1 SETS

SOLVED EXAMPLES

1. If A = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} and B = {3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13} Sol. (i) A∪B = {x: x∈A or x∈B}= {a, b, c, d}
then find A – B and B – A. A∩B = {x: x∈A and x∈B}= {b, c}
Sol. A – B = {2, 4, 6} & B – A = {9, 11, 13) A – B = {x: x∈A and x∈B}= {a}
B – A = {x: x∈B and x∈B}= {d}
2. If a set A = {a, b, c} then find the number of
subsets of the set A and also mention the set of (ii) A×B = {(x, y): x∈A and y∈B}
all the subsets of A. = {(a, b), (a, c), (a, d), (b, b), (b, c), (b, d),
(c, b),
Sol. Since n(A) = 3 (c, c), (c, d)}
∴ number of subsets of A is 23 = 8 B×A = {(x, y):x∈B and y∈A}
and set of all those subsets is P(A) named as = {(b, a), (b, b), (b, c),(c, a), (c, b), (c, c),(d,
power set a), (d, b), (d, c)}
P(A): {φ,{a},{b},{c},{a,b},{b,c},{a,c},{a,b,c}}
Note that A×B≠B×A.
3. In a group of 1000 people, there are 750 who
5. A survey shows that 63% of the Americans like
can speak Hindi and 400 who can speak Bengali.
cheese whereas 76% like apples. If x% of the
How many can speak Hindi only? How many can
Americans like both cheese and apples, find the
speak Bengali? How many can speak both Hindi
value of x.
and Bengali?
Sol. Total number of people = 1000 Sol. Let A denote the set of Americans who like cheese
n (H) = 750 and let B denote those who like apples. Let the
n (B) = 400 population of America be 100. Then,
n (H∪B) = n (H) + n (B) – n (H∩B) n(A)= 63, n(B)= 76
n (H∩B) = 750 + 400 – 1000 Now, n(A∪B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A∩B)
= 150 speaking Hindi and Bengali both. ⇒ n(A∪B) = 63+76 – n(A∩B)
People speaking only Hindi = n (H) – n (H∩B) ⇒ n (A∩B) = 139 – n(A∪B)
= 750 – 150 = 600 But n(A∪B) ≤ 100 ⇒ n (A∩B) ≥ 39 …(i)
People speaking only Bengali = n (B) – n (H∩B) Now, A∩B⊆A and A∩B⊆B
= 400 – 150 = 250. ⇒ n (A∩B) ≤n (A) and n (A∩B) ≤n (B)
4. If A ={a, b, c} and B = {b, c, d} then evaluate ⇒ n (A∩B) ≤ 63 …(ii)
(i) A∪B, A∩B, A– B and B – A From (i) and (ii), we have 39 ≤n (A∩B) ≤ 63 ⇒
39 ≤x≤ 63.
(ii) A×B and B×A
 6. If n(A) = 7, n(B) = 9 and n(A∪B) = 12 and p 9. If A and B are two sets such that A = {1, 2, x},B
=n(A∩B), q = n(A × B), r = n((A × B) ∩ (B ×A)) = {3, 4, y} and {1, 3} × {2, 4} ⊆A × B, then the
then the value of p + q + r is value of x + y is equal to
(a) 63 (b) 73 (c) 83 (d) 32 Sol. {1, 3} × {2, 4} ⊆ A × B
⇒ {(1, 2), (1, 4), (3, 2), (3, 4)} ⊆ {(1, 3), (1, 4),
Sol. n( A) + n( B) = n( A ∪ B) + n( A ∩ B) (1, y), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, y), (x, 3), (x, 4), (x, y)}
⇒ n( A ∩ B) = 7 + 9 − 12 ⇒ y = 2, x = 3
10. A class has 175 students. The following table
4
⇒ p=
shows the number of students studying one or
and q = n( A × B ) = n( A) × n( B) more of the following subjects.
q = 7 × 9 = 63 Subjects No. of students
Mathematics 100
r= n(( A × B) ∩ ( B × A))
Physics 70
r = n( A ∩ B) × n( B ∩ A)
Chemistry 46
r = 4 × 4 = 16 Mathematics and Physics 30
p + q + r = 4 + 63 + 16 = 83 Mathematics and 28
7. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4}. Which of the following is an Chemistry
equivalence relation on A? Physics and Chemistry 23
(a) {(1, 1), (2, 2), (1, 2), (2, 1)} Mathematics, Physics 18
(b) {(1, 2), (2, 1), (3, 1), (1, 3)} and Chemistry
(c) {(1, 2), (4, 1), (1, 4), (3, 1)} How many students are enrolled in Mathematics
(d) {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (1, 2), (2, 1)} alone, Physics alone and Chemistry alone? Are
there students who have not offered any one of
Sol. Option (A), (B), (C) are not equivalence relation. these subjects?
In option (D),
Sol. Let P, C, M denote the sets of students studying
(a, a) ∈ R for all a ∈ A Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics respectively.
Hence, it is reflexive Let a, b, c, d, e, f, g denote the number of elements
(1, 2) ∈ R and (2, 1) ∈ R (students) contained in the bounded region as
Hence, it is symmetric shown in the diagram then
a + d + e + g= 70
(1, 2) ∈ R,(2, 1) ∈ R and (1, 1) ∈ R c + d + f + g = 100
Hence, it is transitive.
b + e + f + g = 46
Hence, it is an equivalence relation.
d + g = 30
8. Consider the set A = {3, 4, 5} and the numbers e + g = 23
of null relations, identity relation, universal
f + g = 28
relations, reflexive relations on A are respectively
n1, n2, n3 and n4 then the value of n1 + n2 + n3 + n4 g = 18
is equal to U
P
(a) 8 (b) 7 (c) 73 (d) 67 a
Sol. Number of null relation n1 = 1 e g d
Number of identity relation n2 = 1 b c
Number of universal relation n3 = 1 C f M
2
Number of reflexive relation n4 = 23 −=
3 6
2= 64
n1 + n2 + n3 + n4 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 64 = 67

2 JEE-Advanced Brahmastra PW
 after solving we get g = 18, f = 10, e = 5, d = 12, Number of students studying Mathematics only,
a = 35, b = 13 and c = 60 c = 60
∴ a + b + c + d + e + f + g = 153 Number of students studying Physics only, a = 35
So, the number of students who have not offered Number of students studying Chemistry only, b
any of these three subjects = 13.
= 175 –153 = 22

EXERCISE

SINGLE CORRECT TYPE (a) contains exactly four elements

QUESTIONS (01 TO11) (b) is an empty set
1. In a sports event of 100 sportspersons, there (c) contains exactly one element
are 27 Indian Men and 30 Indian Women out of (d) contains exactly two elements
which 5 are wrestler and 30 are either Indian Men 5. Let A be a set containing 32 elements. Let xk
or wrestler. It is given that no foreign player is
wrestler, then denote the number of ‘k’ elements sub-sets of A.
8
(a) No. of foreign players are 40 Then ∑ (x
i=0
4i ) =
(b) No. of female wrestlers are 2
(c) No. of male wrestlers are 3 (a) 230 + 28 (b) 229 + 28
(d) No. of female or wrestlers are 32 (c) 215 (215 + 1) (d) 214 (216 + 1)
2. Let A = {θ : sin (θ) = tan (θ)} and B= {θ: cos (θ) 6. If A and B be two sets such that n(A) =15,
=1} be two sets. Then, n(B)=25, then number of possible values of
(a) A = B n(A∆B) (symmetric difference of A and B) is
(a) 30 (b) 16 (c) 26 (d) 40
(b) A ⊆ B
7. If A = {1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17}, B = {2,4,……,18}
(c) B ⊆ A and N the set of natural numbers is the universal
set, then A′∪ ((A∪B)∩B′) is
(d) A ⊂ B and B − A ⊂ φ
(a) φ (b) N (c) A (d) B
3. If S is a set of p(x) which is a polynomial of degree
≤ 2 such that p(0) =0, p(1)=1, p′(x)>0∀ x ∈(0,1), 8. If P = {x : x < 3, x ∈ N } and Q = {x : x ≤ 2, x ∈W }
then , where W is the set of whole numbers then the set
(a) S = 0 ( P ∪ Q) × ( P ∩ Q) is
(b) S = ax + (1 – a) x ∀a ∈ (0,∞)
2
(a) {(0,0), (0,1), (0,2), (1,0), (1,1), (1,2), (2,0)}

(c) S = ax + (1 − a ) x 2 ∀a ∈ R (b) {(0,1), (0,2), (1,1), (1,2), (2,1), (2,2)}

(c) {(1,0), (1,1), (1,2), (2,0), (2,1), (2,2)}
(d) S = ax + (1 − a ) x 2 ∀ a ∈ (0, 2)
(d) {(1,1), (1,2), (2,1), (2,2)}
4. Let S = {x ∈ R : x ≥ 0 and 9. A = {x|x is a root of (x –4) (x + 2)=0}, B is set of
2| x – 3| + x ( x − 6) +6 =0}. Then S zeroes of the polynomial 2x –8, then A –B =
(a) {4,–2} (b) {–4,2} (c) {–2} (d) {4}

Sets 3
 10. If A and B have some elements in common, then 16. If U = {a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j}
n (A∪B) is P = {a,b,c,e}
(a) = n (A) + n(B) (b)> n (A) + n(B) Q = {b,c,d,f} and R= {c,f,h,i,j}
Then,
(c) < n(A) + n(B) (d)≥ n(A) + n(B)
(a) No. of elements in the set (P∩Q)′ ∪R = 9
11. If A ∩ B =φ , then A∆B = (b) ((P∩Q)′ ∪R) ′ ={c}
(a) A ∩ B (b) A ∪ B (c) A – B (d) B – A (c) (P∩Q) ∩R ′ ={b}
(d) n(R′) =5
MULTIPLE CORRECT TYPE QUESTIONS
(12 TO 19) 17. In a combined test in Maths and Chemistry 84%
candidates passed in Maths; 76% in Chemistry
 1  and 8% failed in both. If 340 candidates passed
12. =
If Q =x:x , where y ∈ N  , then in the test, then
 y 
(a) number of students who appeared in the test
2 = 400
(a) 0 ∈ Q (b) 1 ∈ Q (c) 2 ∈ Q (d) ∉Q
3 (b) number of students who appeared in the test
13. In which of the following cases is the set A a =500
subset of set B? (c) percentage of students failing either of the
(a) Set A: whole numbers less than 8 two subjects =32%
set B: whole numbers less than 10 (d) percentage of students failing either of the
(b) Set A: prime numbers two subjects = 34%
Set B: odd numbers 18. In a town of 10,000 families it was found that 40%
(c) Set A: numbers divisible by 6 families buy newspaper A, 20% buy newspaper
Set B: numbers divisible by 3 B and 10% buy newspaper C, 5% families buy A
and B, 3% buy B and C and 4% buy A and C. If
(d) Set A: set of letters in the word ‘FLAT 2% families buy all three newspapers, then
Set B: set of letters in the word ‘PLATE’
(a) Number of families buying neither of A,B,C
14. Let A, B, C be finite sets. Suppose that n(A) = 10, = 4000
n(B) =15, n(C) = 20, n(A∩B)=8 and n(B∩C)=9. (b) Number of families buying exactly 2 of the
Then the possible value of n(A∪B∪C) is three newspapers = 600
(a) 26 (b) 27 (c) Number of families buying exactly one of
(c) 28 (d) none of these the three newspapers = 5200
15. In a certain group of 75 students, 16 students (d) Number of families buying at most one
newspaper = 9200
are taking physics, geography and English; 24
students are taking physics and geography, 30 19. If Y∪{1,2} = {1,2,3,5,9}, then
students are taking physics and English; and (a) The smallest set of Y is {3,5,9}
22 students are taking geography and English. (b) The smallest set of Y is {2,3,5,9}
However, 7 students are taking only physics, 10
(c) The largest set of Y is{1,2,3,5,9}
students are taking only geography and 5 students
are taking only English. Then, (d) The largest set of Y is {2,3,4,9}
(a) Number of students taking Physics = 45 NUMERICAL TYPE QUESTIONS
(b) Number of students taking at least one of the (20 TO 28)
three subjects = 66
PART-I: DECIMAL TYPE QUESTIONS
(c) Number of students taking neither of the
three subjects = 9 (20 TO 24)
(d) Number of students taking at most 2 of these 20. In a pollution study of 1500 Indian rivers the
subjects = 44 following data were reported. 520 were polluted

4 JEE-Advanced Brahmastra PW
 by sulphur compounds, 335 were polluted by 27. There are 19 hockey players in a club. On a
phosphates, 425 were polluted by crude oil, particular day, 14 were wearing the prescribed
100 were polluted by both crude oil and sulphur hockey shirts, while 11 were wearing the
compounds, 180 were polluted by both sulphur prescribed hockey pants. None of them were
compound and phosphates, 150 were polluted without hockey pant or hockey shirt. How many
by both phosphates and crude oil and 28 were of them were in complete hockey uniform?
polluted by sulphur compounds, phosphates and
crude oil. Let “N” be the number of the rivers 28. In an examination, 34% of the candidates fail in
that were polluted by exactly one of the three Arithmetic and 42% in English. If 20% fail in
impurities. Then the sum of digits of ‘N’ is Arithmetic and English, then percentage of those
passing in both subjects is
21. Suppose A1, A2,... A30 are thirty sets each having 5
elements and B1, B2,….., Bn are n sets each with 3 COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS
30 n
(29 TO 32)
elements, let 
= Ai =
B j S and each element
=i 1 =j 1
Comprehension-1
of S belongs to exactly 10 of the Ai’s and exactly A survey was carried out to find out the types of
shampoo that a group of 150 women have tried.
9 of the Bj’s . Then n is equal to It was found that 84 women have used brand A
22. An investigator inverviewed 100 students to shampoo, 93 have used brand B, and 69 have used
determine their preferences for the three drinks: brand C of these women, 45 have tried brands A
milk (M), coffee (C) and tea (T). He reported the and B, 25 have tried brands A and C and 40 have
following: 10 students had all the three drinks M, tried brand B and C.
C,T; 20 had M and C only; 30 had C and T; 25 29. Determine the number of women who have tried
had M and T; 12 had M only; 5 had C only; 8 had only brand A.
T only. Then how many did not take any of the
three drinks? (a) 30 (b) 31

23. Given n(U)= 20, n(A) = 12, n(B) =9, n(A∩B)=4 (c) 26 (d) 28
where U is the universal set, A and B are subset 30. Determine the number of women who have tried
of U, then the value of n((A∪B)C) is brand A but not brand B.
24. If P and Q are two sets having 5 elements in com- (a) 41 (b) 39 (c) 9 (d) 26
mon, then how many elements do P × Q and Q×P
have in common? Comprehension-2
PART-II: INTEGER TYPE QUESTIONS In a certain group of 36 people, 18 are wearing
hats and 24 are wearing sweaters. Six people are
(25 TO 28)
wearing neither a hat nor a sweater.
25. All the students of a batch opted Psychology, 31. How many people are wearing both a hat and a
Business, or both, 73% of the students opted sweater?
psychology and 62% opted Business. If there are
220 students, how many of them opted for both (a) 18 (b) 15 (c) 12 (d) 11
Psychology and Business? 32. Number of people wearing either hat or sweater
26. In an examination 80% passed in English, 85% in but not both is
Maths, 75% in both and 40 students failed in both (a) 15 (b) 18 (c) 11 (d) 12
subjects. Then the number students who appeared
is

Sets 5
 ANSWER KEY

1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (c)

11. (b) 12. (b,d) 13. (a,c) 14. (a,b,c) 15. (a,b,c) 16. (a,c,d) 17. (b,c) 18. (a,b,c,d)

19. (a,c) 20. (9.00) 21. (45.00) 22. (20.00) 23. (3.00) 24. (25.00) 25. (77) 26. (400) 27. (6) 28. (44)

29. (d) 30. (b) 31. (c) 32. (b)

6 JEE-Advanced Brahmastra PW