Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Straight Lines

Questions
1. Find distance of (2, 3) from x + y + 1 = 0 , measured along 2 x − y − 2 = 0 _____.
2. Find the equation of the straight line that passes through the point (3, 4) and perpendicular to the
line 3x + 2y + 5 = 0.
3. A line passes through the point A(2, 0) which makes an angle of 30° with the positive direction of
x-axis and is rotated about A in clockwise direction through an angle of 15°. Find the equation of
the straight line in the new position.
4. A line intersects the straight lines 5x - y - 4 = 0 and 3x - 4y - 4 = 0 at A and B, respectively. If a
point P(1, 5) on the line AB is such that AP : PB = 2 : 1 (internally), find point A.

5. The ends of the base of an isosceles triangle are ( 2a,0 ) and ( 0, a ) . The equation of one of the equal
sides is x = 2a. The equation of the other equal side is _____.
(a) x + 2 y − a = 0 (b) x + 2 y = 2a (c) 3x + 4 y − 4a = 0 (d) 3x − 4 y + 4a = 0

6. If in a parallelogram ABDC, the coordinates of A, B and C are respectively (1, 2), (3, 4) and (2, 5),
then the equation of the diagonal AD is
(a) 5 x + 3 y − 11 = 0 (b) 3x + 5 y − 13 = 0 (c) 3x − 5 y + 7 = 0 (d) 5 x − 3 y + 1 = 0

7. The length of the perpendicular from the origin to a line is 7 and the line makes an angle of 150°
with the positive direction of y-axis. Find the equation of the line.

8. A line forms a triangle of area 54 3 square units with the axes. Find the equation of the line if the
perpendicular drawn from the origin to the line makes an angle of 60° with the x-axis.
9. On the line x − y + 2 = 0 , find point, 3 units away from (4, 2) _____.
10. A straight line is drawn through the point P(2, 3) and is inclined at an angle of 30° with the x-axis.
Find the coordinates of two points on it at a distance 4 from p.
11. Reduce the following equations into slope-intercept form and find their slopes and the y-intercept.
(i) x + 7y = 0 (ii) 6x + 3y -5 = 0
12. Reduce the 3x + 2y - 12 = 0 into intercept form and find their intercepts on the axes.
13. Intercepts of an equation px + qy + 6 = 0 are double in length to the those cut off by the line
3x − 5 y − 15 = 0 on the axes, then the value of 5p + q is _____.
(a) 2 (b) -2 (c) 3 (d) -3
14. Reduce x - y = 4 into normal form. Find its perpendicular distance from the origin and angle
between perpendicular & the positive x-axis.
15. Find the angle between the lines whose slopes are 1/2 and 3.
16. Angle between x = 9 and x − 3 y + 7 = 0 is ________.
(a) 90o (b) 60o (c) 45o (d) 120o
17. The angle between the straight lines x − y 3 = 5 and 3x + y = 7 is ________.
(a) 90o (b) 60o (c) 75o (d) 30o
18. The angle between the straight lines y = 3x + 7 and y = x + 6 is ________.
(a) 45o (b) 25o (c) 15o (d) 30o
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Straight Lines

19. If the vertices of a parallelogram taken in order are respectively ( 0,0 ) , (1,0 ) , ( 2,2 ) and (1,2 ) , then
the angle between its diagonals is _____.
20. The lines 2 x + 5 y = 7 and 2 x − 5 y = 9 are ________.
(a) parallel (b) coincident (c) intersecting (d) perpendicular
21. Equation of a line passing through (1, −2 ) and perpendicular to the line 3x − 5 y + 7 = 0 is ______.
(a) 3x − 5 y + 1 = 0 (b) 3x + 5 y + 1 = 0 (c) 5 x − 3 y − 1 = 0 (d) 5 x + 3 y + 1 = 0

22. The equation of the line passing through (1,1) and parallel to the line 2 x + 3 y − 7 = 0 is ________.
(a) 2 x + 3 y − 5 = 0 (b) 3x + 2 y − 5 = 0 (c) 3x − 2 y − 7 = 0 (d) 2 x + 3 y + 5 = 0

23. Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining the points A(2, 3) and
B(6, -5).
24. If the perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining the points P(1, 4) and Q(k, 3) has y-intercept
equal to -4, then a value of k is
(a) 14 (b) 15 (c) −4 (d) −2
25. If the straight line, 2x - 3y + 17 = 0 is perpendicular to the line passing through the points (7, 17)
and (15, β), then β equals _____.
26. If a ΔABC has vertices A(-1, 7), B(-7, 1) and C(5, -5), then find the coordinates of its orthocentre.
27. The equations of the two straight lines passing through the point ( 3,2 ) and making an angle of 45
with the line x − 2 y = 3, are _____.
(a) 3x + y + 7 = 0 and x + 3 y + 9 = 0 (b) 3x − y − 7 = 0 and x + 3 y − 9 = 0
(c) x + 3 y − 7 = 0 and x + 3 y − 9 = 0 (d) None of these

28. Find the equation of the straight line which passes through the origin and makes angle 60° with the
line x + 3 y + 3 3 = 0 .

29. The opposite angular points of a square are ( 3,4 ) and (1, −1) . Then the coordinates of the other two

vertices are _____.

1 9  1 5 1 9 1 5 9 1  1 5 1 9 5 1
(a)  ,  ,  − ,  (b)  ,  ,  ,  (c)  ,  ,  − ,  (d)  ,  ,  , 
2 2  2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2  2 2 2 2 2 2

( )
30. If the lines y = 2 + 3 x + 4 and y = kx + 6 are inclined at an angle of 60 to each other, then the
value of k can be _____.
31. The equations of the lines through (1, 2) which make equal angles with y = 3x and y = − 3x − 3
are ______.
32. Find the equations of the lines passing through the point (2, 3) and equally inclined to the lines
3x - 4y = 7 and 12x - 5y + 6 = 0.
33. Two lines are drawn trough (3, 4) each of which makes angle of 45° with line x - y = 2, then area of
the triangle formed by these lines is ______sq. units.
34. A vertex of an equilateral triangle is (2, 3) and the equation of the opposite side is x + y = 2. Find
the equation of the other sides of the triangle.
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Straight Lines

35. A straight line L at a distance of 4 units from the origin makes positive intercepts on the coordinate
axes and the perpendicular from the origin to this line makes an angle of 60° with the line x + y = 0.
Then an equation of the line L is
(a) ( 3 + 1) x + ( 3 + 1) y = 8 2 (b) ( 3 − 1) x + ( 3 + 1) y = 8 2
(c) 3x + y = 8 (d) x + 3 y = 8
36. Find the distance of the point (1, -1) from the line 3x + 4y + 13 = 0.
37. Find the points on the line x + y = 4 that lie at a unit distance from the line 4x + 3y = 10.
x y
38. Find the points on the x-axis, whose distance from the line + = 1 is 4 units.
3 4
39. Find the points on y-axis whose perpendicular distance from the line 4x − 3y − 12 = 0 is 3.

40. If p and q are the lengths of the perpendiculars from origin on the lines
x cos ec − y sec = k cot 2 & x sin  + y cos  = k sin 2 respectively, then k2 is equal to:
(a) 4 p 2 + q 2 (b) 2 p 2 + q 2 (c) p 2 + 2q 2 (d) p 2 + 4q 2
41. The distance between the lines : 6x + 8y - 45 = 0 & 3x + 4y - 5 = 0 is:
(a) 3 units (b) 3.5 units (c) 2 units (d) 2.5 units
42. Find the foot of the perpendicular from the point (2, 4) upon x + y = 1.
43. The coordinates of the foot of perpendicular from the point (2, 3) on the line y = 3x + 4 is given by
 37 −1   −1 37   10   2 −1 
(a)  ,  (b)  ,  (c)  , −10  (d)  , 
 10 10   10 10   37  3 3 
44. A piece of cheese is located at (12, 10) in coordinate plane. A mouse is at (4, -2) and is running up
the line y = -5x + 18 to get closer to the cheese. At the point (a, b), the mouse starts getting farther
from cheese rather than closer to it. Then find the value of (a + b).
45. Find the image of the point (4, -13) in the line 5x + y + 6 = 0.
46. Let L denote the line in the xy-plane with x and y intercepts as 3 & 1 respectively. Then the image
of the point (-1, -4) in this line is:
 11 28   29 11   29 8   8 29 
(a)  ,  (b)  ,  (c)  ,  (d)  , 
5 5   5 5  5 5 5 5 
47. Area of parallelogram whose sides are 2x + y + 1 = 0, 2x + y + 4 = 0, x – 3y – 1 = 0 and x – 3y + 2 = 0
is equal to _______ units.

48. If 3a - 2b - c = 0 , then the line ax + by + c = 0 always passes through the point _____.
(a) ( 3, −2 ) (b) ( −3,2 ) (c) ( 3, −1) (d) ( 2, −1)

49. If a and b are two arbitrary constants, then the straight line (a – 2b)x + (a + 3b)y + 3a + 4b = 0 will
always pass through the point
(a) (1, 2) (b) (-1, 2) (c) (-1, -2) (d) (-2, -3)
50. Find the equation of the line passing through the point of intersection of x + 2y = 5 and x - 3y = 7,
and passing through the point (0, -1).
51. Find the equation of line passing through the point of intersection of x + 2y - 3 = 0 & 4x - y + 7 = 0,
and which is parallel to 5x + 4y - 20.
52. If 3a + 2b + 4c = 0 , then the line ax + by + c = 0 always passes through the point _____.
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Straight Lines

53. Consider the family of lines (5x + 3y - 2) + λ1 (3x - y - 4) = 0 and (x - y + 1) + λ2(2x - y - 2) = 0.

Find the equation of a straight line that belongs to both the families.
54. For the straight lines 3x − 4 y + 1 = 0 and 5 x + 12 y − 2 = 0 find the equations of the following.
(a) bisector of angle containing ( −1, − 1)
(b) obtuse angle bisector
(c) acute angle bisector
55. The bisector of the acute angle formed between the lines 4x - 3y + 7 = 0 and 3x - 4y + 14 = 0 has
the equation
(a) x + y + 3 = 0 (b) x - y - 3 = 0 (c) x - y + 3 = 0 (d) 3x + y - 7 = 0

56. The equation of the line which bisects the obtuse angle between the lines x - 2y + 4 = 0 and
4x - 3y + 2 = 0 is:
(a) (4 − 5) x − (3 − 2 5) y + (2 − 4 5) = 0 (b) (4 + 5) x − (3 + 2 5) y + (2 − 4 5) = 0
(c) (4 + 5) x + (3 + 2 5) y + (2 + 4 5) = 0 (d) (4 − 5) x + (3 − 2 5) y − (2 − 4 5) = 0
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Straight Lines

ANSWER KEY
1. 2 5 2. 2x - 3y + 6 = 0 ( ) (
3. 2 − 3 x − y − 2 2 − 3 = 0 )
 75 304 
4.  ,  5. (d) 6. (d)
 77 17 
 3 3   3 3 
7. 3x + y = 14 8. x + 3 y = 18 9.  4 + , 2+  and  4 − , 2− 
 2 2  2 2
10. (2 + 2 3,5) and (2 − 2 3,1) 11. (i) m = -1/7, c = 0 (ii) m = -2, c = 5/3
12. a = 4, b = 6 13. (b) 14.  = 315o , p = 2 2 15. 45o
16. (b) 17. (a) 18. (c) 19. 45o
20. (c) 21. (d) 22. (a) 23. x − 2 y − 6 = 0
24. (c) 25. 5 26. (-3, 3) 27. (b)
1
28. x − 3 y = 0 or x = 0 29. (c) 30. −1,
2+ 3
31. x = 1, y = 2 32. 9 x − 7 y + 3 = 0and 7 x + 9 y = 41 33. 4.5

( ) ( ) ( ) (
34. 2 + 3 x − y − 2 3 + 1 = 0 and 2 − 3 x − y + 2 3 − 1 = 0 ) 35. (b)

12
36. units 37. (3, 1) & (-7, 11) 38. (8, 0) & (-2, 0) 39. (0, 1) & (0, -9)
5
 1 3
40. (a) 41. (b) 42.  − ,  43. (b)
 2 2
44. 10 45. (-1, -14) 46. (a) 47. 9/7
48. (b) 49. (c) 50. 3x - 29y - 29 = 0 51. 15x + 12y - 7 = 0
3 1
52.  ,  53. 5x - 2y - 7 = 0
4 2

54. (i) 64x + 8y + 3 = 0 (ii) 14x – 112y + 23 = 0 (iii) 64x + 8y + 3 = 0

55. (c) 56. (a)

Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Straight Lines

SOLUTION
1.
Since AP is parallel to the line 2 x − y − 2 = 0,
slope of AP will be same
 AP : 2 x − y + c = 0
AP passes through A ( 2, 3) ,
4 − 3 + c = 0  c = −1
 AP : 2 x − y − 1 = 0
Solving 2 x − y − 1 = 0 with x + y + 1 = 0,
we get x = 0 and y = −1, that is P ( 0, − 1)

Now, AP = ( 2 − 0) + ( 3 + 1) = 2 5
2 2

2.
The equation of a line perpendicular to 3 x + 2 y + 5 = 0 is
2x − 3y +  = 0 (i )
This passes through the point ( 3, 4 ) , therefore we get
2  ( 3) − 3  ( 4 ) +  = 0
 =6
Putting  = 6in ( i ) , we get
2x − 3y + 6 = 0
Which is the required equation.
3.
We have,
(
m = tan (15 ) = 2 − 3 )
Hence, the required equation of the line is
( )
y − 0 = 2 − 3 ( x − 2)

( )
 2− 3 x− y−2 2− 3 =0 ( )
4.
Any point A on the first line ( t ,5t − 4 ).
 ( 3r − 4 ) 
Any point B on the second line is  r , .
 4 
3r − 4
+ 5t − 4
2r + t 2
Hence, 1 = and 5 =
3 3
 2r + t = 3 and 3r + 10t = 42
75
On solving, we get t = .
17
 75 304 
Hence A is  , .
 77 17 
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Straight Lines

5.
Let A(2a, k) be the vertex of the isosceles ABC whose base vertices are B ( 0,a ) and C ( 2a,0 ) .
AB = AC
 k = 4a 2 + ( k − a )
2

5a
k=
2
Hence, the required equation is 3x − 4 y + 4a = 0.

6.
Midpoint of AD = Midpoint of BC
 x1 + 1 y1 + 2   3 + 2 4 + 5 
 , = , 
 2 2   2 2 
 ( x1 , y1 ) = ( 4,7 )
2−7
 Equation of AD: y − 7 = ( x − 4)
1− 4
5
 y − 7 = ( x − 4)
3
 3 y − 21 = 5 x − 20
 5x − 3 y + 1 = 0

7.
Here p = 7 and  = 30o
Equation of the required line is
x cos30 + y sin 30 = 7
3 1
 x+ y=7
2 2
 3 x + y = 14

8.
Ler AB be the given line and OC = p
Given, COA =  = 60o
Equation of line AB : x cos 60o + y sin 60o = p
1  3
 x   + y   = p
2  2 
x 3y
 + =1 .....(i)
2p 2p
Now, intercept OA = p sec60o = 2 p
2p
And, intercept OB = p cos ec60o =
3
Area of OAB = 54 3
1 2p
 2p = 54 3
2 3
 p 2 = 81
p=9
Hence, required equation of line: x + 3 y = 18
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Straight Lines

9.
Slope of x − y + 2 = 0 is 1
  = 45
 required points are
( 4 + 3cos 45 , 2 + 3sin 45 ) and ( 4 − 3cos 45 , 2 − 3sin 45 ) ,
 3 3   3 3 
that is  4 + , 2+  and  4 − , 2− 
 2 2  2 2
10.
Here ( x1 , y1 ) = (2,3) and  = 30o
x−2 y −3
Thus, the equation of the line is o
=
cos30 sin 30o
x−2 y −3
 =
3/2 1/ 2
 x − 2 = 3( y − 3)
 x − 3y = 2 − 3 3
Points on the line at adistance 4 from P(2, 3) are (x1  r cos  , y1  r sin  )
or ( 2  4cos30o ,3  4sin 30o )

(
i.e., 2  2 3,3  2 )
i.e., (2 + 2 3,5) and (2 − 2 3,1)

11.
(i) Given equation can be written as
1
y = − x+0
7
Comparing with y = mx + c, we get
1
m = − and c = 0
7
(ii) Given equation can be written as
1 5
y = − (−6 x + 5)  y = −2 x +
3 3
Comparing with y = mx + c, we get
5
m = −2 and c =
3
12.
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Straight Lines

13.

14.

15.
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Straight Lines

16.
Given lines are x = 9 and x − 3 y + 7 = 0
1
Here one line is parallel to y-axis and slope of second line is
3
1
Hence, tan  = = 3
1/ 3
  = 60

17.
Given lines are x − y 3 = 5 and 3x + y = 7
As a1a2 + b1b2 = (1) ( 3 ) + ( − 3 ) (1) = 0,
So, the given lines are perpendicular.

18.

1− 3
 = tan −1 = 15o
1+ 3
19.
Let A(0, 0), B(1, 0), C(2, 2) & D(1, 2) be the vertices
For diagonal AC
2−0
m AC = =1
2−0
 1 = 45o
For diagonal BD
2−0 2
m BD = =
1 −1 0
  2 = 90o
 Angle between two diagonals =  2 − 1 = 90o − 45o = 45o

20.
2
Slope of 2 x + 5 y = 7 is −
5
2
and slope of 2 x − 5 y = 9 is
5
Clearly, the lines are not parallel, perpendicular or coincident.

21.
Given line is 3 x − 5 y + 7 = 0
3
Its slope, m1 =
5
Let slope of required line be m 2 , then
m1  m2 = −1  lines are perpendicular 
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Straight Lines

3
  m2 = −1
5
5
 m2 = −
3
5
Now, equation of the line with slope − and passing through (1, -2) is
3
5
y + 2 = − (x − 1)
3
 3 y + 6 = −5 x + 5
 5x + 3 y + 1 = 0

Alternate Solution:
Equation of a line perpendicular to 3x − 5 y + 7 = 0 is 5 x + 3 y +  = 0.
Since it passes through (1, −2 ) , we have  = 1.
Required equation is 5 x + 3 y + 1 = 0.

22.
Given line is 2 x + 3 y − 7 = 0
2
Its slope, m1 = −
3
Let slope of required line be m 2 , then
2
m1 = m2 = −  lines are parallel
3
2
Now, equation of the line with slope − and passing through (1, 1) is
3
2
y − 1 = − (x − 1)
3
 3 y − 3 = −2 x + 2
 2x + 3 y − 5 = 0

Alternate Solution:
Equation of a line parallel to 2 x + 3 y − 7 = 0 is of the form 2 x + 3 y +  = 0.
Since it passes through (1,1) , 2 + 3 +  = 0   = −5.
Required equation is 2 x + 3 y − 5 = 0.

23.
−5 − 3
The slope of AB = m = = −2
6−2
1 1
 The slope of a line ⊥ to AB = − =
m 2
 2+ 6 3−5 
Let P be the midpoint of AB, then the coordinates of P are  ,  , i.e., ( 4, −1)
 2 2 
1
Thus, equation of line passing through P ( 4, −1) and with slope is
2
1
y + 1 = ( x − 4)
2
or x − 2 y − 6 = 0
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Straight Lines

24.
 k +1 7 
Mid point of line segment PQ is  , 
 2 2
1
Slope of PQ is
1− k
So equation of perpendicular bisector of PQ is
7  k + 1
y− = ( k − 1)  x −
2  2 
Line passes through ( 0, −4 )

−
15
=−
( k 2 − 1)
2 2
 k = 4

25.
−2 2
Slope of straight line, m1 = =
−3 3
 − 17  − 17
Slope of line passing through two points, m 2 = =
15 − 7 8
Since the lines are perpendicular
 m1m2 = −1
 2   − 17 
   = −1
 2  2 
 =5

26.
−6 −1
Here mBC = =
12 2
So mAD  mBC = −1
 mAD = 2
So equation of AD : y − 7 = 2 ( x + 1)
or 2 x − y + 9 = 0 ( i )
12
Now, mAC = = −2
−6
 mBE  mAC = −1
1
 mBE =
2
Thus, equation of BE is
2y − 2 = x + 7
 x − 2y + 9 = 0 ( ii )
On solving (i) and (ii), we get
x = −3
y =3
So, H  ( −3,3)
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Straight Lines

27.
1
Slope of given line x − 2 y = 3 is .
2
1
m−
Thus, tan 45 = 2
1
1+ m
2
2m − 1
1=
m+2
 m = 3.
Since the lines pass through ( 3,2 ) ,
Their equations will be 3x − y − 7 = 0 and x + 3 y − 9 = 0.

28.
Given line is x + 3 y + 3 3 = 0
−1
Therefore, slope of line, m1 = .
3
Let the slope of the required line be m2 .
Also the angle between these lines is 60
 −1 
m2 −  
 tan 60 =  3
 −1 
1 + m2  
 3
3m2 + 1
 3=
3 − m2
3m2 + 1
 = 3
3 − m2
3m2 + 1
Taking = 3
3 − m2
1
 m2 =
3
1
The equation of the required line is y = x + 0,
3
i.e., x − 3 y = 0 ( as the line passes through the origin, c = 0 )
3m2 + 1
Taking =− 3
3 − m2
3m2 + 1 = −3 + 3m2
Thus, m2 is not defined
 The required line is a vertical line and it passes through the origin.
Hence, the equation of the required line is x = 0.
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Straight Lines

29.
Let A ( 3,4 ) and C (1, −1) be the given two vertices of the square.
5
Clearly, mAC = .
2
Let m be the slope of a line inclined at an angle of 45 to AC.
m − mAC
Then tan 45 =
1 + mmAC
5
m−
 1 = 2
5
1+ m
2
7 3
m=− , .
3 7
3 7
So, let mAB = mDC = and let mAD = mBC = − .
7 3
Equations of AB and BC are 3x − 7 y + 19 = 0 and 7 x + 3 y − 4 = 0 respectively.
 1 5
On solving these equations, we get B  − ,  .
 2 2
Now let the coordinates of the vertex D be ( h, k ) .
Since midpoints of AC and BD are same, so we have the following.
1 1 1
 h −  = ( 3 + 1)
2 2 2
9
h=
2
1 5 1
and  k +  = ( 4 − 1)
2 2 2
1
k = .
2
9 1
Hence, D  ,  .
2 2
30.
( )
Slope of line y = 2 + 3 x + 4 is 2 + 3 and that of line y = kx + 6 is k.
Angle between these lines is 60.

2+ 3−k
 = tan 60
(
1+ 2 + 3  k )
2+ 3−k
 = 3
2k + 3k + 1
1
 k = −1,
2+ 3
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Straight Lines

31.

32.
Equation of any line passing through ( 2,3 ) is
y − 3 = m ( x − 2) (i )
Equation ( i ) is equally inclined with the lines
3x − 4 y = 7 ( ii ) and
12 x − 5 y + 6 = 0 ( iii )
 3   12 
 m− 4   m− 5 
Therefore,  = − 
3   1 + 12 m 
1+ m 
 4   5 
 3   12 
 m− 4  m− 5 
 = − 
3   1 + 12 
1+ m 
 4   m 
 4m − 3   12 − 5m 
 = 
 4 + 3m   5 + 12m 
 63m 2 − 32m − 63 = 0
 63m 2 − 81m + 49m − 63 = 0
 9m ( 7 m − 9 ) + 7 ( 7 m − 9 ) = 0
 ( 7 m − 9 )( 9m + 7 ) = 0
9 7
 m = ,−
7 9
From Eq.( i ) , we get,
9 7
y −3= ( x − 2 ) and y − 3 = − ( x − 2 )
7 9
 9 x − 7 y + 3 = 0 and 7 x + 9 y = 41
which is the required equations of the lines.
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Straight Lines

33.
The equation of lines are
m1  m2
y − y1 = ( x − x1 )
1 m1m2
Since, m1 = 1, m2 = 1
11
y−4= ( x − 3)
1 1
 y = 4 or x = 3
Hence, the lines which make the triangle are
x − y = 2, x = 3 and y = 4.
The intersection points of these lines are ( 6, 4 ) , ( 3,1) and ( 3, 4 ) .
1
 Area of triangle,  = 6 (1 − 4 ) + 3 ( 4 − 4 ) + 3 ( 4 − 1)
2
1
= 6 ( −3) + 3 ( 0 ) + 3 ( 3)
2
1 9
= −18 + 0 + 9 = sq units
2 2

34.
Let ABC be an equilateral triangle, where A is ( 2,3)
and BC is x + y = 2.
Equation of any line passing through ( 2,3) is
y − 3 = m ( x − 2).
The slope of the line x + y = 2 is ( −1) .
m +1
 tan ( 60 ) =
1− m
m +1
 = 3
1− m
m +1 m +1
 = 3 and =− 3
1− m 1− m
m ( 3 +1 = ) ( )
3 − 1 and m ( 3 +1 =) ( 3 −1 )
 3 −1  3 +1
 m =   and m =  
 3 +1  3 −1
 m = 2 − 3 and m = 2 + 3
Hence, the equations of the line are

( ) (
y − 3 = 2 − 3 ( x − 2 ) and y − 3 = 2 + 3 ( x − 2 ) )
( ) ( ) (
 2 + 3 x − y − 2 3 + 1 = 0 and 2 − 3 x − y + 2 3 − 1 = 0 ) ( )
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Straight Lines

35.
If perpendicular makes an angle of 60o with the line x + y = 0
Then the perpendicular makes an angle 15o or 75o with x − axis.
So, the equation of line will be
x cos 75o + y sin 75o = 4 or x cos15o + y sin15o = 4
i.e. ( 3 − 1) x + ( 3 + 1) y = 8 2 or 3( 3 + 1) x + ( 3 − 1) y = 8 2
By rotating the normal towards the line x + y = 0 in anticlockwise sense,
we get the answer in option (b)

36.

37.

38.

39.
Let the required point be P ( 0, ) .
It is given that the length of the perpendicular from P ( 0, ) on 4 x − 3 y − 12 = 0 is 3

4 ( 0 ) − 3 − 12
 =3
42 + ( −3)
2
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Straight Lines

 3 + 12 = 15
  +4 =5
  + 4 = 5
  = 1, −9
Hence, the required points are ( 0,1) and ( 0, −9 )

40.
x y k cos 2
First line is − =
sin  cos  sin 2
k
 x cos  − y sin  = cos 2
2
k
 p = cos 2
2
 2 p = k cos 2 .....(i )
Second line is x sin  + y cos  = k sin 2
 q = k sin 2 .....(ii )
Hence, 4 p 2 + q 2 = k 2 [squaring and adding (i) and (ii)]

41.
We can write the given equations as:
6 x + 8 y − 45 = 0 ( i )
6 x + 8 y − 10 = 0 ( ii )
Note that, two lines are parallel as their slopes are equal.
C1 − C2
Distance between two parallel lines Ax + By + C1 = 0 and Ax + By + C2 = 0 is given by:
A2 + B 2
−45 − ( −10 ) −35 35
d = = = = 3.5 units
6 2 + 82 10 10
42.
Required foot ( h, k ) of the perpendicular is given by
h − 2 k − 4 − ( 2 + 4 − 1) −5
= = =
1 1 1+1 2
 5  −1 5 3
h = 2−  = and k = 4 −   =
2 2 2 2
 −1 3 
Required foot is  ,  .
 2 2
43.
Required foot ( ,  ) of the perpendicular is
 −2  −3 − (6 − 3 + 4)
−7
= = =
3 −1 9 +1 10
 21  −1  7  37
 = 2−  = and  = 3 +   =
 10  10  10  10
 −1 37 
Required foot is  ,  .
 10 10 
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Straight Lines

Alternate Solution:
Let the foot be A ( ,  ) .
 = 3 + 4 (i )
m1  m2 = −1
 −3
 3 = −1
 −2
 3 = − + 11 ( ii )
On solving Eqs ( i ) and ( ii ) , we get
1 37
 =− , =
10 10
44.

( a, b ) is the foot of the perpendicular from (12, 10) on the line y + 5x = 18

a − 12 b − 10 − (10 + 60 − 18 )
 = = = −2
5 1 25 + 1
 a = −10 + 12 = 2 and b = 10 − 2 = 8

45.
Let P ( x1 , y1 ) be the image of ( 4, −13 ) on the line 5 x + y + 6 = 0, then
x1 − 4 y1 + 13 −2 5 ( 4 ) − 13 + 6 
= =
5 1 ( 52 + 12 )
x1 − 4 y1 + 13 26
 = =−
5 1 26
 x1 − 4 = −5 and y1 + 13 = −1
 x1 = −1 and y1 = −14
Hence, P ( −1, −14 ) .

46.
x y
Line is + = 1 or x + 3 y − 3 = 0
3 1
Let image of point ( −1, −4 ) is ( ,  )
 +1  +4  −1 − 12 − 3 
Hence, = = −2  
1 3  10 
 + 1  + 4 16
 = =
1 3 5
11 28
 = ,  =
5 5
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Straight Lines

47.

48.

49.

50.
The family of lines passing through the intersection of given lines is
(x + 2y - 5) + k(x - 3y - 7) = 0 . . . (i)
Since it passes through (0, -1)
∴ -7 + k (- 4) = 0
⇒ k = - 7/4
Putting in (i), we get
(x + 2y - 5) - 7/4 (x - 3y - 7) = 0
⇒ 4x + 8y - 20 - 7x + 21y + 49 = 0
⇒ 3x - 29y - 29 = 0
Which is required equation

51.
The family of lines passing through the intersection of given lines is
(x + 2y - 3) + k(4x - y + 7) = 0 . . . (i)
Also, the other line is 5x + 4y - 20 = 0 . . .(ii)
Since (i) and (ii) are parallel, thus their slopes are equal.
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Straight Lines

Putting in (i), we get

52.

53.
Lines 5 x + 3 y − 2 + 1 ( 3 x − y − 4 ) = 0 are concurrent at (1, −1)
and lines x − y + 1 + 2 ( 2 x − y − 2 ) = 0 are concurrent at ( 3, 4 ).
Thus, the equation of line common to both families is
−1 − 4
y−4= ( x − 3)
1− 3
i.e., 5 x − 2 y − 7 = 0

54.
(a)
The given lines are 3 x − 4 y + 1 = 0 and 5 x + 12 y − 2 = 0
−3 + 4 + 1 2
For the point ( −1, − 1) , =− 0
−5 − 12 − 2 19
 The required angle bisector is
3x − 4 y + 1  5 x + 12 y − 2 
= − 
32 + 42  5 + 12 
2 2

 64 x + 8 y + 3 = 0

(b) & (c)

Thegiven lines are 3 x − 4 y + 1 = 0 and 5 x + 12 y − 2 = 0
The two angle bisectors for the given lines are
3x − 4 y + 1 5 x + 12 y − 2  5 x + 12 y − 2 
3x − 4 y + 1
= and = − 
3 +4
2 2
5 + 12
2 2
3 +4 2 2
 5 + 12 
2 2

that is, 14 x − 112 y + 23 = 0 and 64 x + 8 y + 3 = 0

3
Now let's consider the slope of 3 x − 4 y + 1 = 0, that is
4
1
and that of 14 x − 112 y + 23 = 0, that is
8
3 1
−
4
 tan  = 4 8 =  1
3 1 7
1+ 
4 8
 14 x − 112 y + 23 = 0 is acute bisector and 64 x + 8 y + 3 = 0 is obtuse bisector
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Straight Lines

55.

56.