Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Matrices & Determinants

Questions
 x + 3 2 y + x  0 −7 
1. If  =  , then value of x + y + z + a is:
 z − 1 4a − 6   3 2 a 
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 4

 a + b 2  6 2 
2. If  =
ab  5 8 
, find the values of a and b.
 5
(a) a = 2 and b = 2 or a = 1 and b = 1 (b) a = 2 and b = 4 or a = 4 and b = 2
(c) a = 3 and b = −3 or a = −3 and b = 3 (d) a = 0 and b = 1 or a = 0 and b = −1

 cos sin    sin  − cos 

3. cos  +  =?
cos  cos sin  
sin
 − sin  
1 0  1 0   −1 0 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d) None of these
0 1  0 −1  0 1

7 0  3 0
4. Find X and Y , if , X + Y =   and X − Y =  
 2 5 0 3
2 0 5 0  5 0   −2 0 
(a) X =   and Y =   (b) X =   and Y =  
1 1  1 4  1 −4  1 1
5 0  2 0
(c) X =   and Y =   (d) None of these
1 4  1 1 

1 −1 a 1 
5. If A =  ,B =  and ( A + B ) = A2 + B 2 , find a and b.
2
 
 2 −1  b −1
(a) a = −1, b = −4 (b) a = 1, b = −4 (c) a = −1, b = 4 (d) a = 1, b = 4

 0 1 0
6. If A =   and B =   , find the values of  for which A2 = B.
1 1 5 1 
(a) 1 (b) -1 (c) 4 (d) None of these

1 a 
7. If A =   , then A (where n  N ) equals
n

 0 1 
1 na  1 n 2 a  1 na   n na 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
0 1  0 1  0 0  0 n 
 3 1
8. If A =   , then value A2 − 5 A + 8I 2 is:
 −1 2
 3 1  −3 1   3 −1 1 0 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
 −1 2   −1 −2   −1 2  0 1 
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Matrices & Determinants

1 0 a b 
9. If A =   and A2012
=  c d  , then which of the following is Incorrect?
2 1  
(a) a = d (b) a + b + c + d = 4026
(c) a 2 + b2 + d 2 = 2 (d) b = 2012

1 2 3   2 
  
10. Find the value of x for which  −1 x 2 5 1 2  1  = O, where O is zero matrix of order 11.
0 3 1  0 

 2 0 7   − x 14 x 7 x 
11. Find the value of x for which  0 1 0   0 1 0  equals an identity matrix.
 
1 −2 1   x −4 x −2 x 

cos x − sin x 0 
12. If F ( x ) =  sin x cos x 0  , then F ( x ) F ( y ) is equal to
 
 0 0 1 
(a) F ( xy ) (b) F ( x − y ) (c) F ( x + y ) (d) None of these

13. If A is a square matrix such that A2 = I , then ( A − I ) + ( A + I ) − 7 A is equal to

3 3

(a) A (b) I – A (c) I + A (d) 3A

14. If A2 = A, then (I + A)4 is equal to
(a) I + 15A (b) I + 7A (c) I + 15A (d) I + 11A

15. If A and B are two matrices such that AB = B and BA = A, then A2 + B 2 = ?

(a) 2AB (b) 2BA (c) A + B (d) AB
16. A and B are two given matrices such that the order of A is 3  4 , if AB and BA are both defined, then
(a) Order of B  is 3  4 (b) Order of BA is 4  4
(c) Order of BA is 3  3 (d) BA is undefined

0 2 y z 
17. Let A =  x y − z  such that AT A = I . Find the value of x 2 + y 2 + z 2 .
 
 x − y z 

cos  − sin  
18. If A =   , then which of the following values of  satisfies the equation AT + A = I 2
 sin  cos  

  
(a) 2n  ,n Z (b) 2n  ,n Z (c) 2n  ,n Z (d) None of these
3 6 4

0 5 −7 

19. The matrix  −5 0 11  is
 7 −11 0 

(a) A diagonal matrix (b) An upper triangular matrix

(c) A symmetric matrix (d) A skew-symmetric matrix
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Matrices & Determinants

20. If A is symmetric as well as skew symmetric matrix, then –

(a) A is a diagonal matrix (b) A is a null matrix
(c) A is a unit matrix (d) A is a triangular matrix

21. If A,B are symmetric matrices of the same order then show that AB - BA is skew symmetric matrix.

 3 2 3
22. Express the matrix A =  4 5 3 as the sum of a symmetric and a skew-symmetric matrix.
 2 4 5

23. A, B, C are three matrices of the same order such that any two are symmetric and third one is
skew-symmetric. If X = ABC + CBA and Y = ABC - CBA, then (XY)T is
(a) Symmetric (b) skew-symmetric (c) I - XY (d) -YX

 3 a −1  d 3 a 
  
24. Let A =  2 5 c  is symmetric and B = b − a e −2b − c  is skew-symmetric, then find AB.
b 8 2   −2 6 − f 
Also, state whether AB is symmetric or skew symmetric.

25. Let A and B be 3 x 3 matrices of real numbers, where A is symmetric, B is skew symmetric and
( A + B)( A − B) = ( A − B)( A + B) . If ( AB)t = (−1) k AB , where ( AB )t is the transpose of matrix AB,
then the value of k is (multiple correct)
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

26. For 3 x 3 matrices M and N, which of the following statement (s) is (are) not correct ?
(a) NTMN is symmetric or skew-symmetric, according as M is symmetric or skew-symmetric
(b) MN – NM is skew-symmetric for all symmetric matrices M and N
(c) MN is symmetric for all symmetric matrices M and N
(d) None of these

27. If A is idempotent matrix and A + B = I , then B is

(a) Nilpotent matrix (b) Idempotent matrix
(c) Involuntary matrix (d) Orthogonal matrix

1 a 2 
28. If  3 0 1  is a singular matrix, then find the value of a.
 2 1 −1

29. If A is an idempotent matrix then (I + A)n =

(a) I + (2n – 3)A (b) I + (2n – 1)A (c) I + 2nA (d) I + 3A
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Matrices & Determinants

 3 1 
  1 1
30. If P =  2 2 
, A= , Q = PAPT , then PT Q 2015 P is:
 1 3 0 1
− 
 2 2 
0 2015  2015 1   2015 0  1 2015
(a) 
0   0 2015
(c) 
2015
(d) 
1 
(b)
0   1 0

k 1 −2
31. If 3 k 1 = −37 then k equal to:
−2 3 −3
(a) 2 (b) -2 (c) 13/3 (d) None of these
32. If [ ] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to the real number under consideration and
−1  x  0,0  y  1,1  z  2, then minimum value of the following determinant is:
 x + 1  y   z
 =  x  y  + 1  z 
 x  y  z + 1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) 2

cos ( +  ) − sin ( +  ) cos 2

33. The determinant sin  cos sin  is:
− cos sin  cos 

(a) 0 (b) Independent of 

(c) Independent of  (d) Independent of  and  both

3 −4
34. If A =   , then det ( A2005 ) is equal to _____.
1 −1
 3 −2 
35. If A =   , then the value of −3 A + A
2019 2020
is equal to
 7 −5 
(a) -14 (b) 28 (c) 14 (d) 22019.14
 2 −1
36. Let I be an identity matrix of order 2 x 2 and P =   . Then the value of n  N for which
5 −3
P n = 5I − 8P is equal to ________.
37. Let P and Q be 3 x 3 matrices, P ≠ Q. If P3 = Q3 and P2Q = Q2P, then determinant of (P2 + Q2)
is equal to:
(a) -2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) -1
38. Find the maximum & minimum value of a determinant of order 3 whose elements belong to {1, 2, 3}.
39. The minimum value of a determinant of order 3 whose elements belong to {0, 1, 2, 3} is:
(a) 54 (b) 27 (c) -27 (d) -54
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Matrices & Determinants

a11 + b11 a1 2 + b1 2 a1 3 + b13

40. Prove that : a21 + b2 1 a2 2 + b2  2 a2 2 + b2  2 = 0
a31 + b3 1 a3 2 + b3  2 a3 2 + b3  2

cos( A − P) cos( A − Q) cos( A − R)

41. Prove that : cos( B − P) cos( B − Q) cos( B − R) = 0
cos(C − P) cos(C − Q) cos(C − r )

42. If  ,  ,  are real numbers, then without expanding at any stage prove that :

1 cos(  −  ) cos( −  )
cos( −  ) 1 cos( −  ) = 0
cos( −  ) cos(  −  ) 1

x −1 5x 7
43. If x − 1 x − 1 8 = ax3 + bx 2 + cx + d , then find ( c + d .)
2

2x 3x 0

cos( +  ) − sin( +  ) cos 2

44. The determinant sin  cos  sin  is independent of
− cos  sin  cos 
(a)  (b)  (c)  (d) None of these

a b c
45. If a, b, c are distinct positive real numbers such that 1 = b c a and
c a b
bc − a 2 ac − b 2 ab − c 2
 2 = ac − b 2 ab − c 2 bc − a 2 , then
ab − c 2 bc − a 2 ac − b 2
(a) 1 =  2 (b) 12 +  2 = 0 (c) 12 = 2 (d) 12 = 22

1 3 −2 
 
46. Cofactors of 2nd row elements of the matrix A = a ij  =  4 −5 6  are,
 3 5 2 

(a) 16, 8 ,4 (b) -16, -8, 4 (c) -16, 8, 4 (d) None of these

 2 −3
47. If A =   then adj(3A2 + 12A) is equal to
 −4 1 
 72 −84   51 63  51 84   72 −63
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
 −63 51  84 72  63 72  −84 51 
48. If |A| = 2 where A is a square matrix of order 3 then (adjA)  adj (adjA) =

(a) 23 (b) 22 (c) 26 (d) 29

Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Matrices & Determinants

49. If A is order 3 square matrix such that |A| = 2, then |adj(adj(adj A))| is

(a) 512 (b) 256 (c) 64 (d) None of these

50. If A is square matrix of order 3, then |Adj(Adj A2)| =

(a) |A|2 (b) |A|4 (c) |A|8 (d) |A|16

51. Suppose I + A is non-singular, Let B = (I + A)-1 and C = I - A, then

(a) BC = CB (b) BC = O (c) BC = I (d) None of these

 2 3
52. Let a matrix A =   and it satisfy the equation A2 − 4 A + I = 0 , then A−1 will be
1 2 
 2 −3  −3 2   −1 2   −2 3 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
 −1 2   2 −1  2 −3  1 −2 

53. For non-singular square matrix A, B and C of the same order ( AB −1C ) =
−1

(a) A−1 BC −1 (b) C −1 B −1 A−1 (c) CBA−1 (d) C −1 BA−1

1 4
54. If A is non-singular and (A - 2I) (A - 4I) = 0, then A + A−1 is equal to
6 3
(a) O (b) I (c) 2I (d) 6I

 2 1   −3 2  1 0
55. Find the matrix A satisfying the matrix equation:   A = .
 3 2  5 −3 0 1 
56. The system of linear equations x + y + z = 2 ; 2 x + y − z = 3 ; 3x + 2 y + kz = 4 has a unique
solution, if
(a) k  0 (b) −1  k  1 (c) −2  k  2 (d) k = 0

57. The system of equations kx + y + z = 1 ; x + ky + z = k ; x + y + kz = k 2 have no solution, if k equals

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) -2

58. Solve the following system of homogeneous equations: 3x - 4y + 5z = 0 ; x + y - 2z = 0 ; 2x + 3y + z = 4

59. The value of λ, for which the homogeneous system of equations 2x + 3y - 2z = 0, 2x - y + 3z = 0,

7x + λy - z = 0 has infinitely many solutions:
52 52 57 57
(a) − (b) (c) (d) −
7 7 10 10
60. For real numbers ⍺ and β, consider the following system of linear equations: x + y - z = 2,
x + 2y + ⍺z = 1, 2x - y + z = β. If the system has infinite solutions, then ⍺ + β is equal to
(a) 0 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 4
61. Find the area of the triangle (in sq. units) with vertices at the point given in each of the
following: (–2, –3), (3, 2), (–1, –8).
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Matrices & Determinants

62. If the points ( 2, −3)(  , −1) and ( 0, 4 ) are collinear, then the value of  is:

7 10
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d) None of these
10 7

2 1 
63. Using Cayley’s Hamilton Theorem find A6 if A =  .
5 −2
1 0 0 
64. If A = 0 1 1  , then A3 − 6 A2 + 11A = ____
 
0 −2 4 

1 5 
65. If A =   , A−1 =  A +  I and  +  = −2 , then 4 2 +  2 +  2 is equal to
 10
(a) 12 (b) 10 (c) 19 (d) 14
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Matrices & Determinants

Answer Key
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (c)
5. (d) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (d)

2 1
9. (d) 10. − 11. 12. (c)
11 5
13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (c) 16. (b)
17. (1) 18. (a) 19. (d) 20. (b)

 −4 3 −6 
23. (d) 24. AB =  −31 54 −26  , Neither symmetric nor skew-symmetric
 
 −28 9 −50 
25. (b, d) 26. (c) 27. (b) 28. 1
29. (b) 30. (d) 31. (a) 32. (b)
33. (b) 34. 1 35. (a) 36. 6
37. (c) 38. Max = 28, Min = -28 39. (d) 43. 17
44. (a) 45. (c) 46. (c) 47. (b)
48. (c) 49. (b) 50. (c) 51. (a)

1 1 
52. (a) 53. (d) 54. (b) 55.  
1 0 

56. (a) 57. (d) 58. x = y = z = 0 59. (c)

729 0 
60. (c) 61. 15 sq. units 62. (c) 63.  
 0 729 
64. 6I 65. (d)
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Matrices & Determinants

Solutions
1.
 x + 3 2 y + x  0 −7 
Given:  = 
 z − 1 4a − 6   3 2 a 
 x + 3 = 0, 2 y + x = −7
and z − 1 = 3, 4a − 6 = 2a
 x = −3, z = 4, y = −0, a = 3
So, x + y + z + a = −3 + 4 − 2 + 3 = 2
2.

3.
 cos sin    sin  − cos 
cos   + sin   
 − sin  cos  cos sin  
 cos 2  sin  cos   sin 2  − sin  cos 
=  +  
 − sin  cos cos 2   sin  cos sin 2  
 cos 2  + sin 2  sin  cos − sin  cos   1 0 
= = 
 − sin  cos + sin  cos cos 2  + sin 2   0 1 

4.
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Matrices & Determinants

5.

6.

7.
1 a 
A= 
0 1 
 1 a   1 a   1 2a 
A2 = A  A =   = 
0 1  0 1  0 1 
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Matrices & Determinants

1 2a  1 a  1 3a 
A3 = A2 A =   = 
0 1  0 1  0 1 
1 na 
An =   , n  R
0 1 

8.
 3 1
We have, A =  
 −1 2
 3 1   3 1   9 − 1 3 + 2   8 5
 A2 =   = = 
 −1 2  −1 2  −3 − 2 −1 + 4  −5 3
15 5 
5A =  
 −5 10 
1 0  8 0 
8I 2 = 8  = 
0 1  0 8 
 8 5 15 5  8 0 
 A2 − 5 A + 8 I 2 =  − + 
 −5 3  −5 10  0 8 
 8 − 15 + 8 5 − 5 + 0 
= 
 −5 + 5 + 0 3 − 10 + 8
1 0 
= 
0 1 
9.
1 0  1 0  1 0 
A2 =   =
2 1 2 1   4 1 
1 0
Hence, An = 
 2n 1 

10.
1 2 3   2 
  
Given,  −1 x 2 5 1 2  1  = 0
0 3 1   0 
2
  −1 + 5 x + 0 −2 + x + 6 −3 + 2 x + 2 1  = 0
0 
2
 5 x − 1 x + 4 2 x − 1 1  = 0
 0 
  2 ( 5 x − 1) + x + 4 + 0  =  0
 10 x − 2 + x + 4 + 0 = 0
2
x = −
11
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Matrices & Determinants

11.
 2 0 7   − x 14 x 7 x 
0 1 0  0 1 0 
 
1 −2 1   x −4 x −2 x 
5 x 0 0  1 0 0 
=  0 1 0  = 0 1 0  [Given]
 0 10 x − 2 5 x  0 0 1 
 5 x = 1, 10 x − 2 = 0
1
 x=
5
12.
cos x − sin x 0  cos y − sin y 0
 
F ( x ) =  sin x cos x 0  , F ( y ) =  sin y cos y 0 
 0 0 1   0 0 1 
cos x − sin x 0  cos y − sin y 0 
F ( x ) F ( y ) =  sin x cos x 0   sin y cos y 0 
 0 0 1   0 0 1 
 cos x cos y − sin x sin y + 0 − cos x sin y − sin x cos y + 0 0 
= sin x cos y + cos x sin y + 0 − sin x sin y + cos x cos y + 0 0 
 0 0 0 
cos ( x + y ) − sin ( x + y ) 0 
 
=  sin ( x + y ) cos ( x + y ) 0 
 0 0 1 
= F( x + y)

13.
( A − I )3 + ( A + I )3 − 7 A
= A3 − I 3 − 3 A2 I + 3 AI 2 + A3 + I 3 + 3 A2 I + 3 AI 2 − 7 A
= 2 A. A2 − 3I .I + 3 A + 3I .I + 3 A − 7 A
= 2 A − 3I + 3 A + 3I + 3 A − 7 A
=A

14.
As A and I commute, we can apply Binomial theorem to expand (I + A) 4
( I + A) 4 = I + 4 A + 6 A2 + 4 A3 + A4
Since A2 = A
Thus, A3 = A2 = A, A4 = A3 = A
 ( I + A) 4 = I + 4 A + 6 A + 4 A + A
= I + 15 A
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Matrices & Determinants

15.
We have AB=B and BA = A, therefore
A2 + B 2
= AA + BB
= A ( BA ) + B ( AB )
= ( AB ) A + ( BA ) B
= BA + AB
= A+ B ( AB = B and BA = A )

16.
Order of A = 3  4
 Order of A = 4  3
As AB is defined
 let order of B = 3  n
Now, BA = B3 n A43
n=4
 Order of B is 3  4
 Order of B = 4  3
And order of BA = 4  4

17.
0 x x

AT =  2 y y − y 
 z − z z 
0 x x  0 2 y z  2 x2 0 0 
 
 A A =  2 y
T
y − y   x y − z  =  0 6 y2 0 
 z − z z   x − y z   0 0 3z 2 
A A =1
T

1
 2 x2 = 1  x2 =
2
1
3z 2 = 1  z 2 =
3
1
And 6 y 2 = 1  y 2 =
6
1 1 1
 x2 + y 2 + z 2 = + + =1
2 3 6
18.
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Matrices & Determinants

19.

20.
Since AT = A (Symmetric)
& AT = - A (Skew Symmetric)
Only possible if A is null matrix

21.
It is given that A and B are symmetric matrices.
Thus, A’ = A and B′ = B .......... (1)
Now, (AB − BA)′ = (AB)′ − (BA)′ [∵ (A − B)′ = A′ − B′]
= B′A′ − A′B′ [∵ (AB)′ = B′A′]
= BA − AB [using (1) ]
= −(AB − BA)
Thus, (AB − BA) is a skew-symmetric matrix.
22.
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Matrices & Determinants

23.
(XY)T = YT XT
YT = (ABC - CBA)T
= CT BT AT - AT BT CT
= - CBA + ABC = Y
X = (ABC + CBA)T
T

= CT BT AT + AT BT CT
= -CBA - ABC = - X

24.

25.
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Matrices & Determinants

26.

27.

28.

29.
Given, A is idempotent matrix
Therefore, An = A
(I + A)n = nC0 + nC1 A + nC2 A2 + . . . + nCn An
= n C0 I + n C1 A + n C2 A + . . . + n Cn A
= I + A(nC1 + nC2 + . . . + nCn)
= I + A(2n – 1)
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Matrices & Determinants

30.
 3 1   3 1
   − 
2 2  2 2
P=  PT = 
 1 3  1 3
−   
 2 2   2 2 
As PP = P P = I
T T

Given, Q = PAPT
 PT Q = PT PAPT
 PT Q = IAPT = APT [as PT P = I ]
Now, PT Q 2015 P = PT Q.Q 2014 . P = APT .Q.Q 2013 .P = .... = A2014 .PT QP
 PT Q 2015 P = A2014 . APT P = A2015
1 0 
As A =  
0 1 
1 2   1 3
 A2 =   and A 3 =  
0 1   0 1
1 2015
Similarly, A 2015 = 
0 1 
31.

32.
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Matrices & Determinants

33.
cos ( +  ) − sin ( +  ) cos 2
Let  = sin  cos sin 
− cos sin  cos 
Expanding along R1 , we get
 = cos ( +  )cos cos  − sin  sin   + sin ( +  )sin  cos  + cos sin   + cos 2 sin 2  + cos 2  
= cos ( +  )cos ( +  ) + sin ( +  )sin ( +  ) + cos 2
= cos 2 ( +  ) + sin 2 ( +  ) + cos 2
= 1 + cos 2
34.
3 −4 
A=
1 −1
3 −4  3 −4   5 −8
A2 =  =
1 −1 1 −1  2 −3
5 −8 3 −4  7 −12 
A3 = A2 A =  =
2 −3 1 −1  3 −5 
Observing A, A2 , A3 we can conclude that
1 + 2n −4n 
An = 
 n 1 − 2n 
1 + 2n −4n
det ( An ) =
n 1 − 2n
 det ( An ) = 1 − 4n 2 + 4n 2 = 1
 det ( A2005 ) = 1

35.
A = −15 + 14 = −1
A2019 (−3I + A) = A A − 3I
2019

0 −2
= −1 = (−1)(14) = −14
7 8
36.
 2 −1
P= 
 5 −3
2− −1
=0
5 −3 − 
 2 +  −1 = 0
 P2 + P − I = 0
 P2 = I − P
 P 4 = I + P 2 − 2 P = 2 I − 3P
Now, P 4 .P 2 = (2 I − 3P)( I − P) = 2 I − 5 P + 3P 2
 P 6 = 5I − 8P
So, n = 6
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Matrices & Determinants

37.
P 3 = Q 3 ...(1)
P 2 Q = Q 2 P ....(2)
Subtracting (2) from (1) we get
P3 − P 2 Q = Q3 − Q 2 P
 P 2 ( P − Q) + Q 2 ( P − Q) = O
 ( P 2 + Q 2 )( P − Q) = O
| P 2 + Q 2 |= 0 [as P  Q]

38.
Given that elements of determinant belong to {1, 2, 3}.
For maximum value, Diagonal elements = min{1, 2, 3} = 1
Non-diagonal elements = max{1, 2, 3} = 3
1 3 3
So, maximum value = 3 1 3
3 3 1
Expanding along R1

Minimum value of determinant = -28

39.
Given that elements of determinant belong to {0, 1, 2, 3}.
For maximum value, Diagonal elements = min{0, 1, 2, 3} = 0
Non-diagonal elements = max{0, 1, 2, 3} = 3
0 3 3
So, maximum value = 3 0 3 = 0 – 3 (0 – 9) + 3 (9 – 0)
3 3 0

Minimum value of determinant = -54

40.
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Matrices & Determinants

41.

42.

43.
Put x = 0
−1 0 7
−1 −1 8 = d
0 0 0
d =0
For c , differentiate both sides w.r.t x (columnwise)
1 5x 7 x −1 5 7
2x x − 1 8 + x 2 − 1 1 8 = 3a 2 + 2bx + c
2 3x 0 2x 3 0
Now, put x = 0
1 0 7 −1 5 7
 c = 0 −1 8 + −1 1 8 = 14 + 3 = 17
2 0 0 0 3 0
44.
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Matrices & Determinants

45.
Elements of Δ2 are cofactors of the elements of Δ1
Hence Δ12 = Δ2
46.

47.
 2 −3  2 −3  16 −9 
A2 =    = 
 −4 1   −4 1   −12 13 
 48 −27   24 −36   72 −63
3 A2 + 12 A =  + =
 −36 39   −48 12   −84 51 
 51 63
adj (3 A2 + 12 A) =  
84 72 
48.

49.

50.

51.
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Matrices & Determinants

52.
A2 − 4 A + I = 0
 A−1 ( A2 ) − 4 A−1 A + A−1 I = 0
 A = 4 I − A−1
 A−1 = 4 I − A
1 0 2 3
 A−1 = 4  −
0 1  1 2 
4 0 2 3
 A−1 =  −
0 4  1 2 
2 −3 
 A−1 = 
 −1 2 
53.
( AB −1C ) −1 = C −1 ( B −1 ) −1 A−1 = C −1BA−1

54.
We have, ( A − 2 I )( A − 4 I ) = 0
 A2 − 2 A − 4 A + 8 I = 0
 A2 − 6 A + 8 I = 0
 A−1 ( A2 − 6 A + 8I ) = A−1 0
 A − 6 I + 8 A−1 = 0
 A + 8 A−1 = 6 I
1 4
 A + A−1 = I
6 3
55.
 2 1   −3 2  1 0 
We have,   A = 
 3 2   5 −3 0 1 
2 1  −3 2 
or PAQ = I, where P =   and Q =  5 −3
 3 2  
−1 −1
 P PAQ = P I
 IAQ = P −1
 AQ = P −1
 AQQ −1 = P −1Q −1
 AI = P −1Q −1
 A = P −1Q −1
 2 −1
Now adj. P =   and P = 1
 −3 2 
 2 −1
 P −1 =  
 −3 2 
 −3 −2
Also adj. Q =   and Q = −1
 −5 −3
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Matrices & Determinants

3 2 
 Q −1 =  
5 3 
 A = P −1Q −1
 2 −1 3 2 
=  
 −3 2   5 3 
 6−5 4 − 3  1 1 
= = 
 −9 + 10 −6 + 6  1 0 
56.
1 1 1
 = 2 1 −1  0
3 2 k
 1( k + 2 ) − 1( 2k + 3) + 1( 4 − 3 )  0
 k + 2 − 2k − 3 + 1  0
 −k  0
k  0
57.
k 1 1
= 1 k 1
1 1 k
= k ( k 2 − 1) − 1( k − 1) + 1(1 − k )
= k3 − k − k +1+1− k
= k 3 − 3k + 2
= ( k − 1) ( k + 2 )
2

1 1 1
1 = k k 1
2
k 1 k
= 1( k 2 − 1) − 1( k 2 − k 2 ) + 1( k − k 3 )
= k2 −1− 0 + k − k3
= −k 3 + k 2 + k − 1
= k 2 ( −k + 1) − 1( −k + 1)
= ( k 2 − 1) ( −k + 1)
For k = −2,  = 0 and 1  0.
So, for k = −2 given system of linear equation have no solution.
58.
For the givenn system of equations
3 −4 5
D= 1 1 −2 = 3 (1 + 6 ) − ( −4 )(1 + 4 ) + 5 ( 3 − 2 )
2 3 1
= 3 ( 7 ) + 4 ( 5 ) + 5 (1) = 21 + 20 + 5 = 46  0
So, the given system of equations has only the trivial solution i.e., x = y = z = 0
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Matrices & Determinants

59.
The given system of equations will have non-trivial solution, if D = 0
2 3 −2
 2 −1 3 =0
7  −1
Expanding along R 3
 7 ( 9 − 2 ) −  ( 6 + 4 ) − 1( −2 − 6 ) = 0
 7 ( 7 ) −  (10 ) − 1( −8 ) = 0
 49 − 10 + 8 = 0
57
 10 = 57   =
10
57
Hence, the given system of equations will have non-trivial solutions, if  =
10
60.
For infinite solutions
 = 1 =  2 =  3 = 0
1 1 −1
= 1 2  =0
2 −1 1
3 0 0
= 1 2  =0
2 −1 1
 = 3( 2 +  ) = 0
  = −2
1 2 −1
2 = 1 1 −2 = 0
2  1
1(1 + 2  ) − 2 (1 + 4 ) − (  − 2 ) = 0
 −7 =0
 =7
 +  = 5

61.
The area of the triangle with vertices (–2, –3), (3, 2), (–1, –8) is given by
−2 −3 1
1
 = 3 2 1 =  −2 ( 2 + 8) + 3 ( 3 + 1) + 1( −24 + 2 )
1
2 2
−1 −8 1
1
=  −2 (10 ) + 3 ( 4 ) + 1( −22 )
2
1 30
=  −20 + 12 − 22 = − = −15
2 2
Hence, the area of the triangle is |-15| = 15 square units.
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Matrices & Determinants

62.
If the given points are collinear, then
2 −3 1
 −1 1 = 0
0 4 1
 2 ( −1 − 4 ) + 3 (  − 0 ) + 1( 4 − 0 ) = 0
 −10 + 3 + 4 = 0
 7 = 10
10
 =
7
63.
We know that the characteristic equation of A is:
A − I = 0
2 1  1 0 
 5 −2  −  0 1  = 0
   
2− 1
=0
5 −2 − 
( 2 −  )( −2 −  ) − 5 = 0
−4 − 2  + 2  +  2 − 5 = 0
 2 − 9 = 0
 2 = 9
Replace  with A
A2 = 9I
Taking cube on both sides of the above equation
( A ) = (9I )
2 3 3

A6 = 729 I [ I3 = I]
1 0
A6 = 729 
0 1 
729 0 
A6 = 
 0 729 

64.
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Matrices & Determinants

65.
Unacademy Nexus Crash Course Matrices & Determinants