

2
dy 1−y
). If  1−x  1−y =a x −y , prove that
2 2

dx
=
1−x
2
.

(3 marks)

Sol.). Given that,  1−x  1−y =a x −y

2 2
_____ (1).

We put x = sin A and y = sin B

⇒ A = sin-1 x and B = sin-1 y.
Then (1) becomes :
 1−sin A  1−sin B=a sin A−sin B
2 2

⇒  cos A  cos B=a sin A −sin B

2 2
(using sin2A = 1 – cos2A )
⇒ cos Acos B=a sin A −sin B
AB A−B A B A−B
⇒ 2cos cos =a  2cos sin 
2 2 2 2

C D C −D
( using the relations : cos C cos D =2 cos cos , and
2 2
C D C −D
sin C −sin D= 2 cos sin )
2 2
A−B A−B
⇒ cos =a sin
2 2
A−B
cos
2
⇒ =a
A−B
sin
2
A −B
⇒ a=cot
2
A−B
⇒ cot−1 a=
2
−1
⇒ 2 cot a= A−B
−1 −1 −1
⇒ 2 cot a=sin x−sin y .
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get :
d d
⇒  2cot −1 a = sin−1 x −sin−1 y
dx dx
 1 1 dy
⇒ 0= −
 1−x 2
 1−y 2 dx
1 1 dy
⇒ =
 1−x 2
 1−y 2 dx
dy  1−y
2

⇒ =
dx  1−x 2 (hence proved).

2
d y
). If x = a sin θ, y = b cos θ, then find
3 3
2
at θ = π / 4 .
dx
(3 marks)
Sol.). Given that :
x = a sin3 θ.
Differentiating both sides w.r.t., θ we have,
dx
=3a sin2 θcos θ
dθ _____ (1).

Also,
y = b cos3 θ.
Differentiating both sides w.r.t., θ we have,
dy
=3b cos2 θ−sin θ
dθ
dy
=−3b cos2 θ sin θ
dθ _____ (2).
Dividing (2) by (1), we have :
dy
2
dθ −3b cos θsin θ
= 2
dx 3a sin θcos θ
dθ
dy −b
⇒ = cot θ
dx a _____ (3).
Differentiating both sides w.r.t., x we have,
2
d y −b d
2
=  cot θ
dx a dx
 −b dθ
= −cosec 2 θ
a dx
b dθ
= cosec 2 θ
a dx
b 1
= cosec2 θ
a dx
dθ
b 1
= cosec2 θ
a dx
dθ
b 1
= cosec 2 θ
a 3a sin 2 θ cos θ ( putting value from (1))
b
= 2 cosec 4 θ sec θ
3a
b   
= 2 cosec4 sec at θ = 
3a 4 4 4
b 4
= 2   2  2
3a
4  2 b (Ans.).
=
3a 2

π
e cosx
). Evaluate ∫ ecos x e−cos x dx .
0
(3 marks)
π cosx
e
Sol.). Let I=∫ dx _____ (1).
0 e cos x e−cos x
π a a
e cos −x 
⇒ I=∫ cos −x  −cos −x
dx (∵ ∫ f x  dx=∫ f a−x dx )
0 e e 0 0
π
e −cos x
⇒ I=∫ dx ( ∵ cos−x =−cos x ) _____ (2).
0 e−cosx e cos x

Adding (1) and (2), we have :

 π
e−cos x e −cos x
⇒ 2I=∫   dx
0 e cos x e −cos x e−cosxecos x
π
e cos x e −cos x
⇒ 2I=∫   dx
0 e cos x e −cos x
π

⇒ 2I=∫ 1dx
0

⇒ 2I=[ x]0


⇒ 2I= −0

⇒ I= (Ans.).
2

π
2x 1
). Find ∫  x12  x−1 dx .
0

(3 marks)
2x1
Sol.). Let ∫  x12  x−1 dx .
2x1
A B C
 
We assume  x1 x−1  x1 x 1  x−1
2 2
= _____ (1).

2
Multiplying both sides with  x 1  x −1 , we get :
2x+1 = A(x+1)(x-1) + B (x-1) + C (x+1)2 _____ (2).

Putting x = -1, (2) becomes :

2x+1 = A(x+1)(x-1) + B (x-1) + C (x+1)2
⇒ 2(-1)+1 = A [(-1)+1] [(-1)-1)] + B [(-1)-1] + C [(-1)+1] 2
⇒ -2+1 = A (0) + + B (-2) + C (0)
⇒ -1 = -2B
⇒ B = ½.
Putting x = 1, (2) becomes :
2x+1 = A(x+1)(x-1) + B (x-1) + C (x+1)2
⇒ 2(1)+1 = A[(1)+1] [(1)-1] + B [(1)-1] + C [(1)+1]2
⇒ 3 = A (0) + B (0) + C (4)
⇒ C=¾.

As given in (2), we have :

 2x+1 = A(x+1)(x-1) + B (x-1) + C (x+1)2
⇒ 2x+1 = A(x2-1) + B (x-1) + C (x2+1+2x)
⇒ 2x+1 = Ax2- A + Bx - B + Cx2+ C + 2Cx
⇒ 2x+1 = x2(A+C) + x(B +2C) – A – B +C.

Comparing the coefficients of x2, we have :

A+C=0
⇒ A = - C = - 3/4.

Putting values of A, B, and C in We assume (1), we have :

2x1 A B C
=  
 x12 x−1  x1 x 12  x−1
−3 1 3
      .
2x1 4 2 4
⇒ 2
=  2

x 1  x−1 x 1  x1  x−1
2x1 −3 1 3
⇒ =  
x 12  x−1 4x 1 2 x12 4 x−1

−3 1 3
Thus, I=∫ [ 4 x1  2x 12  4 x−1 ]dx
−21
−3 1 x 1 3
= log ∣x1∣  log ∣x−1∣C
4 2 −21 4
3 3 1
= log ∣x−1∣− log ∣x1∣− C
4 4 2 x1
3
= log
4 ∣ ∣
x −1
−
1
x 1 2x 1
C (Ans.).

). Find the particular solution of the differential equation :

dy 2

−2xy =3x 2 e x ; y(0)=5

dx

(3 marks)
dy 2

Sol.). The given differential equation is −2xy =3x 2 e x _____ (1).

dx
dy
Equation (1) is a linear differential equation. Comparing it with Py=Q , we have :
dx
 2

P = -2x, Q = 3x 2 e x .
Here, Integrating Factor,
I.F.=e ∫
P dx

=e∫
−2x dx

2
x
−2  
2
=e
2

=e −x
.

Here, the solution of given differential equation (1) is given as :

y I.F.=∫ Q I.F. dx
⇒ y e −x =∫ 3 x 2 e x −x dx
2 2

⇒ y e −x =∫ 3 x 2 e 0 dx
⇒ y e −x =∫ 3 x 2 1 dx
⇒ y e −x =x 3C _____ (2) .

Also, it is given that : y(0)=5.

Putting x = 0 and y = 5 in (2), we have :

−x 3
y e =x C
0 3
⇒ 5 e =0 C
⇒ 5 1=0C
⇒ 5=C
⇒C =5 .

Putting C = 5 in (2), we have :

−x 3
y e =x C
−x 3
⇒ y e =x 5 (Ans.).

). Solve the following differential equation :

x2dy + y(x+y)dx = 0.
(3 marks)
Sol.). The given differential equation is :
 x2dy + y(x+y)dx = 0
d y −y x y
⇒ = =f  x , y , say _____ (1) .
dx x2

CHECKING f(x, y) TO BE HOMOGENEOUS :

We assume x= λx and y= λy, where λ is a constant.
Then (1) becomes :
− λy  λx  λy 
f  λx , λy =
λ2 x 2
−λy  λx y
=
λ2 x 2
2
−λ y x y
= 2 2
λ x
−y  xy  dy
= = .
x2 dx
Hence, is a homogeneous function.
So, the equation only depends on the ratio of y/x and not on x and y separately.
We put y = v x .
Differentiating w.r.t , we get :
dy dv
=v x _____ (2)
dx dx

Also,
f x , y=
dy −y x y 
= 2
dx x
−vx[ x−vx]
=
x2
2 2 2
−vx −v x
= 2
x
2 2
x −v−v 
= 2
x
2
= −v −v  _____ (3).

From (2) and (3), we have :

 dy dv
=v x =−v −v 2
dx dx
dv
⇒ v x =−v−v 2
dx
dv
⇒ x =− 2vv 2 
dx
dv
⇒ x =− 2vv 2 
dx
dv −dx
⇒ 2
= .
2vv x

Integrating both sides, we get :

dv −dx
∫ 2vv 2 =∫ x
dv dx
⇒ ∫ v 22v1−1 =−∫ x (adding and subtracting 1 in the denominator)
dv dx
⇒ ∫  v12 −1 =−∫ x
⇒
1
1×2
log ∣
v 1−1
v 11 ∣ ∣∣
=log
C
x
1 1
(using the relation ∫ 2 2 dx = log
x −a 2a ∣ ∣
x −a
x a
C where x = (v+1) )

1
⇒ log
2 ∣ ∣v
v 2
=log ∣∣
C
x
⇒ log ∣ ∣
v
v 2
=2 log ∣∣
C
x

∣ ∣ ∣∣
2
v C
⇒ log =log
v 2 x

∣ ∣ ∣∣
2
v C
⇒ log =log 2
v 2 x

∣ ∣ ∣∣
2
y /x C
⇒ log =log 2 ( ∵ v= y / x )
y / x2 x
 ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
2
y /x C
⇒ log =log 2
y2x / x x

∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
2
y C
⇒ log =log 2
y2x x
2
y C
⇒ = 2
y2x x
2 2
⇒ x y=C  y2x
2 2
⇒ x y=K  y2x (where K is a constant) (Ans.).

). Find a vector of magnitude 4 units perpendicular to each of the vectors 2 i − j k and
i  j− k and hence verify your answer.
(3 marks)
Sol.). Let the two given vectors be :
a =2 i −j k and  b=i  j− k .
If c is a vector which is perpendicular to both a and 
b , then :
c =a × 
b
=2 i− j k × i j− k 

[ ]
i j k
= 2 −1 1
1 1 −1
= i [−1−1−11]− j [2−1−11] k [21−1−1]
= i 1−1− j −2−1 k [ 2−−1]
= i 0− j −3k 21
=3 j3 k .
If d is a vector which is perpendicular to both a and 
b , then  d is parallel to c .
As per question,
 c
d=4
∣c∣
3 j3 k 
=4
 99
 j k 
= 4×3
 2×9
  jk 
=2× 2× 2×3
 2×3×3
 j k 
=2× 2× 2×3
32
=2  2 jk 
=2  2 j2  2 k (Ans.).

CHECK :

Here, 
d . a =0−2  22  2=0−00=0,
and 
d. b=02  2−2  2=00−0=0.
Hence, 
d is perpendicular to both a and 
b (hence proved).

). The random variable X has the following probability distribution where a and b are
some constants :
X 1 2 3 4 5
P(X) 0.2 a a 0.2 b
If the mean E(X) = 3, then find values of a and b and hence determine P(X ≥ 3).
(3 marks)
Sol.). Given that the random variable X has the following probability distribution :
X 1 2 3 4 5
P(X) 0.2 a a 0.2 b
Here, a and b are some constants.

We know that :
∑ Pxi =1
⇒ 0.2 + a + a + 0.2 + b = 1
⇒ 0.4 + 2a + b = 1
⇒ 2a + b = 1 – 0.4
⇒ 2a + b = 0.6 _____ (1).

Also, it is given that mean, E(X) = 3

⇒ 0.2 + 2a + 3a + 0.8 + 5b = 3
⇒ 5a + 5b = 2 _____ (2).
Multiplying (1) by 5 and subtracting (2) from it, we get,
2a + b = 0.6 _____ (1) x 5 ,
(-) 5a + 5b = 2 _____ (2) .

⇒ 10a + 5b = 3
(-) 5a + 5b = 2
- - -
5a = 1
⇒ a = 1/5 (Ans.) .
Putting value of a in (1) , we have,
2a + b = 0.6
⇒ 2 (1/5) + b = 0.6
⇒ 2/5 + b = 0.6
6 2
⇒ b= −
10 5
6−4 2 1
⇒ b= = = (Ans.).
10 10 5

Now, P (X ≥ 3) = P (X = 3) + P (X = 4) + P (X = 5)
= a + 0.2 + b
= 1/5 + 0.2 +1/5
= 0.2 + 0.2 +0.2
= 0.6 (Ans.).

[ ]
1 2 −3
). If A = 2 0 −3 , then find A-1and hence solve the following system of equations :
1 2 0

x + 2y - 3z = 1,
2x - 3z = 2,
x + 2y =3.
(5 marks)
Sol.). Given that :
 [ ]
1 2 −3
A = 2 0 −3 .
1 2 0
Here, |A| = 1[(0)(0) - (2)(-3)] - 2 [(2)(0) - (1)(-3)] + (-3) [(2)(2) +(1) (0)]
= 1[(0) - (-6)] - 2 [(0) - (-3)] - 3 [(4) +(0)]
= 1[(6)] - 2 (3)- 3 (4)
= 6 - 6 -12
= -12.
|A| ≠ 0. So, A-1 exists.
The co-factors of A are :

A11 = 6, A12 = -3, A13 = 4,

A21 = -6, A22 = 3, A23 = 0,

A31 = -6, A32 = -3, and A33 = - 4.

( using the relation : Cij = (-1) (i+j) Pij, where Pij is the minor of Cij th element )

We know that Adj. (A) = transpose of matrix of co-factors of A

[ ]
6 −6 −6
∴ Adj. (A) = −3 3 −3 .
4 0 −4

1
We know that, A-1 = .adj  A 
∣A∣

[ ]
6 −6 −6
1
= −3 3 −3
−12
4 0 −4

[ ]
−1/2 1/ 2 1/2
= 1/ 4 −1/ 4 1/4 (Ans.).
−1/3 0 1/3

The given system of equations is :

 x + 2y - 3z = 1,
2x - 3z = 2,
x + 2y =3.

[] []
x 1
For X = y and B= 2 , the system of equations is A.X = B.
z 3

∴ X = A-1. B

[] [ ] []
x −1/2 1/ 2 1/2 1
⇒ y = 1/ 4 −1/ 4 1/4 . 2
z −1/3 0 1/3 3

[ ]
1 1
−1/21 2 3
2 2
= 1/ 41−1/ 421/43
1
−1/3102 3
3

[ ]
−1/213/2
= 1/4−1/23/4
−1/ 301

[]
2
= 1/2 .
2/3

Thus, x=2, y=1/2, z=2/3 (Ans.).

[ ] [ ]
1 2 −3 −6 17 13
). Find the product of the matrices 2 3 2 and 14 5 −8 hence solve
3 −3 −4 −15 9 −1
the system of linear equations :
 x + 2y - 3z = - 4,
2x + 3y + 2z = 2,
3x – 3y - 4z = 11.
(5 marks)
Sol.). Let the two given matrices be :

[ ] [ ]
1 2 −3 −6 17 13
A= 2 3 2 and B= 14 5 −8 .
3 −3 −4 −15 9 −1

[ ][ ]
1 2 −3 −6 17 13
Now, AB = 2 3 2 14 5 −8
3 −3 −4 −15 9 −1

[ ]
−12845 1710−27 13−163
= −1242−30 341518 26=24−2
−18−4260 51−15−36 39244

[ ]
67 0 0
= 0 67 0 (Ans.).
0 0 67

Now,

[ ]
1 0 0
AB = 67 0 1 0
0 0 1
⇒ AB = 67 I
⇒ A( 1/67 B ) = I
⇒ A -1 = 1/67 B
= 1/67 B

[ ]
−6 17 13
= 1/67 14 5 −8 _____ (1).
−15 9 −1
The given system of linear equations is :
x + 2y - 3z = - 4,
2x + 3y + 2z = 2,
3x – 3y - 4z = 11.

This given system of equations can be written as :

[] []
x −4
AX = B, where X = y and B = 2 .
z 11
Thus, X = A-1 B

[ ][]
−6 17 13 −4
= 1/67 14 5 −8 2 ( putting value of A-1 from (1) )
−15 9 −1 11

[ ]
2434143
= 1/67 −5610−88
6018−11

[ ]
2434143
= 1/67 −5610−88
6018−11

[ ]
201
= 1/67 −134
67

[ ]
201 / 67
= −134 /67
67/67

[]
3
= −2 .
1
Thus, x = 3, y = -2, z = 1 (Ans.).

). Find the area of the region bounded by the curve 4x2 + y2 = 36 using integration.
(5 marks)
Sol.). The equation of given curve is :
4x2 + y2 = 36
2 2
4x y 36
⇒  =
36 36 36
2 2
x y
⇒  =1
9 36
2 2
x y
⇒ 2  2 =1 _____ (1).
3 6
We observe that is the equation of an ellipse, as shown in Figure 1.
Here,
2 2
x y
 =1
9 36
2 2
y x
⇒ =1−
36 9
2
x
⇒ y =361− 
2
9
2
36×x
⇒ y =36−
2
9
2 2
⇒ y =36−4 x
Figure 1

2 2
⇒ y =49−x 
⇒ y=±2  3 −x .
2 2

Now, area bonded by the ellipse

B 0,6

= 4 ∫ 2  33−x 2 dx
A3,0
3
x 9 x
= 8[  9−x 2 sin−1 ]
2 2 3 0
 3 9 3 0 9 0
= 8[{
2
 9−9 sin−1 }−{  9−0 sin−1 }]
2 3 2 2 3
9 9
= 8[{ 0 sin−1 1 }−{ 0 sin−1 0 }]
2 2
9 9
= 8[{ sin−1 1}−{ sin−1 0} ]
2 2
9 
= 8[{   }−0]
2 2
= 18  sq. units (Ans.).

). Find the co-ordinates of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point (2, 3, -8) to
4−x y 1−z
the line = = .
2 6 3
Also, find the perpendicular distance of the given point from the line.
(5 marks)
Sol.). Let the given point be P (2, 3, -8).
Also, the given equation of line, say AB is :
4−x y 1−z
= = = , say
2 6 3
x−4 y z−1
⇒ = = = .
−2 6 −3
The line AB and point P have been shown in Figure.
Thus, the coordinates of any point on the
given line are :
x=−2  4, y=6  , z=−3 1, say point Q . Figure 1.

Thus, coordinates of Q are 4−2 , 6  ,−3 1

_____ (1).

Direction ratios of line PQ are :

< 4−2  −2, 6  −3,−3 1−−8>
= <2−2  ,−36  , 9−3 > .

The direction ratios of line AB are < -2, 6, -3 >.

Given that PQ ⊥ AB.
Thus,
−22−2 6−36  −39−3 =0
⇒−44  −1836  −279 =0
⇒−4949  =0
⇒ 49 =49
49
⇒ = =1 .
49

Hence, as per (1), the coordinates of Q are :

4−2 , 6  ,−3 1
= 4−21, 61,−311
= 4−2, 6,−31
= 2, 6,−2 .

The distance of point P from the foot of perpendicular Q is given as length of PQ =

 2 2
2−2 6−3 −28
2
=  0936
=  45
=  3×3×5
= 3  5 units (Ans.).

). Find the shortest distance between the lines L1 & L2 given below :
x y z
L1 : The line passing through (2, -1, 1) and parallel to = = ,
1 1 3
L2 : r =i  2µ1 j−µ2 k .
(5 marks)
Sol.). The two given lines are :
x y z
L1 : The line passing through (2, -1, 1) and parallel to = = .
1 1 3
L1 had direction ratios <1,1,3>. can be written in vector form as :
r = 2 i − j k   i j3 k =a1 b1 , say _____ (1).

L2 : r =i 2µ1 j−µ2 k

= i 2µ j j−µ k −2 k
 
= i  j−2 kµ2 j− k =a2 b2 , say _____ (2).

From (1) and (2), we have :

a1=2 i − j k , b1= i  j3 k ,
a2= i j−2 k , b =2 j− k . 2

Here, a2− a1= i  j−2 k −2 i − j k 

⇒ a2− a1=− i 2 j−3 k .

Also,

∣ ∣
i j k
b1×b2= 1 1 3
0 2 −1
= i [1−1−23]− j [1−1−03] k [12−01]
= i −1−6−j −1−0 k 2−0
=−7 i j2 k _____ (3).
Further,
 a2−a1× b1−b2 =−i 2 j−3 k ×−7 i  j2 k 
 a −a × b −b =72−6=3
2 1 1 2 _____ (4).

The shortest distance between the lines L1 and L2 is given as :

 a2− a1 × b1− b2
∣ b1−b2 ∣
∣3∣ (using (3) and (4) )
=
 −7 1 2 2 2 2

∣3∣
=
 4914
∣3∣
=
 54
∣3∣
=
 3×3×3×2
3 1
= = units (Ans.).
3 6 6
). Solve the following L.P.P. graphically :
Maximise Z = 60x + 40y
subject to x+2y ≤ 12,
2x+y ≤ 12,
4x + 5y ≥ 20,
x,y ≥ 0.
(5 marks)
Sol.). Here, the given L.P.P. Is :
Maximise Z = 60x + 40y
subject to x+2y ≤ 12 __ (1),
2x+y ≤ 12 __ (2),
4x + 5y ≥ 20 __ (3),
x,y ≥ 0 __ (4).

We make Table 1 of the line related to (1) by

assuming values of x and calculating the
respective values of y.
Table 1.
x 0 12
y 6 0

Then based on Table 1, we draw the line on

graph, as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1.
Next, we make Table 2 of the line related to (2) by assuming values of x and calculating the
respective values of y.
Table 2.
x 0 6
y 12 0
Then based on Table 2, we draw the line on graph, as shown in Figure 1.
Further, we make Table 3 of the line related to (3) by assuming values of x and calculating
the respective values of y.
Table 2.
x 0 5
 y 4 0
Then based on Table 3, we draw the line on graph, as shown in Figure 1.

On solving equations related to constraints (1) and (2), we have :

x+2y = 12 __ (A), X 2
2x+y = 12 __ (B).
(2A) - (B) gives :
2x+4y= 24 ,
2x+y = 12
(-) - - -

3y = 12
⇒ y = 12 / 3 = 4.

Putting value of y in (A), we have :

x+2y = 12
⇒ x+2(4)= 12
⇒ x= 12 - 8
⇒ x= 4.
Hence, the intersection point C (4, 4) gets obtained on Figure 1, as shown.
So, the corner points are A (5, 0), B (6, 0), C (4, 4), D(0, 6), and E(0, 4). The value of
objective function z at these points has been shown in Table 3.
Table 3
Point The value of 'z'
A (5, 0) 60 X 5 = 300
B (6, 0) 60 X 6 + 0= 360
C (4, 4) 60 X 4 + 40 X 4
= 400 (max,)
D(0, 6) 0 + 40 X 6 = 240
E(0, 4) 0 + 40 X 4 = 160

From Table 3, we see that the maximum value of z is 400 at the point C (4, 4) (Ans.).
). Students of a school are taken to a railway museum to learn about railways heritage and
its history.

An exhibit in the museum depicted many rail lines on the track near the railway station.
Let L be the set of all rail lines on the railway track and R be the relation on L defined by :
R = { (l1, l2): l1is parallel to l2 }.
On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions :
(i). Find whether the relation R is symmetric or not.
(ii). Find whether the relation R is transitive or not.
(iii). If one of the rail lines on the railway track is represented by the equation
y=3x+2, then find the set of rail lines in R related to it.
(4 marks)
Sol.). Given that, L be the set of all rail lines on the railway track, and
R be the relation on L defined by :
R = {(l1, l2): l1is parallel to l2 }.
Then :

(i). Checking R for being symmetric :

Let ( l1, l2 ) ∈ R
⇒ l1 is parallel to l2
⇒ l2 is parallel to l1
⇒ ( l2, l1 ) ∈ R.
Hence, R is a symmetric relation (Ans.).
(ii). Checking R for being transitive :
Let ( l1, l2 ) ∈ R and ( l2, l3 ) ∈ R
⇒ l1 is parallel to l2 and l2 is parallel to l3
⇒ l1 is parallel to l3
⇒ ( l1, l3 ) ∈ R.
Hence, R is a transitive relation (Ans.).

(iii). Given that, one of the rail lines on the railway track is represented by the equation:
y=3x+2 __ (A) .
We see that it is the slope intercept form equation of a straight line which has a slope 'm' and
'b' as the y-intercept.
Lines parallel to (A) are given by the equation :
{ l : l is the line of the form y = 3x + c } (Ans.).

). Let S be the relation defined by S = { (l1, l2): l1is perpendicular to l2 }.

Check whether the relation S is symmetric and transitive.
Sol.). Given that, S be the relation defined by :
S = { (l1, l2): l1is perpendicular to l2 }.
Then :
(i). Checking S for being symmetric :
Let ( l1, l2 ) ∈ S
⇒ l1 is perpendicular to l2
⇒ l2 is perpendicular to l1
⇒ ( l2, l1 ) ∈ S.
Hence, S is a symmetric relation (Ans.).
(ii). Checking R for being transitive :
Let ( l1, l2 ) ∈ S and ( l2, l3 ) ∈ S
⇒ l1 is perpendicular to l2 and l2 is perpendicular to l3
⇒ l1 is not perpendicular to l3
⇒ ( l1, l3 ) ∉ S.
Hence, S is a not a transitive relation (Ans.).

). A rectangular visiting card is to contain 24 sq. cm of printed matter. The margins at the
top and bottom of the card are to be 1 cm, and the margins on the left and right are to be 1
½ cm as shown below :
On the basis of above information, answer the following questions :
(i). Write the expression for the area of the visiting card in terms of x.
(ii). Obtain the dimensions of the card of minimum area.
(4 marks)
Sol.). Given that :
a rectangular visiting card is to contain 24 sq. cm of printed matter, the margins at
the top and bottom of the card are to be 1 cm, and the margins on the left and right are to
be 1 ½ cm.

Let the length of printed matter = x cm,

the breadth of printed matter = y cm.
As per question,
area of printed matter, xy =24 cm2 __ (1).
⇒ y = 24/x ____ (2).
(i). Here, total area of visiting card,
say A = (x+3) (y+2)
= x (y+2) +3 (y+2) Figure 1.
= xy+2x +3y+6
= x (24/x)+2x +3(24/x)+6 ( from (2) )
= 24 +2x +72/x + 6
= 2x +72/x + 30, which is the expression for area of the visiting card in terms of x (Ans.).
____ (3)
(ii). Differentiating (3) w.r.t x on both sides, we get :
dA d 72
= 2x 30
dx dx x
−1
=272 2 0
x
 72 .
=2−
x2

We know that for critical values,

dA
=0
dx
72
⇒ 2− 2 =0
x
72
⇒ 2= 2
x
72
⇒ x2 =
2
2
⇒ x =36
2
⇒ x =±6 .

Further,
A d 72
d2 2
x= 2− 2 
d dx x
d
= 2−72 x −2
dx
−3
=0−72−2 x 
144
= 3  at x=6 
6
144
= 3  at x=6 
6
2
= , which is a positive term.
3
Hence, area A is minimum when x=6 and y=4.
Thus, dimensions of visiting card are length 6 cm and width 4 cm(Ans.).

). A departmental store sends bills to charge its customers once a month. Past experience
shows that 70% of its customers pay their first month bill in time. The store also found that
the customer who pays the bill in time has the probability of 0.8 of paying in time next
month and the customer who doesn’t pay in time has the probability of 0.4 of paying in
next month.
 Based on the above information, answer the following questions :
(i). Let E1 and E2 respectively denote the event of customer paying or not paying the first
month bill in time. Find P(E1), P(E2).
(ii). Let A denotes the event of customer paying second month’s bill in time, then find P(A|
E1) and P(A| E2).
(iii) Find the probability of customer paying second month’s bill in time.
OR
(iii) Find the probability of customer paying first month’s bill in time if it is found that
customer has paid the second month’s bill in time.

Sol.). Given that :

the event that the customer pays the first month bill in time be denoted by : E1,
the event that the customer does not pay the first month bill in time be denoted by : E2,
the event that the customer pays the second month bill in time be denoted by : A.

(i). Here P(E1) = 70% = 70/100 = 7/10, and P(E2) = 30% = 30/100 =3/10 (Ans.).

(ii). We have :
P(A|E1) = probability of customer paying the second month bill when the first month bill is
paid on time,
P(A|E2) = probability of customer paying the second month bill when the first month bill is
not paid on time.
Here, P(A|E1) = 0.8 = 8/10 (Ans.), and P(A|E1) = 0.4 = 4/10 (Ans.).

(iii). Probability of customer paying the second month bill on time,

P(A) = P(E1)P(A|E1) + P(E2) P(A|E2)
7 8 3 4
= ×  ×
10 10 10 10
56 12
= 
100 100
68 ____ (1).
= =0.68
100

OR
(iii). Here, probability of customer paying the first month bill when the second month bill
is paid on time = P(E1| A).
By Baye's theorem,
 [   ]
A
P  E1 ×P
P
 
E1
A
=
PA 
E1 ____ (1).

Also, we know that :

P(A) = P(E1)P(A|E1) + P(E2) P(A|E2)
7 8 3 4
= ×  ×
10 10 10 10
56 12
= 
100 100
68 ____ (1).
= =0.68
100

From (1) and (2), we have :

[   ]
A
P  E1 ×P
P
 
E1
A
=
PA 
E1

7 8
×
10 10
=
0.68
7 8
×
10 10
=
0.68
0.56
=
0.68
0.56 14
=
0.6817
14
= (Ans.).
17