “FORMAT” is simply a risk of
SRD inactive when
having the decimal point wrongly placed, like this:
SRI S-arrays are
SRL selected...
SRR
SRW LOGGING SRI-034 FRI-017 SRI-022
ORB DISPLAY -609.2 - 6092 -2.1
ORI
ORL
ORR "FORMAT" = "1"
ORW
OF
OPT The example shows the degassing pressure being logged
OPP both as S-variable and as the original FRI(FI_DEGASS$PR)).
OPS

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Software structure

MTOS Operating system

• Controls timing & scheduling
• Calls Tasks

TASKS Task
• Calls Transition Controllers
• Calls functions

Transition Controllers (TRCs) TRC

• Constantly checks
logical variables in processes,
i.e have they made a transition
from TRUE to FALSE or vice versa

Process
Processes
• Sets functions to different states

Set

Functions Function
• The link to hardware
• Controls all hardware

Hardware

The software structure in the AK 95 machines is based upon a so-called Multi Tasking Oper-
ating System (MTOS), i.e. an operating system capable of handling several programs at the
same time. It controls timing and scheduling, and calls the Tasks.

Tasks calls the Transition Controllers (TRCs) and the functions.

The TraCos calls processes.

The processes set the functions to different states.

The functions are the link between software and hardware. When a function is called, some-
thing physical happens: a led lights up, a motor slows down, a valve closes.

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 The Transition Controller concept, developed by Gambro, is a software structure which
constantly checks logical variables in processes – looking for transitions, i.e. that a logical
variable changes from TRUE to FALSE or vice versa.

A transition can be, e.g. that a concentrate stick is taken out of the MM95, that a pump door
is closed, or that a pressure has reached a certain, stable value.

Processes and functions

The processes are the only part of the AK 95 software which is of real interest to the serv-
ice technician.

A process is divided into states, starting with 0. The highest state, 255, indicates that the
process is inactive.

Process
state 0
state 1
-
-
state n

state 255
(=inactive)

Processes have names and index numbers like variables, e.g.:

FPT(013) = BICARTPRIMPROC (@PROM 7.00)

That can be logged just as the physical parameters can – the result shows the active state in
the process.

In the service variables SRB(), it is possible to find all the disinfection processes and a few
processes in the function check and the UF-cell calibration.

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 Gambro External Logging
The Gambro External Logging ..................................................................... 2
Hardware connections ............................................................................................................. 2
A few terms .............................................................................................................................. 2
How to run the GXL. .............................................................................................................. 3
Main menu .............................................................................................................................. 3
Logging mode .......................................................................................................................... 3
Save a logging ......................................................................................................................... 4
Readback file ........................................................................................................................... 4
Monitor ..................................................................................................................................... 4
Modem init ............................................................................................................................... 4
Program version ...................................................................................................................... 5
Logging type ............................................................................................................................ 5
Com Port and Baud Rate ......................................................................................................... 5
Delete Control block ................................................................................................................. 5
Start and Exit ............................................................................................................................ 5
Monitor Logging .................................................................................................................... 6
File menu ................................................................................................................................. 6
Remarks menu ......................................................................................................................... 6
Windows menu ........................................................................................................................ 6
Options menu ........................................................................................................................... 7
Documents menu ..................................................................................................................... 7
Help menu ................................................................................................................................ 8
Important! ............................................................................................................................... 9
Readback ............................................................................................................................... 9
Using Readback ..................................................................................................................... 9
View log setup ..................................................................................................................... 10
Checking a setup ................................................................................................................... 10
Directory overview .............................................................................................................. 10
Directory of the GXL ............................................................................................................... 10

HCEN9157 Rev. 02.2002 The AK 95 Gambro External logging 3-1

The Gambro External Logging
The logging abilities of the AK 95 are not confined to just looking at three fields in the information display.
With a PC connected to the machine, variables can be fetched and displayed in text and graphics. This is
called GXL-logging (Gambro eXternal Logging). All that is needed is a PC, a cable, and the GXL-pro-
gram. The cable can be connected even when the AK 95 is switched on and the AK 95 is running.

Hardware connections

D-SUB, 9 PIN, FEMALE

DB-25 AK 95 1 2 3 4 5
connector
MAIN SWITCH
PC
(Com Port 1) 6 7 8 9

YELLOW

GREEN
BLUE
RS-232 AK 95
PC 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14

D-SUB, 25 PIN, MALE

AK 95 Communication cable

A few terms

Some expressions in the GXL menus call for a little explanation: A control block (or blocks) is a chunk of
data which GXL transmits to the AK 95, where it is placed somewhere in the memory. It is a list of the
variables about to be logged, i.e. constantly sent to the PC plus information about how often they are to be
logged.

The block is sent as soon as a logging setup is selected, and the block is removed when the setup is
finished. Control blocks can also be removed manually.

Sampling is made of the blood part every 0.5 second and in thefluid part a sampling is made every 1.5
seconds.

A display file is a text file which defines how the display screens in a setup shall look, i.e. which variables
displayed as text, how many graphs, etc. It is also possible to start a setup with the display file only in
order to see which variables are available.

A slide is a bargraph with a handle, it can be used as an indicator or as an input device.

When a certain event or state in for instance the Fch is to be studied the readback can be used.
Readback is a very useful feature when trouble shooting is made. Readback means that a rerun is made
in fast or slow motion.
HCEN9157 Rev. 02.2002 The AK 95 Gambro External logging 3-2
How to run the GXL.

If GXL is started from menu the GXL icon is pressed or if the computer runs on Windows 95 or higher it is
possible to start from “START” menu.

GXL icon

Main menu
Logging mode

This is where the different logging modes can be selected. The alternatives are:

Monitor logging, this is used when logging a monitor.

Readback, this is the replay menu of an already logged monitor. If a log file is to be read, this menu has to
be chosen. Then the desired log file has to be clicked. The correct directory will be open if the right
monitor and program version is selected. File names of the log files consist of date and time when the
Save log has been “checked” (time from the computer, MMDDTTTT.log or as the operator named it with
the extension: log).

View log setup, is used when preparations for logging are made for instance before a trouble shooting. In
this menu setup can be viewed before the monitor is connected to the computer so the right variables are
displayed. This may save valuable time since the right setup may save a lot of time not have to restart the
machine.

HCEN9157 Rev. 02.2002 The AK 95 Gambro External logging 3-3

Save a logging

To save a log, the check box must be clicked. Then the computer will create a file name. It is of course
possible to edit this name to anything. The files will be stored under the chosen monitor and program
version. The folder name is “Logfiles” and it can be found in the GXL folder. If a logging has been saved
and a new logging is to be saved, the check box must be unchecked and checked again. Then a new name
will be created. Only one type of logging is saved i.e. if the Fluid monitor is logged then the only thing that
can be replayed is the Fluid monitor.

Readback file

If Readback has been chosen then the selected file name appears in this box.

Monitor

Here is the type of device that is to be logged.

Modem init

Is used when a remote logging is done.

HCEN9157 Rev. 02.2002 The AK 95 Gambro External logging 3-4

Program version

This is where the program version is set. If the wrong program version is chosen there will be an atten-
tion. Note that this attention does not appear when logging an AK 95 (4.00 or earlier) if there is a program
version mismatch. If it is not possible to find the correct program version, contact your Gambro repre-
sentative for an update.

Logging type

This is where the different kinds of logging can be chosen, what part or function of the machine, monitor.
It is only possible to do readback on the part that has been logged. More about that further in this chapter.

Com Port and Baud Rate

The communication port is set to the port on the computer where the monitor is connected and baud rate
is automatically set to the default value. (The baud rate default value is 9600)

Delete Control block

This is used if a communication problem should occur during logging and the control blocks must be
deleted manually. The box under DELETE CONTROL BLOCK should show that each TraCo is OK,
Blood, Fluid and Opcom. If not it will show FAILED. If the button is pressed before logging, it is possible
to check the communication. The same messages will be shown.

Start and Exit

Start will of course start the logging with the chosen set up and exit is the same as quit.

HCEN9157 Rev. 02.2002 The AK 95 Gambro External logging 3-5

Monitor Logging
The following section is about what menus are available during logging.

File menu

Notes, is an empty notepad, used for making notes during a logging.

Print, makes a print of the window.

Exit, is quit, Alt-F4 or click on the x in the upper right corner will also exit the logging.

Remarks menu

For adding a comment to a logging file. Maximum 50 characters. The remark is shown in a text window
with a time stamp.

Windows menu

Information, will open the status window. The window shown when initialising and terminating the GXL.

Prog. ver, shows the program version of the monitor that is being logged. In the details window you can
get more information about program version and control block status.

Next/Previous, will take you to next or previous window.

HCEN9157 Rev. 02.2002 The AK 95 Gambro External logging 3-6

 The following windows are specified in the logging setup, they are different in all Logging Types, except
the Overview. Overview will show all logged data as numeric with variable name. The logic variables
are indicated with 0 (FALSE) and 255 (TRUE). The name on the left is a local variable name and the one
on the right is the variable name in the dialysis machine.

Options menu

Both axes can be changed. Put -1 in Grid Division and the scaling of grid division is automatic.

The scaling of the X-axes can be changed in active graph or all graphs in all windows. This is done by
selecting “Change active graph” or “Change all x-axes”.

When selecting Axes, this window will appear. This window can also be opened by double clicking in a
graph with the left mouse button.

Documents menu

In the Documents menu all documents relevant to the logging are accessible such as the Error Code List
and Service Logging List corresponding to the chosen program version.

When a document is opened the Ultra Edit program will be started. By clicking on the binoculars it is
possible to search the document for a key word or a code (numbers).

HCEN9157 Rev. 02.2002 The AK 95 Gambro External logging 3-7

Help menu

Content. Will open a help Window like the one beneath.

About. Will show software copyrights and program version.

HCEN9157 Rev. 02.2002 The AK 95 Gambro External logging 3-8

Important!
Close all logging before closing the monitor or before a renewed functional check is done. If
not there might be problems with the communication.

Readback
Using Readback

The read back is used to view data or an event in a saved log.

To access the saved log file the correct monitor and program version must be selected. The next step is to
select Readback in Logging mode menu. Then the right logging is chosen in a file selection window that
will appear. Press START and then the readback or rerun of the logging is controlled by the readback
window.

The slide is a mirror of the logging time. By moving the handle forwards or backwards the different parts
of the logging can be viewed.
The numeric window to the left shows the next data block to be showed.
The middle numeric window is the speed of the readback. 1.0 means real time and double speed is 2.0
and so on.
Switch is turning the readback on and off.

HCEN9157 Rev. 02.2002 The AK 95 Gambro External logging 3-9

View log setup
Checking a setup

To view a log setup the procedure is the same as when a monitor logging is done except that in Logging
mode menu View log setup is selected. When the start button is pushed the same windows will appear as
in a monitor logging expect that no values or graphs will be displayed.

Directory overview
Directory of the GXL

The program can be placed in the root or the more usual Programs Files on the C drive. The different
monitors can be found in folders under the main GXL folder. The logfiles can be found under each pro-
gram version folder in a folder called Logfiles. The extension on these files are LOG.

HCEN9157 Rev. 02.2002 The AK 95 Gambro External logging 3-10

 The AK 95 Functional cchec
hec
heckk
POST .......................................................................................................................... 2
Test philosoph
philosophyy ......................................................................................................... 3
Functional check overview ........................................................................................ 4
Common .................................................................................................................... 5
LED test .......................................................................................................................................................... 5
Safety Relay test ............................................................................................................................................. 5
Valves test ...................................................................................................................................................... 6
Buzzer test ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
Battery test ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
Blood Monitor Test ..................................................................................................... 9
Venous Pressure test ...................................................................................................................................... 9
Venous Pressure test (zero pressure), CPU P .................................................................................................. 9
Arterial Pressure test ...................................................................................................................................... 9
Priming Detector test .................................................................................................................................... 10
Blood pump test ........................................................................................................................................... 11
Venous clamp test ........................................................................................................................................ 11
Arterial Clamp test ........................................................................................................................................ 12
Air Detector test ............................................................................................................................................ 12
High Venous Pressure test............................................................................................................................ 13
FM Functional check ................................................................................................ 1 5
Flow Switch and Heater Relay test ............................................................................................................... 16
Valves Pressure test ..................................................................................................................................... 18
DIVA/TAVA/EVVA test (“Valve pressure test”) ................................................................................................ 19
Fluid Temperature test, High and Low .......................................................................................................... 21
Blood leak Detector test ................................................................................................................................ 22
Degassing Transducer test ........................................................................................................................... 23
AIVA Test ....................................................................................................................................................... 24
Blood leak clean test .................................................................................................................................... 25
Conductivity test, (Low and High) ................................................................................................................. 26
The Cond High test, continued...................................................................................................................... 27
Error codes and number of repeated tests ............................................................... 2 9

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The AK 95 Functional Chec
Checkk
8.00
The AK 95 functional check is (like in AK 100 and AK 90S)
divided in two main parts: a POST (Power On Self Test) that
involves test of CPU, PROM and RAM. The POST is followed
by a test of the safety system. Valid for P8.00

POST
Each of the three CPUs has a seven-segment display associated with it. CPU C uses the Time-
display on the front panel, CPU W and P are found here:

Buzzer

Buzzer
Memory

CPU W CPU P

Flashing Flashing

The displays indicate the different phases in the POST:

Release reset signals to

CPU P and CPU C
If warm start...
(recovery)

CPU W
Initialize Cold or Test of internal Verification of Verification of Initialize Start Program is
ports warm start? memory and code memory data memory data memory C program running...
registers. Function init
Get recover info
(if warm start)
If warm start...
(recovery)

CPU P
Initialize ports Cold or Test of Verification of Verification of Initialize OS starts
warm start? registers code memory data memory data memory Task init
Function init
Get recover info
(if warm start)
If warm start...
(recovery)

CPU C
Initialize ports Cold or Test of Verification of Verification of Initialize OS starts Test of
warm start? registers code memory data memory data memory Task init dialysis
ON/OFF Function init hardware...
Visible... Get recover info
(if warm start)

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Test philosoph
philosophyy
After the termination of the POST, the protective system performs a functional check of all
subsystems used in supervision of the treatment, in other words, everything which has to do
with safety is tested.

During the functional check the control system acts in a slave mode, directed by the protec-
tive system.

Protective system sends a test request on which the control system acts. When the control
system has performed its task an acknowledge signal is sent back to the protective system.
Thereafter the protective system, with use of its own transducers, verifies the result of the
test.

If the test is not approved, protective system will do two things:

• send a signal to control system, indicating that the test failed

• restart the test sequence

When a signal is received in control system, indicating a test failure, the control system will
increment a dedicated error counter. If the counter exceeds a predefined limit, an error code
will be generated.

Dialysis Hardware and

CPU P transducers
CPU C transducers

P P

Test request

CPU P Acknowledge CPU C

Failed,
repeat test

Error count+1
if count>x then Technical Error

AK 95 Test Philosophy

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Functional check overview
The check is divided into three main sections:

Common tests
• LED test
• Safety relay test
AK 95 Fch
• Valves test

• Buzzer test
• Battery test

BM Tests FM Tests
Venous Flow switch
pressure and
zero test heater relay test

Arterial High
pressure temperature
zero test test

Priming DIVA/TAVA
detector test test

Low
Blood pump Blood leak
conductivity detector test
test
test

& High
Venous clamp & conductivity
test
test
BM1 FM1
Arterial clamp Air detector Degassing
test test pressure test

AIVA test

&
&

BM2 FM2
Venous Blood leak Low
pressure detector, temperature
high test clean test test

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Common
LED test

The LEDs are lit (typically for 2 seconds, maximum 10 seconds) during the Safety Relay test
and the Buzzer test. No current measurement takes place, making it the operators responsi-
bility to check that all LED’s are lit.

Safety Relay test

Test objective: To verify that the Safety Relay is able to cut off and switch on +24V.

This is tested by monitoring a valve current:

+24V

Safety Relay

Valves
Current = open valve
Valve control
signal(s)
Driver
circuits

R UR UR
= Current in valve solenoid(s)
R

The test starts with deactivating all the valves, by disconnecting the safety relay. The so-
called reference current – a measurement offset error – is determined. It should, of course,
be very close to zero.

In the following tests, the reference current is used to compensate the current measure-
ment.

Conditions Evaluations & Actions Error codes

Safety relay Off, If the reference current is too high (>100 mA),
BYVA Off then repeat test until error code is generated C COFB 088 050

Safety relay On, If (meas current)–(reference current) is too low

BYVA On (<100 mA), then repeat test until error code is C COFB 088 052
generated

Safety relay Off, If (meas current)–(reference current) is too high

BYVA On (>50 mA), then repeat test until error code is C COFB 088 051
generated

Safety relay On, If (meas current)–(reference current) is too low(

BYVA On <100 mA), then repeat test until error code is C COFB 088 053
generated

Safety relay On, If (meas current)–(reference current) is too high

BYVA Off (>50 mA), then repeat test until error code is C COFB 088 054
generated

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Valves test

Test objective:

To verify that the CPU P and C can control important valves in the fluid part. (i.e. set the
fluid in bypass incase of an alarm.)

The test is carried out and the results are measured differently depending on how the valve
is controlled. By one or two CPUs. The current is measured when the valves are closed and
the measure current must be <100 mA. For the valve to be considered open the current
must be the current measured when the valve was closed with at least 100 mA added.
(Open current must be >closed valve current + 100 mA). All tests are carried out with the
safety relay leading current. During the BYVA test the currents measured by the Protective
system and the Control system are added and the added values are used when the test is
evaluated.
.

+24V +24V

Safety Relay Safety Relay

BYVA Current = open valve

DIVA Current = open valve

Valve control
signal CPU P

Driver Valve control Valve control

circuits signal CPU C signal CPU P
Valve control
signal CPU C

U R R U
CPU C CPU C CPU P CPU P
R CPU P UR UR
= Current in valve solenoid(s)
R
UR
= Current in valve solenoid(s)
R

+24V

Safety Relay

EVVA TAVA
Current = open valve
Valve control
signal(s) from
CPU P

R UR UR
CPU P = Current in valve solenoid(s)
R

How the actual testing is done can be found on the next page.

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 The actual test...

Conditions Evaluations & Actions Error codes

CPU P closes CPU P requests CPU C to close EVVA and DIVA.
C COFF 088 097
EVVA, DIVA CPU C does not acnoledge, then repeat test
until error code is generated
CPU P and C If current is too high, then repeat test until error
closes EVVA, code is generated
DIVA, BYVA, C COFF 088 098
TAVA
CPU P and C If current is too low, then repeat test until error
code is generated C COFF 088 099
opens DIVA
CPU P closes If current is too high,then repeat test until error
CPU C opens code is generated C COFF 088 100
DIVA

CPU P closes If current is too high,then repeat test until error

C COFF 088 101
CPU C opens code is generated
DIVA

CPU P opens If current is too low,then repeat test until error

CPU C opens code is generated C COFF 088 102
BYVA

CPU P closes If current is too low,then repeat test until error

CPU C opens code is generated C COFF 088 103
BYVA

CPU P opens If current is too low,then repeat test until error

CPU C closes code is generated C COFF 088 104
BYVA

CPU P opens If current is too low,then repeat test until error

C COFF 088 105
TAVA code is generated

CPU P opens If current is too low,then repeat test until error C COFF 088 106
EVVA code is generated

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Buzzer test

There are two buzzers and one microphone connected to CPU P.

Conditions Evaluations & Actions Error codes

Buzzer Buzzer Buzzer

Enable CPU P CPU W
If any buzzer sounds, then repeat test until
error code is generated
False Off Off C COFB 088 020
If buzzer P is quiet, then repeat test until
True On Off error code is generated C COFB 088 018
If any buzzer sounds, then repeat test unti
True Off Off error code is generated C COFB 088 019
If buzzer W is quiet, then repeat test until
True Off On error code is generated C COFB 088 022
If any buzzer sounds, then repeat test until
error code is generated
True Off Off C COFB 088 021

Battery test

Conditions Evaluations & Actions Error codes

No load on If measured battery voltage is too low (<7.5 V) Attention alarm/

battery then repeat test C COFB 088 096

Battery loaded If measured battery voltage is too low (<6.0 V) Attention alarm/
with 50 mA then repeat test C COFB 088 096

BATTERY FAILIURE
Change battery or press select

The attention is possible to mute and continue. If then a power failure occurs the machine
could switch off without any buzzer alarming and with no automatic start when the power
returns. If the battery is not charged, after four start ups there will be an error code. The
battery then have to be exchanged before the next treatment can be performed.

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Blood Monitor Test
Venous Pressure test

This test is made out of two parts, a zero pressure test and a high pressure test, performed
later in the Fch:

Measured pressure, mmHg

Venous pressure
high test

+200

Venous pressure
low test

0 Applied pressure, mmHg

0 +200

The venous pressure tests

Venous Pressure test (zero pressure), CPU P

Conditions Evaluations & Actions Error codes
Venous pressure Measure venous pressure, if pressure >10 mmHg Attention alarm
transducer open or pressure <-10 mmHg then repeat test

If the test fails, the test repeats while this attention is issued:

DISCONNECT VENOUS PRESSURE

Press VENOUS key to confirm

Arterial Pressure test

Conditions Evaluations & Actions Error codes
Venous pressure Measure venous pressure, if pressure >10 mmHg Attention alarm
transducer open or pressure <-10 mmHg then repeat test

If the test fails, the test repeats while this attention is issued:

DISCONNECT ARTERIAL PRESSURE

Press ART PRES to confirm

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Priming Detector test

The receiving side of the priming detector is a two channel device, with one channel going
to CPU W and the other to CPU P:

CPU W
DAC Transmitter Receiver
CPU P
CPU P

ADC R
CPU W
Current measurement

During calibration the DAC value is stored in CPU P SafeRAM protected by a checksum. The
transmitter current is stored by CPU W, also checksum-protected.

These values are used at start-up, and after the test.

First a check that the priming detector is empty:

Conditions Evaluations & Actions Error codes

Priming Detector Priming empty? If not, i.e. darkness, an attention

Receiver, CPU P alarm is generated, no blood or line Attention alarm
Priming Detector Priming empty? If not, i.e. darkness, an attention
Receiver, CPU W alarm is generated, no blood or line Attention alarm

BLOOD IN PRIMING DETECTOR

Function check stopped

When the blockage disappears, then the Fch will continue, i.e. the Fch will be halted until no
blood is detected (or no tube in the clamp).

Then follows the actual priming detector test:

Conditions Evaluations & Actions Error codes

If not received, then repeat test until error code
Get calibration
is generated
current C COFB 088 042

Measure actual If it is too far away from calibration value, then

transmit current repeat test until error code is generated C COFB 088 043

Set transmit current If P channel senses light, then repeat test until
to zero error code is generated C COFB 088 046

do. If W channel senses light, then repeat test until

error code is generated C COFB 088 047

Increase to If P channel senses darkness, then repeat test

calibration current until error code is generated C COFB 088 048
do. If W channel senses darkness, then repeat test
until error code is generated C COFB 088 049

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Blood pump test

Two signals are associated with the blood pump: the Blood Pump Edge signal (rotation
guard, Hall effect transducer), and the Blood Pump Tacho signal (digital potentiometer):

Blood pump tacho

(speed)
360˚
Blood pump edge signal TRUE
(Pump turning)
FALSE

Conditions Evaluations & Actions Error codes

Pump enabled by If edge signal is missing & tacho signal is too low,
CPU P & W then repeat test until error code is generated C COFB 088 008

do. If edge signal is missing & tacho signal is OK,

then repeat test until error code is generated C COFB 088 011
do. If edge signal is OK & tacho signal is too low,
thenrepeat test until error code is generated C COFB 088 013
Pump disabled by If edge signal is present & tacho signal is present,
CPU P then repeat test until error code is generated C COFB 088 010
Pump enabled by If edge signal is missing & tacho signal is too low,
CPU P then repeat test until error code is generated C COFB 088 009
do. If edge signal is missing & tacho signal is OK,
then repeat test until error code is generated C COFB 088 012
do. If edge signal is OK & tacho signal is too low,
then repeat test until error code is generated C COFB 088 014
Pump disabled by If edge signal is present & tacho signal is present,
CPU W then repeat test until error code is generated C COFB 088 015

Venous clamp test

Conditions Evaluations & Actions Error codes

Clamp opened by If the clamp is not opened, then repeat test until
CPU P & W error code is generated C COFB 088 069
Clamp closed by If the clamp is not closed, then repeat test until
CPU P error code is generated C COFB 088 072
Clamp opened by If the clamp is not opened, then repeat test until
CPU P error code is generated C COFB 088 070
Clamp closed by If the clamp is not closed, then repeat test until
CPU W error code is generated C COFB 088 073
Clamp opened by If the clamp is not opened, then repeat test until
CPU W error code is generated C COFB 088 071

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Arterial Clamp test

The arterial clamp is tested. If the test fails, one error code will be issued: C COFB 088 074

Air Detector test

This test lies in the second part of the Blood Part Test, since the test is based on a filled
venous drip chamber. That means that priming must be engaged, i.e. the blood pump must
be able to run.

The Air Detector receiver is a two-channel device:

Receiver Receiver
CPU P
amplifier PLD
Transmitter
logic RX

Receiver Receiver
amplifier PLD CPU W

Start condition for the test is no alarm, i.e. a filled venous drip chamber. The test starts when
this is fulfilled.

Conditions Evaluations & Actions Error codes

Transmitter intensity Sensing air in P-channel? If not, then repeat
decreased test until error code is generated
C COFB 088 001
Sensing air in W-channel? If not, then repeat
do.
test until error code is generated
C COFB 088 002
Transmitter intensity P-channel alarm-free? If not, then repeat test
increased until error code is generated
C COFB 088 003
W-channel alarm-free? If not, then repeat test
do.
until error code is generated
C COFB 088 003

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High Venous Pressur
essuree test
Pressur

Start conditions:

• No air detector alarm

• Closed blood pump cover
• Fluid tubes attached to dialyzer

The reason for the last condition is that the machine needs to close valves before and after
the dialyzer, so that high test pressure on the blood side doesn’t escape through the mem-
brane, especially with dialysers with high UF-coefficient.

Further conditions:

• The mac hine m

machine ust not be in Autopr
must iming mode
utopriming
• The machine m
machine ust not be in Bypass, i.e. ffluid
must luid m ust ggo
must o to the dialyzer
dialyzer

When all conditions are fulfilled, an attention appears, informing the operator that
the venous pressure can be started:

READY FOR VENOUS PRESSURE TEST

Press VENOUS key to start

Confirming the attention initiates the test. If any of the conditions changes during the test,
the test is interrupted:

VENOUS PRESSURE TEST INTERRUPTED

Press SELECT to confirm

It will restart as soon as all conditions are fulfilled again.

Note!
The test will not be initiated and the attention will disappear when the priming detec-
tor detects blood.

The actual test:

The venous clamp closes, DIVA, TAVA and EVVA closes. BYVA is open to let fluid through the
FM. The blood pump is enabled and is requested to slowl
slowl y regulate to a venous pressure of
wly
+200 mmHg, measured by the Control Systems venous pressure transducer:

ZEVA
HPG
Blood Leak
P
Detector
EVVA
Draining
Restrictor
2 1
Level
Detector Deairating
Chamber
P

TAVA BYVA
DIVA

Particle
Filter

Dialyzer

Venous pressure,
control system P
–
Blood Pump Venous
pump driver drip chamber
+

Venous
Set = +200 mmHg clamp closed

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High Venous pressur
essuree test, continued
pressur

A fast response would result in overshoot, with no way of regulating (decreasing) the
pressure:

Pressure, mmHg

(Too fast response)

+200

Venous pressure, slow response

Time

If no venous pressure is measured within a time window, +60 mmHg within 30 sec, the test
is interrupted to prevent damage to the dialyzer.

This attention will be generated:

VENOUS PRESSURE TEST INTERRUPTED

Press SELECT to confirm

If the Protective System measures a pressure which is far above (>300 mmHg) the expected
+200 mmHg, the test is interrupted (again to prevent damage to the dialyzer).

This generates error code:

C COFB 088 040: CPU C regulates a too high venous pressure during the high venous
pressure test.

As soon as the Control System has reached the set pressure, the Control System venous
pressure is sent to the Protective System and compared to the Protective System venous
pressure. Provided that the Protective System venous pressure is within the range +185 –
+215 mmHg, the test is approved. If the pressure is outside the range, the test is repeated
until error code:

C COFB 088 041: The dif

diffference betw
erence een the measur
between ements fr
measurements om the vvenous
from enous pressur
pressur e
essure
transducers in CPU C and CPU P is too large.

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FM Functional check
Some of the FM tests are sequential, others run in parallel, to save time. Here’s an overview:

FM Tests
Flow switch
and
heater relay test

High
temperature
test

DIVA/TAVA
test

Low
Blood leak
conductivity detector test
test

& High
& conductivity
test

FM1
Degassing
pressure test

AIVA test

&
&

FM2
Blood leak Low
detector, temperature
clean test test

If the concentrate connectors are left in the MM 95, the functional check stops before the
Conductivity High Test, and an attention reminds the user to add concentrate. In other
words: the user don’t have to add concentrate at this point – it can wait; the machine will
effectively be in a no-concentrate mode.

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Flow Switch and Heater Relay test

The purpose of the flow switch is to cut off the drive to the heating element if/when the
flow disappears. The switch is handled by the Protective system which can switch off the
heater supply both with the heater relay and the opto relay:

Mains

KACO & CPU C, enable

Heater energized &
relay CPU P, enable
Heater drive
signal
& Opto relay

Flow switch status,

Flow switch
to CPU P

Cold water

Hardware
Heated water
signal

The main objective of the test is to verify the function of the switch and the so-called “heater
relay shutdown path”.

Start conditions
conditions:

• The water supply must be on. The Control system opens INVA as soon as the water pres-
sure is within limits. An attention is issued if low incoming water pressure.

• Valves:

ZEVA
HPG
Blood Leak P
Detector
EVVA
Draining
Restrictor
2 1
Level
Detector Deairating
Chamber
P

TAVA BYVA
DIVA

Particle
Filter

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 Flow Switch and Heater Relay tests:

INVA Duty CPU C CPU P Flow- Heater Error code

open cycle heater relay heater relay switch energized
Yes 0% Enable Enable Flow? – No => C COFF 088 031
No 0% Enable Enable Flow? – Yes => C COFF 088 030
Yes 40% Enable Enable – Energized? No => C COFF 088 079
Yes 0% Enable Enable – Energized? Yes => C COFF 088 075
Yes 40% Enable Enable – Energized? No => C COFF 088 080
Yes 40% Enable Disable – Energized? Yes => C COFF 088 076
Yes 40% Enable Enable – Energized? No => C COFF 088 081
Yes 40% Disable Enable – Energized? Yes => C COFF 088 077
Yes 40% Enable Enable – Energized? No => C COFF 088 082
No 40% Enable* Enable* – Energized? Yes => C COFF 088 078
Yes 40% Enable Enable – Energized? No => C COFF 088 083

*The CPU C and CPU P ability to disable the heater is bypassed for 7 seconds. This for testing the
shut off path between the Flow-switch and the Opto relay.

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Valves Pressure test

– also called Valves Leakage Test, is a test of the DIVA, TAVA and EVVA valves.

Here’s an overview:

Start “Valves Pressure Test”

(DIVA/TAVA/EVVA)

Fill the deairating chamber

------------------------------------
“Trap” a negative pressure
between DIVA, TAVA and
EVVA, and store it Repeat test
------------------------------------
Create a positive pressure
outside the trapped pressure
------------------------------------
Wait some seconds, then
compare the trapped pressure
with the stored. If the difference
is too large, one of the three
valves is leaking If leakage error...
------------------------------------

“Trap” a positive pressure

between DIVA, TAVA and
EVVA, and store it Repeat test
------------------------------------
Create a negative pressure
outside the trapped pressure
------------------------------------
Wait some seconds, then
compare the trapped pressure
with the stored. If the difference
is too large, one of the three
valves is leaking If leakage error...
------------------------------------

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DIVA/T
DIVA/TAVA/EVV
A/TA A test (“V
A/EVVA alve pr
(“Valve essur
essuree test”)
pressur

Conditions Evaluations & Actions Error codes

Set: + –

-200 Run flow through the

ZEVA deairating chamber (EVVA). C COFF 088 087
P HPG = –200 mmHg
EVVA
HPG

PD
Wait for high level, max 60 s C COFF 088 060
TAVA BYVA
P
DIVA Wait 10 seconds more...
Close EVVA, open TAVA
SAGS

Set: + –

-200 Wait 10 seconds... C COFF 088 086

ZEVA

P Open ZEVA, close DIVA

EVVA
HPG

PD
Look at PD – is it stable? C COFF 088 068
P
TAVA BYVA Is the PD between
DIVA
–220 to –180 mmHg? C COFF 088 066
SAGS

+ –
Set:
-200 Close TAVA – the low (–)
ZEVA pressure is now “trapped”
P between TAVA and DIVA
EVVA
HPG

PD
Wait 4 seconds
TAVA BYVA
P
LatchPressure (–) DIVA Store the trapped PD
pressure (LatchPressure )
SAGS

Set: + –

+200 Regulate HPG to

ZEVA +200 mmHg; when that is
C COFF 088 088
P achieved, the TestTime is
EVVA
HPG set to 20 seconds.
PD
P
TAVA BYVA PD is compared with the
DIVA
stored LatchPressure. If the
difference is more than
SAGS
±20mmHg, then either C COFF 088 065
DIVA, TAVA or EVVA could
be leaking – repeat test...

Set: + –

+200 Open DIVA

ZEVA

P Measure the PD pressure.

EVVA
HPG Is the PD between
PD +255 to +195 mmHg? C COFF 088 062
TAVA BYVA
P
DIVA Pressure correlation test HPG–PD!
SAGS
Continues on next page...

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DIVA/T
DIVA/TAVA/EVV
A/TA A test (“V
A/EVVA alve pr
(“Valve essur
essuree test”), continued
pressur

Conditions Evaluations & Actions Error codes

Set: + –

+200 Look at PD – is it stable? C COFF 088 064

ZEVA Is the PD (2.time) between
P +235 to +195 mmHg? C COFF 088 063
EVVA
HPG

PD
TAVA BYVA
P
DIVA

SAGS

+ –
Set:
+200 Close DIVA – the high (+)
ZEVA pressure is now “trapped”
P between TAVA and DIVA
EVVA
HPG

PD
Wait 4 seconds
TAVA BYVA
P
LatchPressure (+) DIVA
Store the trapped PD
pressure (LatchPressure)
SAGS

Set: + –

–200 HPG is regulated to

ZEVA –200 mmHg; when that is
P achieved, the Test Time is C COFF 088 089
EVVA
HPG set to 20 seconds
PD
TAVA BYVA
P PD is compared with the
DIVA stored LatchPressure.
SAGS If the difference is more than
±30 mmHg, then either C COFF 088 061
DIVA, TAVA or EVVA could
be leaking, the test repeats
from

Set: + –

–200 TAVA is opened, the PD

ZEVA
pressure is measured.
P Is the PD between –220 to
EVVA
HPG
–180 mmHg? C COFF 088 067
PD If not, the test repeats from
TAVA BYVA
P
DIVA

SAGS

The test is ready. ZEVA is closed, the pressure set to zero, EVVA,
TAVA (closed already) and DIVA are closed. BYVA opens.

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Fluid Temper atur
aturee test, High and Lo
emperatur Loww

This test is done parallel to other tests.

High temperature test

Conditions Evaluations & Actions Error codes

Fluid temperature: Test continues as soon as temperature is C COFF 088 091

<41 ˚C <41 ˚C . Time out 10 minutes

Fluid temperature: Stable temperature at CPU P, ±0.2 ˚C, repeat until C COFF 088 057
<41 ˚C error code.
Time out 20 s for each try

Temp Set >44 ˚C The Control system now regulates the temperature C COFF 088 092
to 44 ˚C+(41.5-actual value (CPU C)+2 ˚C* C COFF 088 093
*(2 ˚C added if temperature <42 ˚C)
When the value is stable, ±0.25 ˚C on CPU C the
value is sent to CPU P.
Time out 10 min

Temp Set >44 ˚C The Protective system measures the temperature C COFF 088 055
and compares it to the control system. If it is
outside the limits, –1.3 ˚C, +0.6 ˚C, repeat the test
until error code is generated

The Protective system check that the temperature

Temp Set >41 ˚C is above 41 ˚C. If it is lower than 41 ˚C, repeat **) the C COFF 088 056
test until error code is generated. Time out for each
test 20 seconds
(** If repeated no extra temp. is added to 44 ˚C!)

Low temperature test (FM 2)

Conditions Evaluations & Actions Error codes

Temperature = The Control system regulates to the Temp set
C COFF 088 094
Temp Set point. The stable value is sent to CPU P.
Time out 10 minutes
Temperature = The Protective system measures the temperature.
Temp Set If it is unstable (<±0.2 ˚C), repeat the test until error C COFF 088 059
code is generated

Temperature = The Protective system measures the temperature

Temp Set and compares it to the control system. If it is
C COFF 088 058
outside the limits, –1.2 ˚C, +0.6 ˚C, repeat the test
until error code is generated

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Blood leak Detector test

Conditions Evaluations & Actions Error codes

Blood leak detector The blood leak value is measured; if it is unstable,
LED is enabled repeat test until error code is generated C COFF 088 007

do. If the blood leak value is not close to zero (-10 to

+60), repeat test until error code is generated C COFF 088 005

Blood leak detector The blood leak value is measured; if it is unstable

LED is disabled repeat test until error code is generated C COFF 088 006

do. If the blood leak value is more than 2 mV, repeat

test until error code is generated C COFF 088 004

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Degassing Transducer test

The two objectives of this test are:

• To verify that the degassing pres-

sure reading is stable Degassing
pressure
REVA MM 95 P
• To correlate the degassing pres-
sure reading with the HPG pres-
sure reading. INVA

The HPG and PD transducer read-

ings were correlated earlier in the ZEVA
functional check – in the DIVA/
TAVA/EVVA leakage test. Now is P
the time for the correlation of the EVVA HPG
HPG and Degassing transducer
readings.

The test conditions are set up by TAVA BYVA

stopping the flow pumps and by
closing BYVA, DIVA, REVA, ZEVA
DIVA
and then opening INVA.

As INVA opens, the HPG pressure is monitored. If the pressure manages to build up to more
than +150 mmHg before a 15 seconds time-out, INVA closes. A 2 seconds delay starts, after
which a degassing pressure sample is stored. For the next 3 seconds the actual degassing
pressure is compared to the stored sample and to the HPG pressure. If it differs more than
±20 mmHg, the pressure is considered unstable, then the test is repeated from the begin-
ning max. 5 times: error code C CFF 006 003. (For the comparison to HPG, see next page).

HPG pressure , mmHg A degass pressure Not approved: C CFF 006 003
sample is stored (Degass. press unstable)
Approved
INVA closes ±20 mmHg window

+150

3 seconds Not approved: C CFF 006 003

(Degass. press unstable)
2 seconds
0 Time
15 seconds time-out Compare actual degass
value to sampleand
compare to HPG
BYVA closed
DIVA closed
REVA closed Pressure build-up, no time-out
ZEVA closed
INVA opens

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 In case the HPG doesn’t exceed +150 mmHg within 15 seconds, INVA still closes, the 2
seconds delay is still started, and a sample of whatever value the degassing pressure has
reached, is stored:

HPG pressure , mmHg

A degass pressure Not approved: C CFF 006 003
sample is stored (Degass. press unstable)
INVA closes Approved
±20 mmHg window
+150

2 seconds
3 seconds
Not approved: C CFF 006 003
(Degass. press unstable)

0 Time
15 seconds Compare actual degass
value to sample and
compare to HPG
BYVA closed
DIVA closed
REVA closed
ZEVA closed
Pressure build-up, time-out
INVA opens

The test is finished as describe above, with the same criteria for instability. During the 3
seconds test period the degassing pressure is compared to the HPG pressure:

Degassing
C CFF 006 004
pressure
P (Difference between degass
and HPG pressure too high)

HPGPress – DegassPress = DPress +10 mmHg

0

ZEVA – 20 mmHg

C CFF 006 004

P (Difference between degass
and HPG pressure too high)
HPG

BYVA

DIVA

The test ensures that the degassing pressure transducer reads the same as the HPG (within
narrow limits).

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AIVA Test
AIVA

This is, in some ways, a simple current measuring test, but opening AIVA also allows the
system to check if the level detector in the deairating chamber can register low level. Open-
ing AIVA will pull air into the flow path. After a while it will end up in the deairating cham-
ber, provoking a low-level alarm:

Dropping
level...
REVA
INVA
AK 95
fluid path

AIVA Deairrating
chamber
Air inlet

The actual test:

Valve current,
AIVA current
mA low limit
AIVA current

200 mA >200 mA
Reference
current

0 mA Time
Deairrating low level
time-out:
90 seconds

AIVA current time-out:

2 seconds
C CFF 018 004
(High level active)

C CFD 018 002

(AIVA current too low) C CFF 018 005
(High level not active and
Low level not active)

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Blood leak clean test

Test is performed by enabling the LED. The value should be <30. If not an attention will be
issued:

BLOOD LEAK DETECTOR FAILURE

Clean and press BLOODLEAK key

Conductivity test, (Low and High)

Conductivity is checked at two values, similar to the venous pressure test:

Measured conductivity, mS/cm

Condictivity
high test

25

Conductivity
low test

0 Set conductivity, mS/cm

0 25

The conductivity tests

The Cond Low test is started as soon as the level in the deairating chamber goes high, at the
beginning of the DIVA/TAVA/EVVA leakage test, since this is an indication that the fluid path
is completely filled. The term stable means that the value is not fluctuating more than 0.3
mS/cm during 10 seconds:

Conditions Evaluations & Actions Error codes

No concentrate in The Control system’s measured conductivity C COFF 088 085
the fluid path (cond B) is sent to the Protective system when the
B value is stable, repeat test until error code is
generated
The Protective system measures the conductivity
do. (cond P). If it is unstable, repeat the test until error C COFF 088 029
code is generated
The Protective system measures the conductivity
do. (cond P). If it is higher than 5 mS/cm, repeat the C COFF 088 028
test until error code is generated
The conductivity values are compared. If the
do. difference is higher than than limit (see below), C COFF 088 027
repeat the test until error code is generated

The limits for the Conductivity test (presets):

Cond cell A Cond cell B Cond cell P

Cond cell A ±0.3 mS/cm ±1.0 mS/cm
Cond cell B ±0.3 mS/cm ±1.0 mS/cm
Cond cell P ±1.0 mS/cm ±1.0 mS/cm

After the termination of this test and (logical AND) the AIVA test, the “Fch” disappears from
the “Time”-display, which goes dark, indicating that now it’s safe to move the dialyzer con-
nectors.
HCEN9157 Rev 022002 The AK 95 Functional cchec
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The Cond High test, continued

Now only one fluid test is left before the Functional Check is completed: the Fluid Conduc-
tivity High test. An attention informs the user that concentrate can be supplied:

Connect concentrate when time to

prepare machine for treatment

This is not a requirement, i.e. the machine is standing by, in a “no-concentrate” mode.
As soon as concentrate is supplied, the test starts:

Conditions Evaluations & Actions Error codes

Concentrate Fixed calculated conc. pump speed, depending
connected on selected concentrate. The stable cond value C COFF 088 095
is sent to CPU P. If not stable repeat the test until
error code is generated
The Control system measures the conductivity
do. (cond B). If it is unstable, repeat the test until error C COFF 088 108
code is generated

The Protective system measures the conductivity

do. (cond P). If it is unstable, repeat the test until error C COFF 088 026
code is generated

The Protective system measures the conductivity

do. (cond P). If it is lower than 20 mS/cm, repeat the C COFF 088 025
test until error code is generated

The conductivity values are compared. If the

do. difference is higher than than limit (see below), C COFF 088 024
repeat the test until error code is generated

If the high condutivity test is not passed within

do. 20 minutes the error code is generated C COFF 088 109

The limits for the Conductivity test (presets):

Cond cell A Cond cell B Cond cell P

Cond cell A ±0.3 mS/cm* ±1.0mS/cm *
Cond cell B ±0.3 mS/cm* ±1.0 mS/cm
Cond cell P ±1.0 mS/cm* ±1.0 mS/cm

*(only performed in Bicarbonate mode)

If the Fch is done with Acetate the A cell is not tested and therefore it is not possible to
change concentrate type to Bicarbonate.
After the approval of the test, conductivity is set to 0 mS/cm. When the conductivity has
dropped below the treatment value the AK 95 set the set value to the treatment value and
starts regulating to it.

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 Conductivity, mS/cm

Cond High test

20 First taration starts

Cond set

10

1 min

0 Time

Green fluid path Ultrafiltration

path is lit

“Time”-display

The Functional Check is terminated; the “Time”-display shows the preset treatment time, the

HCEN9157 Rev 022002 The AK 95 Functional cchec

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 first taration is performed, and the AK 95 is ready for treatment.
Error codes and number of repeated tests

C CFF 018 004 >0 C COFF 088 057 >4

C CFF 018 005 >0 C COFF 088 058 >4
C COFB 088 001 >10 C COFF 088 059 >4
C COFB 088 002 >10 C COFF 088 060 >4
C COFB 088 003 >10 C COFF 088 061 >4
C COFF 088 004 >4 C COFF 088 062 >4
C COFF 088 005 >4 C COFF 088 063 >4
C COFF 088 006 >4 C COFF 088 064 >4
C COFF 088 007 >4 C COFF 088 065 >4
C COFB 088 008 >10 C COFF 088 066 >4
C COFB 088 009 >4 C COFF 088 067 >4
C COFB 088 010 >4 C COFF 088 068 >4
C COFB 088 011 >10 C COFB 088 069 >4
C COFB 088 012 >4 C COFB 088 070 >4
C COFB 088 013 >10 C COFB 088 071 >4
C COFB 088 014 >4 C COFB 088 072 >10
C COFB 088 015 >4 C COFB 088 073 >10
C COFB 088 016 >2 C COFB 088 074 >0
C COFB 088 017 >2 C COFF 088 075 >3
C COFB 088 018 >3 C COFF 088 076 >3
C COFB 088 019 >3 C COFF 088 077 >3
C COFB 088 020 >3 C COFF 088 078 >3
C COFB 088 021 >3 C COFF 088 079 >3
C COFB 088 022 >3 C COFF 088 080 >3
C COFB 088 023 >2 C COFF 088 081 >3
C COFF 088 024 >4 C COFF 088 082 >3
C COFF 088 025 >4 C COFF 088 083 >3
C COFF 088 026 >4 C COFF 088 084 >4
C COFF 088 027 >4 C COFF 088 085 >0
C COFF 088 028 >4 C COFF 088 086 >4
C COFF 088 029 >4 C COFF 088 087 >4
C COFF 088 030 >3 C COFF 088 088 >2
C COFF 088 031 >3 C COFF 088 089 >2
C COFF 088 033 >2 C COFF 088 090 >2
C COFF 088 034 >2 C COFF 088 091 >0
C COFB 088 040 >1 C COFF 088 092 >0
C COFB 088 041 >3 C COFF 088 093 >0
C COFB 088 042 >4 C COFF 088 094 >0
C COFB 088 043 >4 C COFF 088 095 >0
C COFB 088 044 >10 C COFB 088 096 >4
C COFB 088 045 >10 C COFF 088 108 >4
C COFB 088 046 >10 C COFF 088 109 >0
C COFB 088 047 >10 Art. pr. attention >3
C COFB 088 048 >10 Ven. pr. attention >3
C COFB 088 049 >10 Batt attn (<7.5 V) >0
C COFB 088 050 >4 Batt attn (<6.0 V) >0
C COFB 088 051 >4
C COFB 088 052 >4
C COFB 088 053 >4
C COFB 088 054 >4
C COFF 088 055 >4
C COFF 088 056 >4

HCEN9157 Rev 022002 The AK 95 Functional cchec

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The AK 95 Control systems
The inner workings of the AK 95 depends upon the controlling of many physical processes
(temperature, flow, pressure, conductivity (in case of MM 95)). The basic, universal principle
for doing this is the feedback loop
loop:

Error signal

Reference+
signal Process

(SET point)
–

Feedback signal
(measurement of the process)

The round symbol with the cross indicates that the reference signal and the feedback signal
(the measurement) are being summed. The polarity signs indicate that the feedback is in-
verted in polarity with respect to the reference so the error signal is the difference between
the two.

It works as follows:

If the feedback from the process is exactly equal to the reference then the feedback loop is
at rest. If the process changes, the feedback will deviate from the reference, and an error
will appear at the output of the summation symbol. The error is amplified and will drive the
process in the opposite direction until the error is zero and an equilibrium (a balance) is
achieved.

In the analog world a feedback loop will be build around an operational amplifier, coupled
as a differential amplifier. One of its inputs is connected to the reference voltage, and the
other to the output of the transducer which is measuring the process. The output goes to
whatever circuit that is needed to drive the process, e.g. a current drive for a pump motor.
The circuit will also incorporate some sort of filter that controls the dynamics of the loop.
The filter characteristics depend upon the physical nature of the process: can it change very
fast, like e.g. a light source, or is it slow, like e.g. the temperature in the heater.

In the AK 95

All feedback loops in the AK 95 are implemented by the CPU: the reference signals are
values stored in PROM, E2PROM or as set values in RAM, the feedback signals are A/D-
connverted transducer signals, and the outputs to the physical processes are either D/A-
converted results of the calculations that simulate the gain- and filter properties of the
loops or other output drivers.

HCEN9157 Rev 022002 The AK 95 Control systems 5-

5-1
 The simple, basic model of the feedback loop (as shown above) is useful as a tool to explain
how the control of a physical process works, and in the following it is going to be used to
explain all the main loops in the AK 95. We shall look at:

• Temperature
• Conductivity (MM 95), acetate & bicarbonate
• Degassing pressure (Flow pump)
• UF rate regulation (Suction pump)

In the diagrams, the reference will be represented by these symbols:

Set

The IC-symbol means that the set point from the system – from memory. The set point name
will appear under the symbol, like this:

Degassing
pressure,
preset

Wherever possible, the relevant logging variables – in most cases S-variables – are placed in
the diagrams.

HCEN9157 Rev 022002 The AK 95 Control systems 5-

5-2
The Temperatur
aturee Control System
emperatur

Water
inlet

37.5˚ C
+ + Power drive Flow
Set point: (duty cycle switch
control) TX RX

– –
SRI(11)
37.5 ˚C
Set
Temperature

SRI(13)

Heating element
Feedback 1:
Example: Temperature at
Temperature is set to 37.5˚ heating element
Dialyzer temperature: 37.2˚ output

– Estimated
0.3 ˚C temperature drop
(0 - 2.0 ˚C) PT-100
+
37.8 ˚C
SRI(15)
Feedback 2: Cond B
PT-100 MM 95
Temperature, cond B

The temperature of the dialysis fluid is controlled by two temperature transducers, one
immediately after the heating element and the one in conductivity cell B.

The temperature drop from cond B to the dialyzer can be estimated by measuring the
(stabilized) temperature in the fluid tubes with a reference instrument and comparing it to
the temperature in cond B. The drop can then be entered in “Calibration”, “Others”, “ESTIM.
TEMP. DROP.” The temperature at the dialyzer will then achieve the SET temperature.

The regulation is handled by two feedback loops. The feedback from the heating element
outlet – where temperature changes are large and fast – goes to a fast reacting loop.
The temperature transducers in the conductivity cell A and in the conductivity cell P are
used for compensation of the conductivity measurements only – not for temperature regula-
tion.

Overheat protection is achieved by monitoring the out flow from the element with a flow
switch: If the flow stops, power to the heater element is cut off.

HCEN9157 Rev 022002 The AK 95 Control systems 5-

5-3
Conductivity Control System, acetate

Flow, ch1
Calculation of a
reference pump
Conc. speed
preset
Relative pump speed deviation

SRI(27) Acetate
Set Na+
From
Power drive AK 95,
to pump heating
system
Conductivity
calculation
Feedback:
Conc.
Conductivity,
pump B
Set point cell B
+ -
Cond. cell B
SRI(28) SRI(24)
To
AK 95,
cond P

The conductivity set point is calculated on basis off the sodium set value and the informa-
tion in the concentrate preset and the flow in ch1.

The speed of the concentrate pump is constantly monitored and related to calculated speed
(calculated from the conc. preset, the sodium setpoint, and the flow in ch1) to ensure that it
stays within limits which are ±10 % (default). If these limits are exceeded an attention is
issued:

INCORRECT CONCENTRATE
Check concentrate

The relative pump speed – the deviation between the actual and calculated speed, in per-
cent, can be logged, of course, and should ideally be zero. On a machine, running with WRO-
supply and high quality concentrates, it will normally be very close to zero.

HCEN9157 Rev 022002 The AK 95 Control systems 5-

5-4
Conductivity Control System, bicarbonate

SRI(22)

Relative pump speed

SRI(19) Acid conc.

Set point + Power drive

to pump
From
Feedback: - AK 95
Cond. A Conc.pump A

SRI(26)
SRI(20)

Conc.
preset
Cond. Relative pump speed
cell A
SRI(23) Bicarb.conc.

Set point + Power drive

to pump
Feedback:
- Conc.pump B
Conductivity Cond. B2
calculation

SRI(24)
Flow, To
ch1 AK 95,
Cond. cond P
+ cell B
Set Na,
-
HCO3

The bicarbonate mode uses two feedback loops: one for the A-pump – the acid component,
and one for the B-pump – the bicarbonate. Again, the set points are calculated on the basis
of the sodium and bicarbonate set values, and the concentrate preset. Both pump speeds are
monitored and related to the calculated speeds to ensure that pump speeds stay within
limits which are ±10 % for the A-pump, and ±20 % for the B-pump (default). If the limits for
the respective pumps are exceeded, attentions are issued:

INCORRECT ACIDIC CONCENTRATE

Check concentrate fluid INCORRECT BICARBONATE CONC.
Check concentrate fluid

HCEN9157 Rev 022002 The AK 95 Control systems 5-

5-5
Composition supervision
The pump speed of each feeding pump is supervised by the control system, which uses the
conductivity values measured from conductivity cell A and B. The conductivity cell P meas-
ures the total conductivity of the fluid. The dialyzer is bypassed if the conductivity exceeds
the alarm limits.

Despite these supervision functions there is a risk that the dialysis fluid has the correct
conductivity but erroneous composition of the concentrates A and B during treatment in
bicarbonate mode.

The composition of the dialysis fluid is therefore supervised during treatment in bicarbo-
nate mode, in order to detect if conductivity cell A does not measure correctly. An erroneous
dosage of concentrate A may otherwise result in bad fluid composition without causing a
conductivity alarm.

The composition supervision can also detect if wrong concentrates are used at the same
time as the conductivity is still between the alarm limits. This can for example happen if the
powder in the BiCart does not dissolve properly.

The composition supervision is monitoring the pump speed ratio. This means that the actual
pump speed is monitored and incase one of the pumps is running faster than the other one
relative the what it should. The fluid will be bypassed and an attention will be issued.

INCORRECT DIALYSIS FLUID

COMPOSITION

The value that triggers the attention can be logged as SRI(056). The value may vary between
850 and 1150 (default). The limits can be preset (2-22-3) as a % pump speed deviation. The
default value is set to 15 %.

The variable is calculated as:

Pump speed pump A x Dose A
=1
Pump speed pump B x Dose B

Where the value 1 is the ideal value. Dose is the dilution of the concentrate depending on
the concentrate preset.

As one of the pumps deviate the value will change and if it varies more than 15% the atten-
tion is issued.

HCEN9157 Rev 022002 The AK 95 Control systems 5-

5-6
Degassing Pressure Control System

DRVA
Flow Pump

From cond
control system Degassing
restrictor Degassing

Feedback:
P pressure
Degassing pressure
SRI(34)
–
+ Power drive
Set point:
to pump

Degassing pressure,
preset SRI(33)

The Flow Pump generates the negative degassing pressure by pulling the fluid through the
degassing restrictor.

The degassing pressure set point comes from the presets. The default value is 610 mmHg,
but can be preset to other values (-400 to -620 mmHg in 5 mmHg steps) in case the AK 95 is
operated at other altitudes than sea level. Here is the relation between pressure and alti-
tude:

P degass = -
( 760

e h/7338 )
- 150 , mmHg, or in table form:

h 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1147 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2373
[metres]
P degass -610 -590 -570 -550 -532 -513 -500 -478 -461 -445 -429 -413 -400
[mmHg]

About Degassing level

Air outlet
The degassing level is regulated by mechani-
cal means: A floater in the degassing cham-
O-ring
ber keeps the air escape outlet closed until RIVA
sufficient air forces the floater down – the
air escapes, and the floater closes the outlet
again, etc., etc.
In
Out

HCEN9157 Rev 022002 The AK 95 Control systems 5-

5-7
The UF Control System

Suction Pump
Restrictor
Drain

SRI(55)

SRR(2)
Set point + Power drive
to pump 2 1
–
UF Gain CH2-CH1
(Function) Calculation
From
Remaining dialyzer
time SRR(00) (Raw)
Remaining
UF-volume SRI(48) - (Filtered )
SRR(1)

UF
volume
UF rate set
calculation

Time
Set

UF
rate l
h

SRI(48) - Filtered UF rate

Two parameters are needed to set the UF rate: Treatment time, and the UF volume to be
removed. From that the machine will calculate the UF rate (displayed in the bargraph).
The machine will once per minute calculate:

Remaining UF vvolume
olume = (UF volume set - UF Accumulated volume)

and once a minute calculate:

UF rrate
ate set = (Remaining UF volume / Remaining Time)

The function “UF Gain” compensates for the tarations, i.e. 2 per hour. This is necessary, since
UF volume is lost during a taration. Since it is possible for the machine to discard a taration,
and hence do another five minutes later, “UF Gain” will constantly check the taration timer
to see when the next is due.

HCEN9157 Rev 022002 The AK 95 Control systems 5-

5-8
The AK 95 Diagnostics
This feature is reached in “Service”, “Diagnose”:

SELECT SERVICE MODE

Exit Calib Utility Diagnose

DIAGNOSICS SELECTION MENU

System BM FM

War ning: In “Dia

arning: gnostics” it is possib
“Diagnostics” le to mak
possible makee settings ffar
ar outside nor mal limits, and
normal
hnical er
technical
tec errror
orss may easil
may y appear
easily appear..

Purpose
“Diagnostics” allows the technician to perform tests and measurements in different parts of
the machine. It is divided into three sections:

DIAGNOSICS SYSTEM MENU

System: Com I2C Errors

• Com – test the communication port

• I2C – scan and update transducer E2PROMs
• Errors – view and erase the error code buffer

DIAGNOSICS BM MENU
BM: Lamps Pumps

• Test the front panel LEDs

• Test the blood pump and the Heparin pump

DIAGNOSICS FM MENU
FM: Pumps UF Valves

• Pumps – individual control of FM parameters

• UF – force taration of UF-cell
• Test all valves in the FM

HCEN9157 Rev 02.2002 The AK 95 Diagnostics 6-

6-1
System
DIAGNOSICS SYSTEM MENU
Com I2C Errors

Com
COMMUNICATION PORT TRANSMIT TEST
Press HOLD to abort

The communication port sends out a test byte.

I2C

I2C TRANSD
SELECT Scan

Scanning I2C EEPROMS

If a wrong E2PROM address is detected, the scanning will stop and the offending transduc-
er's name is displayed:

PR ART EEPROM ADRESS ERRROR

Update Escape

“Update” will blink and allow the user to update the transducer’s address by pressing “Se-
lect”.The scan ends by:

I2C EEPROM SCAN COMPLETED

HCEN9157 Rev 02.2002 The AK 95 Diagnostics 6-

6-2
Errors
TECHNICAL ERROR SUPPORT SELECT
View Erase

(“View” is similar to selecting “Errors” in the “Logging” menu).

Erase
Selecting “Erase” and pressing “Select” will erase the error code buffer:

ERASING DIAGNOSTIC BUFFER

Press SELECT to confirm

DIAGNOSTIC ERRROR BUFFER ERASED

BM
DIAGNOSICS BM MENU
Lamps Pumps

Lamps
Press SELECT to view lamps
Any lamp not lit is defect

Pumps

PUMP DIAGNOSTIC MENU

Art Hep

Art

ART FREQ SET

0000 0000

The blood will run with a speed set by “Freq” (0000 – 1800)

HCEN9157 Rev 02.2002 The AK 95 Diagnostics 6-

6-3
Hep

HEPARIN PUMP DIAGNOSTIC

Counters

COUNTERS SETFREQ EST-ACC ACC

0000 00000 00000

The heparin pump motor will start to run, as soon as this diagnostics mode is entered. The
counter “EST-ACC” – Est Acc
Estimated-Acc
Accumulated – will count “theoretical” heparin
potentiometer pulses the way they should accumulate. The counter “ACC” – Acc
Accumulated –
counts the actual pulses from the pot.

FM

DIAGNOSICS FM MENU
Pumps UF Valves

Pumps

PUMP DIAGNOSTICS
Press direct keys to ctrl FM

The FM’s basic parameters can be directly controlled – the default conditions for this mode
are:
Conductivity
Conductivity: 14 mS/cm (Controlled by the A-pump and the A-cell
A-cell)
Temper atur
emperatur
aturee: 37.5 °C
Degass. pressure
pressure: The preset value (default -610 mmHg)
HPG pressure
pressure: -100 mmHg

The fluid line (showing the bypass mode) will switch from orange to green when:

1) Conductivity is stable, i.e. has for 10 seconds been inside ±5 % of the set value.

AND

2) Temperature is stable, i.e. has for 10 seconds been inside ±1 °C of the set value.

HCEN9157 Rev 02.2002 The AK 95 Diagnostics 6-

6-4
Which parameters can be controlled?

The following buttons will be lit, indicating that they are active in some way:

These are the buttons and the parameters they access:

Temp
TEMP LOW SET HIGH
37.1 10.0 37.0 90.0

Displays and sets the temperature.

Cond
COND LOW SET HIGH
00.00 00.00 14.00 25.00

Displays and sets the conductivity. Depending on which concentrate connector

is used, A or B pump will start.

TMP
HPG LOW SET HIGH
-149 -700 -150 700

Displays and sets the HPG pressure (with the Suction pump).

UF
volume
DEG PR LOW SET HIGH
-610 -700 -610 0

Displays and sets the Degassing pressure.

HCEN9157 Rev 02.2002 The AK 95 Diagnostics 6-

6-5
 The following buttons are display only:

Venous
pressure
FL PUMP DTCY CURR DEG PR
485 40.5 109 -608

Flow pump values: Flow, ch 1 (ml/min), duty cycle (%),

current (mA), and degassing pressure (mm Hg).

Arterial
pressure
SUC PUMP DTCY CURR HPG PR
472 48.5 121 -200

Suction pump values: Flow, ch2 (ml/min), duty cycle (%),

current (mA), and HPG pressure (mm Hg).

Blood
flow
FL PUMP SUC PUMP HPG PR DIAL PR
485 387 -250 -200

Flow ch1, flow ch2, HPG pressure, and dialysis pressure (PD)

UF
rate
COND A COND B COND P BL LEAK
14.01 14.11 13.90 5

Cond A, B, P, and Blood leak detector, analogue value

Fluid
bypass

The only blue button used – normal function: bypassing/not bypassing the dialyzer.

HCEN9157 Rev 02.2002 The AK 95 Diagnostics 6-

6-6
FM, UF

DIAGNOSICS FM MENU
Pumps UF Valves

“Select”:
FLUID PREPARATION PHASE
Please wait

Wait for the fluid to reach stable and correct conductivity and temperature. The choice of
concentrate pump is chosen by using A or B concentrate connector. Then the taration start.

UF CELL TARATION
Please wait

This takes about 90 seconds, after which the display can show information if SELECTED:

UF CELL TARATION READY

SELECT for info, HOLD to abort
“Select”:
CH1 CH 2 UFR TOL COEFF CH2
-180 -083 .0091190 .992659

If the taration fails, the corresponding UF cell error codes are generated.

Valves
All valves can be tested, turned on or off, or in other words open or closed.

INLET VALVE (INVA)

Press SELECT key to toggle valve
Set

Turn to scroll the valves.......

BYPASS VALVE (BYVA)
Press SELECT key to toggle valve

When the SELECT key is pressed the selected valve toggles open or closed. When the valves
are not selected they are closed. In what order the valves can be scrolled can be viewed on
the next page.

HCEN9157 Rev 02.2002 The AK 95 Diagnostics 6-

6-7
 INLET VALVE INVA
AIR INLET VALVE AIVA
RECIRCULATION VALVE REVA
FLUSHING VALVE FLVA
DEGASS RESTRICTOR VALVE DRVA
RINSING VALVE RIVA
ZEROING VALVE ZEVA
DIRECT VALVE CPU C DIVA
DIRECT VALVE CPU P DIVA
TARATION VALVE TAVA
EVACUATION VALVE EVVA
BYPASS VALVE CPU C BYVA
BYPASS VALVE CPU P BYVA

Note! Be careful when open the AIV

careful A to aav
AIVA void ffluid
luid leaka
leakagge into the monitor
monitor..

HCEN9157 Rev 02.2002 The AK 95 Diagnostics 6-

6-8
The AK 95 UF cell calibrations
calibrations
The flow transducer in the AK 95 is compensated for offset changes and sensitivity changes
caused by bio film deposits built up in channel 2 during the treatment.

The tar ation (or self-calibration) is performed twice every hour during the treatment. The
taration
first time the taration is performed, is immediately after the termination of the function
check.

The taration is divided in three phases. The first phase, Pr

Prepar e Tar
epare
epar ation
aration
ation, starts with a
(unnoticeable) calibration of UF cell’s preamplifier circuits: the offset in the electronic
measurement system is calibrated by forcing the system’s input to ground, and the system
gain is calibrated by applying a reference voltage to it.

Then follows the preparation of the fluid system, where RIVA is opened, causing the degas-
sing chamber to be filled to the top, to prevent the floater from dropping during the actual
taration.

RIVA
= Flow

Suction From
pump Flow pump

ZEVA

EVVA Blood leak

detector
UF-cell 2 1
Deairating
chamber

TAVA BYVA
DIVA

Dialyzer

Phase 1: Prepare Taration

HCEN9157 Rev 022002 The AK 95 UF cell caibrations

caibrations 7-
7-1
 Next, in the Offset phase
phase, the offset errors for the channels are measured, and the corre-
sponding offset values are calculated and stored (in RAM).

RIVA
= Flow

Suction From
pump Flow pump

ZEVA

EVVA Blood leak

detector
UF-cell 2 1
Deairating
chamber

TAVA BYVA
DIVA

Dialyzer

Phase 2: Zero flow

In the last phase, the Dif

Diffferential phase
erential phase, the same flow is sent through both channels (TAVA
and DIVA remain closed, ZEVA closes, BYVA opens):

RIVA
= Flow

Suction From
pump Flow pump

ZEVA

EVVA Blood leak

detector
UF-cell 2 1
Deairating
chamber

TAVA BYVA
DIVA

Dialyzer

Phase 3: Differential flow

The flow difference between the two channels is measured. Ideally, it should be zero, but if
there is bio film deposits in channel 2 this flow value will differ from channel 1. The calibra-
calibra-
tion coefficient for channel 2 is now changed, until the difference between the channels is
zero. The coefficient is stored (in RAM), and the treatment continues.

HCEN9157 Rev 022002 The AK 95 UF cell caibrations

caibrations 7-
7-2
The Tar ation Timer
aration

The progress of the taration can be followed by logging the Tar aration imer, SRI(39). The
ation Timer
first taration happens immediately after the termination of the Functional Check, starting
with the setting of the Taration Timer to 1500 (seconds). Each of the two calibration phases
(offset and differential) takes 30 seconds, i.e. the Taration Timer counts up to 1530 twice.

Taration timer, seconds, SRI(39)

Not approved

1800

1500 Second try Next taration

Approved

1530

1500
30 sec.

0 Time
First taration
30 min.

Functional Check terminated, fluid approved...

Approved/not approved

The calibration values (two offsets, one coefficient) generated during the first taration are
compared to the corresponding values in the
UF cell’s E2PROM. If they don’t differ too much, the taration is approved
appro ed, the Taration Timer
is set to 0 seconds, counting up to 1800 seconds (30 minutes) for the next taration. From
the second taration and onwards the machine will use the last taration’s values as compari-
son.

If the calibration values differ too much the taration is not approved
approved. But since the tara-
tion is a sensitive process that can be disturbed by, say, an air bubble during the offset phase,
a new taration will be performed again after 5 minutes. So in case of a not-approved tara-
tion the Taration Timer will be set to 1500 seconds, starting a taration when it reaches 1800
seconds.

HCEN9157 Rev 022002 The AK 95 UF cell caibrations

caibrations 7-
7-3
Prolonged taration

Before the taration starts the machine looks at the standard deviation of the flow signal:

Q, ml/min Q, ml/min
= Mean value = Mean value

500 500

Time Time
Low standard deviation High standard deviation

If standard deviation is high, each phase (offset and differential) will take 15 seconds longer:
the Taration Timer counts up to 1545.

If the retaration fails

If a retaration is requested and this retaration fails then one of the following error codes
are issued:

C CFM 020 011 UF CELL TARATION NOT APPROVED

The error will be issued when the retaration fails for the second time due to the fact that
the last measured difference between the channels is more than 1 ml/min compared to the
difference in RAM memory. The value is compared with the E2PROM incase it is the first
taration. The retaration must fail for the same reason as the first one to get the error code.

C CFM 020 012 UF CELL TARATION NOT APPROVED

The error will be issued for the same reasons as above but the limit is 7.5 ml/min.

Taration in the Diagnostics menu

aration
It is possible to force the monitor to perform a taration in the Service menu, Diagnostics. If
a taration is started in Diagnostics menu the monitor will start by preparing the fluid to the
correct temperature and conductivity. When this is done the taration starts. The function is
as normal taration. When the taration is performed the offset values will be stored in the
RAM, as during a normal taration.

HCEN9157 Rev 022002 The AK 95 UF cell caibrations

caibrations 7-
7-4
Calibration of the UF Cell
Internal calibration

At the moment this function is not supported.

Calibration with a rrefer

Calibration eference volume
eference volume..

The calibration’s correct name is Complete calibration of the UF cell. The calibration is
done every 2500 hours, see Service Manual, Maintenance chapter. The calibration is per-
formed with a reference volume or more correctly UF Calibration Unit, old or new type.
K1 4052 001 or K2 1580 002.

During the calibration the coefficients and offset for both channels is saved in the E2PROM
of the UF Cell. The calibration takes about 40 minutes and verification of the calibration is
also made. During the calibration the different stages of the calibration is displayed.

A few terms that could be useful to know about.

Low Level fill up. The reference is filled just over the first level transducer (1)

Low Level drain. The reference is emptied just below the first Level trans-
ducer (2).

High Level fill up. The reference is filled to just over the second level trans-
ducer (3).

High level drain. The reference is emptied just below the second Level trans-
ducer (4).

High level
fill up 3

High level
drain 4

Low level
fillup 1

Low level
drain 2

Fluid
connector

HCEN9157 Rev 022002 The AK 95 UF cell caibrations

caibrations 7-
7-5
 Below is a table with a rough description of what is performed.

Text in display
display What happens

EEPROM test The E2PROMS are tested for incase there is a communi-
cation error with the UF cell.

Fluid preparation The AK 95 awaits that the fluid is correct in tempera-

ture and conductivity (37 oC and 14.4 mS on the B Cell)

Low and High level fill up During this period the reference volume is filled and
emptied, this is done to check that the tool is working
properly.

UF stabilization During this period the fluid path is heated up so there is

no temperature drift in the components.

Main flow offset calibration During this period the offset on both channels is meas-
ured and saved in RAM memory. The test is performed in
the same way as during taration.

CH 1 flow calibration The valves are set so the flow will go through the ch 1
until the reference volume is filled. Since the reference
volume is known the flow can be calculated. This value
is used to calculate a new coefficient for the ch 1 so the
mesured volume match the actual volume. The new
coefficient for ch 1 is saved in RAM and used in the next
test.

Differential flow calibration The new coefficient (ch1) is used when the ch 2 coeffi-
cient is calculated by running the same flow trough
both channels. I.e. the same as differential flow in tara-
tion.

Verifying calibration of UF The verification is done by draining the reference vol-

ume through the ch 2. Since it is a known volume the
accuracy of the UF measuring system is measured.

Verifying calib. of Isolated UF The reference volume is then filled through ch 2, the
flow is backwards through the cell, negative value on
ch 2. When it is filled it is emptied just through the ch 2
and the volume is measured by ch 2 only and the UF cell
is checked for accuracy during Isolated UF.

HCEN9157 Rev 022002 The AK 95 UF cell caibrations

caibrations 7-
7-6
How the calibration is performed

SELECT CALIBRATION FACILITY

Transd AD-Conv Clock Other

SELECT FLOW SUPPORT

Internal External UF

SELECT UF CALIBRATION
Complete Intern Verify

Not
supported
REF VOL LOW REF SET HIGH
ml 900.0 1000.0 1100.0

"TIME"-display

REF VOL LOW REF SET HIGH

ml 900.0 1000.0 1100.0

"TIME"-display

The volume, printed on the calibr ation la

calibration label
bel on the glass bubble is entered in REF SET, and
confirmed with “Select”. The automatic calibration starts. It lasts approx. 35 minutes, the
time might be longer with the old calibration station due to slightly larger reference volume.
If the linearity test or a calibration value isn’t approved, the calibration is aborted with a
technical error.

When the machine has finished the calibration, it stores the calibration values (2 coefficients,
2 offsets) in the cell’s E2PROM:

EEPROM STORAGE COMPLETED.

Press HOLD key to exit.

HCEN9157 Rev 022002 The AK 95 UF cell caibrations

caibrations 7-
7-7
 After pressing “HOLD”, it displays the results:

UF VOL REF VOL VOL DIFF

1063.5 1066.5 -0.28%
Wait 3 seconds

ISO VOL REF VOL VOL DIFF

1065.6 1066.5 -0.08%
Wait 3 seconds

If the calibration is out of limits then it will be displayed as calibration failed.

The maximum limits are:

UF volume deviation ±1.0 %

Isolated UF volume ±1.0 %

The other values such as offset and coefficients can be found in the GXL menu for UF
Calibration logging:

For ch 1 and ch 2 Offset ±500

Coefficient 0.92-1.02

Pressing “HOLD” exits to top menu of the UF calibration display:

SELECT UF CALIBRATION
Complete Intern Verify

HCEN9157 Rev 022002 The AK 95 UF cell caibrations

caibrations 7-
7-8
The AK 95 Cond cell calibration
Befor
Beforee you calibrate
ate,, think about this...
calibrate
1) Calibration of the conductivity cells is very much dependent of the quality of the incom-
ing water. Since the reference instrument is not specified at measurements at conductivities
near zero mS/cm, there is no way of establishing a zero point. With RO-water one could say
that the water’s conductivity (≈4 µS/cm) becomes the zero point.

2) The “REF SET” in the machines cond calibration menu can only change in
0.1 mS/cm steps which means that calibrating a new transducer will rewrite the original,
high-precision calibration which is done during the production of the cell.

Conclusion

This means that it become very important to verify that a given cell really is differing
eally
substantially from the other cells before attempting to calibrate it.
This can be done in different ways:

• Entering the COND A calibration menu, and comparing on the three cells on the PC-
display at both zero mS/cm (the A-connector placed in the MM 95) and at the cond set point
(the A-connector in A-concentrate or acetate)

• In “Diagnostics”, “FM”, “Pumps”, by pressing “Cond”, and setting the conductivity to zero
and 14 mS/cm, respectively. All three conductivity values are displayed by pressing “UF
rate”.

Finally – if the available water is of low quality, try to calibrate the offending cell and have
a fluid analysis done. If the analysis is not approved, replace the cell with a new spare part.

If you decide to do it – her e’

e’ss ho
here’ w...
how

The calibration of the conductivity transducers is similar to the pressure transducer calibra-
tions except that a two-point calibration (offset, positive point) instead of a three-point
calibration (offset, negative point, positive point) is performed.

In order to achieve the highest calibration accuracy, both the reference instrument and the
machine should be clean
clean. Run a citric acid and a sodium hypochlorite cleaning before
starting.

Cleaning the reference cell is easily done by leaving it in series with the fluid tubes during
the cleaning program:

ty
Conductivi
mS/cm
ty
Conductivi
m S/cm
re
Temperatu

ph T 37¤ C

Pressure

ph T 25¤ C

Timer

Scroll
Reset
Enter /

Calibrate
DX

HCEN9157 Rev 022002 The AK 95 Conductivity cell calibration

calibration 8-
8-1
Checking the reference instrument

The reference cell/instrument can be checked with the reference solution (the small bottle
in the instrument case). This m ust be done with a completel
must completely y cclean
lean and dr
dryy cell; eev
ven a
few dr ops of w
drops ater will af
water afffect the rreading.
eading. Alter nativ
Alternativ el
natively the cell can be rrinsed
ely insed with a
little rref
efer
efer ence solution after rrinsing
erence insing with w ater
water
ater.

To calibrate
calibrate
• Let the machine go through the complete function test.
• Connect the reference instrument to the fluid lines:

ivity
Conduct
mS/cm
ivity
Conduct
m S/cm
ture
Tempera

ph T 37¤ C

Pressure

ph T 25¤ C

Timer

Scroll
Reset
Enter /

Calibrate
DX

• Set temperature to 37.5 °C

°C, and wait until it has settled. And wait means wait
ait!
• Enter “Service”, choose “CALIB”, ”Internal” (Flow support).

There are four conductivity cell calibrations:

Conductivity transducer A
Conductivity transducer B
Conductivity transducer P
Conductivity transducer A, B, P transducers

The following example is based on the calibration of the A cell, i.e. “Conductivity transducer
A” is selected in the transducer list:

COND A LOW REF SET HIGH

-0.08 0.00 0.00 25.00

The “A”-connector is used for all four calibrations. It can be left in the concentrate (A or
acetate) placed in the MM 95 – it makes no difference to the calibration if the “high” calibra-
tion point is entered before the “low” (zero mS/cm). But for the development of good cali-
bration habits it is recommended to start with the low point, i.e. the pick-up tube placed in
the MM 95 – as in this example.

HCEN9157 Rev 022002 The AK 95 Conductivity cell calibration

calibration 8-
8-2
Temp adj and Cond adj

It is possible – from inside the conductivity calibration displays – to access both the tem-
perature set point and the conductivity set point (by pressing “Temp” and “Cond” respec-
tively).

This means that the actual temperature easily can be checked (or set to 37.5 °C if it was
forgotten at start-up).

Always cchec
Alw hec
heckk the temper atur
temperatur e when mo
ature ving the “A” pic
moving k-up fr
pick-up om w
from ater to concen-
water
trate or vice versa. Inlet of cold concentrate will affect the regulation.

The temperature display is reached by simply pressing “Temp”:

Temp

The cond set point is reached the same way: by pressing “Cond” – a “Cond adjust
adjust” – display
appears:

COND ADJ LOW SET HIGH

6.26 0.00 14. 00 25.00

Pressing “Hold” returns to the calibration display (“COND A”). Next page contains the whole
calibration procedure...

HCEN9157 Rev 022002 The AK 95 Conductivity cell calibration

calibration 8-
8-3
 Action: Displays/response:
“A” connector in
MM 95, fluid through the
reference instrument.
When the reading is Set
stable, set “0.0” in "REF
SET"

Then press:

“A” connector in the

concentrate.
Check that temperature
still is 37.5˚ . Wait for stable
reading in reference
instrument: Set
13.50

Reference
instrument

Press:

Press:

START
Press: UF
STOP

HCEN9157 Rev 022002 The AK 95 Conductivity cell calibration

calibration 8-
8-4