12 Vectors and

3-D Geometry

SOLVED EXAMPLES

    ⇒ 4 cos2 θ – 4 cos θ (2 cos θ) + 4 = 1

1. For any vector a , u = iˆ × (a × iˆ) + ˆj × (a × ˆj )  
 ⇒ 4(1 − cos 2 =
θ) 1[ |=a | 1, |=
b | 1]
+ kˆ × (a × kˆ) equals-
    ⇒ sin θ = 1/2
(a) 2 a (b) −2 a (c) a (d) − a
     π
Sol. (a) u =(iˆ ⋅ iˆ)a − (iˆ. a )iˆ + ( ˆj. ˆj )a − ( ˆj. a ) ˆj ⇒θ=
6
  3. The foot of the perpendicular drawn from
 + (kˆ. kˆ)a − (kˆ. a )kˆ
   the point P (1, 0, 3) to the join of points
= a − a iˆ + a − a ˆj + a − a kˆ
1 2 3 A (4, 7, 1) and B (3, 5, 3) is -

[a =a1i + a2 ˆj + a3 kˆ (say)]  5 7 17 
   (a) (5, 7, 1) (b)  , , 
∴ u = 3a − a = 2a 3 3 3 
       2 5 7  5 2 7
2. Let a , b , c such that= | a | 1,=| b | 1 and | c | (c)  , ,  (d)  , , 
      3 3 3  3 3 3
= 2 and if a × (a × c ) + b = 0 then acute angle
  Sol. (b) Drawn PL ⊥ AB. Suppose L divides AB in
between a and c is
the ratio k : 1, then coordinates of L are
π π
(a) (b)  3k + 4 5k + 7 3k + 1
3 4  , , 
k +1 k +1 k +1 
π
(c) (d) None of these Direction ratios of AB are 1, 2, –2 and
6
  Direction ratios of, PL are
Sol. (c) If angle between a and c is θ then
   2k + 3 5k + 7 −2
= a. c | a | | c | cos θ , ,
k +1 k +1 k +1
= 1.2 cos θ = 2 cos θ
     Since PL ⊥ AB, We have
but a × (a × c ) + b = 0
         2k + 3   5k + 7   2 
⇒ (a . c ) a − (a . a ) c + b = 0   × (1) +   × (2) +  − 
 k +1 k +1 k + 1
 
⇒ (2 cos θ) a − 1⋅ c =−b
 × (–2) = 0 ⇒ k = – 7/4
 
⇒ [(2 cos θ) a − c ]2 =− [ b ]2  5 7 17 
    ∴ L is  , , 
⇒ 4 cos 2 θ | a |2 −2.(2 cos θ)a. c + | c |2 =
| b |2 3 3 3 
 4. If two points are P (7, –5, 11) and Q (–2, 8, 13), Z
then projection of PQ on a straight line with L
C
1 2 2
direction cosines , , is- M
3 3 3 P
(a) 7 (b) 8
O Y
(c) 9 (d) none of these B
Sol. (a) The projection of line joining the points P A
(7, –5, 11) and Q (–2, 8, 13) on a line with X
1 2 2
direction cosines , , is  1 1 1   1 1 1 
3 3 3 − , , ,  ,− , ,
1 2 2  3 3 3   3 3 3 
= (–2 – 7) + (8 + 5) + (13 –11)
3 3 3  1 1 1   1 1 1 
 , ,− ,  , , 
26 4  3 3 3   3 3 3 ,
=–3+ + =7
3 3 Let , m, n be the direction cosines of the given
5. Find the ratio in which the plane 2x + 3y + 5z = 1 line, then
divides the line joining the points (1, 0, –3) and  1   1   1 
(1, –5, 7). cos α =   −  + m  + n 
 3  3  3
Sol. Let the required ratio be k : 1
− + m + n
The co-ordinates of the point which divide the =
join of (1, 0, –3) and (1, –5, 7) in the ratio k : 1 3
are −m+n +m−n
Similarly cos β = , cos γ =
 k + 1 −5k 7 k − 3  3 3
 , , 
k +1 k +1 k +1  +m+n
and cos δ =
Since this point lies on 2x + 3y + 5z = 1, 3
 k + 1  5k   7k − 3  4
∴ 2   + 3  −  + 5   =1 ∴ cos2 α + cos2 β + cos2 γ + cos2 δ =
k +1 k +1 k +1  3
7. The cosine of angle between any two diagonal of
⇒ 2k + 2 – 15k + 35k – 15 = k + 1 a cube is -
⇒ 22k – 13 = k + 1
14 2 (a) 1/3 (b) 1/2 (c) 2/3
(d) 1 / 3
⇒ 21k = 14 ; k = = Sol. (a) From above example, we have direction ratios
21 3
Hence the required ratio = of diagonals AL, BM, CN and OP as
2  1 1 1   1 1 1 
k:1= : 1 = 2 : 3. − , , ,  ,− , ,
3  3 3 3  3 3 3
6. If a line makes angles α, β, γ, δ with four  1 1 1   1 1 1 
diagonals of a cube, then cos2 α + cos2 β + cos2 γ  , ,− ,  , , 
+ cos2 δ equals -  3 3 3  3 3 3
If q1 be the angle between OP and AL, then
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 4/3 (d) 3/4
cos q1
Sol. (c) Let OA, OB, OC be coterminous edges
  1   1   1   1   1   1 
of a cube and OA = OB = OC = a, then =   − +  +  
co-ordinates of its vertices are O (0, 0, 0),  3  3   3   3   3   3 
A (a, 0, 0), B (0, a, 0), C (0, 0, c), L (0, a, a), 1
=
M (a, 0, a), N (a, a, 0) and P (a, a, a) 3
Direction ratio of diagonal AL, BM, CN and  1
⇒ q1 = cos–1  
OP are  3

Vectors and 3-D Geometry 115

 Similarly, the angle between each of the other Therefore equation of the line perpendicular
 1 to AB and passing through (2, 3, 3) is
pairs of diagonals is cos–1  
 3 2(x – 2) – 1(y – 3) + 1(z – 3) = 0
8. The equation of the plane parallel to the plane ⇒ 2x − y + z = 4
4x – 3y + 2z + 1 = 0 and passing through the point 10. A plane meets the co-ordinates axes in A, B, C
(5, 1, – 6) is: such that the centroid of triangle ABC is (a, b, c).
(a) 4x − 3y + 2z − 5 = 0 The equation of the plane is:
(b) 3x − 4y + 2z − 5 = 0 x y z x y z
(a) + + = 3 (b) + + = 1
(c) 4x − 3y + 2z + 5 = 0 a b c a b c
(d) 3x − 4y + 2z + 5 = 0 x y z
(c) + + = 2 (d) None of these
Sol. (a) Equation of the plane parallel to the plane a b c
4x − 3y + 2z + 1 = 0 is of the form of Sol. (a) The plane meets the co−ordinate axes at A,
4x – 3y + 2z + k = 0 again it passes through B, C such that centroid of the triangle ABC
(5, 1, − 6) is (a, b, c)
So, 20 − 3 − 12 + k = 0 ⇒ k = − 5 So, the plane cuts X−axis at (3a, 0, 0)
Therefore required equation is 4x − 3y So, X−intercept = 3a
+ 2z − 5 = 0. The plane cuts Y−axis at (0, 3 b, 0)
9. A plane is passed through the middle point ⇒ Y−intercept = 3b
of the segment A (–2, 5, 1), B (6, 1, 5) and is the plane cuts Z−axis at (0, 0, 3c)
perpendicular to this line. Its equation is: ⇒ Z−intercept = 3c
(a) 2x − y + z = 4 (b) 2x − y + z = 4 Therefore required equation is
(c) x − 3y + z = 5 (d) x − 4y + 2z = 5 x y z
+ + =1
Sol. (a) Mid−point of A (− 2, 5, 1) and B (6, 1, 5) is 3 a 3b 3c
(2, 3, 3) direction ratios of the line joining A x y z
⇒ + + = 3.
and B is <2, − 1, 1> a b c

116 JEE-Advanced Brahmastra PW

 EXERCISE

SINGLE CORRECT TYPE QUESTIONS   

5. If r = 3iˆ + 2 ˆj − 5kˆ, a = 2iˆ − ˆj + kˆ, b = iˆ + 3 ˆj − 2kˆ
(01 TO 38)     
   and c =−2iˆ + ˆj − 3kˆ such that r = λa + µb + γc ,
1. Let AB = 3iˆ + ˆj , AC =+ 12iˆ 7 ˆj and DE= 4iˆ + 3 ˆj. then
The area of the shaded region in the adjacent λ
figure, is (a) µ, , γ are in A.P.
2
A
(b) 2µ, λ, γ are in A.P.

D (c) µ, λ, γ are in A.P.

µ
(d) λ, , γ are in G.P.
B C 3
6. If α is acute angle between planes P1 and P2
where combined equation of planes P1 and P2 is
2x2 – 6y2 – 12z2 + 18yz + 2zx + xy = 0 then value
of cosα is
E
16 9 1 7
5 (a) (b) (c) (d)
(a) sq.unit (b) 3sq.unit 21 17 6 15
2    
3 7. Let V = 2iˆ + ˆj − kˆ, W = iˆ + 3kˆ, U = 2 . If U
(c) sq.unit (d) 8sq.unit
2 is a vector in x–y plane, then greatest value of

)
   2
2. A plane passing through the intersection of the
planes x + 2y + z – 1 = 0 and 2x + y + 3z –2 = 0 is ( U V W  is
 
perpendicular to the planes x + y + z – 1 = 0 and (a) 232 (b) 340 (c) 236 (d) 312
x + ky + 3z – 1 = 0. Then the value of k is x − 2 y −1 z +1
8. The line L given by = =
5 3 5 3 2 b c
(a) − (b) − (c) (d)
2 2 2 2 passes through the point (1, 2, 3). Another line
3. The edges of a parallelopiped are of unit length K is parallel to line L and has the equation
and are parallel to non-coplanar unit vectors x+2 y −3 z +4
= = . Then the distance
1 a 2 d
aˆ , bˆ, cˆ such that aˆ ⋅ bˆ = bˆ ⋅ cˆ = cˆ ⋅ aˆ = . Then, between line L and K is
3
the volume of the parallelopiped is 297 243 272 291
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1 1 3 2 5 3 3 9 9
(a) (b) (c) (d) 
2 3 2 3 3  
9. Three vectors a , b , c are inclined at an acute
4. If (α, β, γ) be the intersection point of lines  
angle with each other such that= a 2,= b 3,
x –3y + 2z + 4 = 0 = 2x + y + 4z + 1 and  
 
1 c = 9 and lengths of projection of a on b , b
x−   
3= y= z , then (α + β + γ) is on c & c on a respectively are in geometric
8 3 −6   5π
(a) –2 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) 2 progression. If angles between a & b is
12

Vectors and 3-D Geometry 117

   π π
and between c & a is , then the angle (a) 0 (b)
  12 2
between b & c is - (c) p (d) indeterminate
π π π π   
(a) (b) (c) (d) 15. If a ' = iˆ + ˆj , b ' = iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ & c ' = 2iˆ + ˆj − kˆ .
6 4 3 8
x − 2 y +1 Then altitude of the parallelopiped formed by
10. If the two lines l1 : = , z = 2 and    
3 −2 the vectors a , b , c having base formed by b
x −1 2 y + 3 z + 5       
l2 := = are perpendicular, & c is (a , b , c and a ', b ', c ' are reciprocal
1 α 2 systems of vectors)
then an angle between the lines l2 and
1− x 2 y −1 z 3 2 1 1
l3 := = is (a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
3 −4 4 2 6 2
 
 29 
(a) cos −1  
 29 
(b) sec −1   16. A unit vector a in the plane of b= 2iˆ + ˆj & c
 4  4    
= iˆ − ˆj + kˆ is such that a ⋅ b = b ⋅ d , where
 2
−1  2  
(c) cos   (d) cos −1   d= ˆj + 2kˆ is
 29   29 
 
11. Let=

a 2,=

b 1 and a ⊥ b . If

c is a unit iˆ + ˆj + kˆ iˆ − ˆj + kˆ
 (a) (b)
 3 3
vector inclined at angle 60° to both a and b
  
 
( )
such that c = xa + yb + z a × b , then which of
(c)
2iˆ − ˆj
(d)
2iˆ + ˆj
the following is not true? 5 5
   
(a) 2x = y (b) 4z2 = y 17. Let r , a , b & c be four non-zero vectors such
3          
(c) 2z2 = x (d) 4 z 2 + x + y = that r ⋅ =
a 0, | r × b=| | r | | b |, | r × c=| | r || c |,
4  
 ˆ ˆ   then [a b c ] =
12. Let a = 2iˆ − kˆ . Then vector r
i + j; b =
    (a) | a | | b | | c | (b) − | a | | b | | c |
satisfying the equations r × a = b × a and
   
r × b = a × b , is (c) 0 (d) None of these
  
(a) iˆ − ˆj + kˆ (b) 3iˆ − ˆj + kˆ 18. If a1 , a2 , a3 are non-coplanar vectors and
   
(c) 3iˆ + ˆj − kˆ (d) iˆ − ˆj − kˆ ( x + y − 3) a1 + (2 x − y + 2)a2 + (2 x + y + λ )a3 = 0
13. The image of the point (1, 2, –1), on the plane holds for some ′x′ and ′y′ then ′l′ is
x +1 y − 3 z + 2
containing the line = = and the 7 10 5
−3 2 1 (a) (b) 2 (c) − (d)
point (0, 7, –7), is 3 3 3
 ˆ ˆ  ˆ ˆ  ˆ ˆ
 −1 −7 1   −1 2 −7  19. If a = i + j, b =j + k, c =k + i , then in the
(a)  , ,  (b)  , ,    
 3 3 3  3 3 3 reciprocal system of vectors a , b , c , reciprocal

 −1 −7   −1 2 7  of vector a is
(c)  , 0,  (d)  , , 
 3 3  3 3 3
iˆ + ˆj + kˆ iˆ − ˆj + kˆ
    (a) (b)
14. If a , b are unit vectors such that (a + b ). 2 2
   
(2a + 3b ) × (3a + 2b ) =
0 . Then angle between −iˆ − ˆj + kˆ iˆ + ˆj − kˆ
  (c) (d)
a and b is 2 2

118 JEE-Advanced Brahmastra PW

           26. Equation of the line which is perpendicular to the
20. If a + 2b + 3c = 0 , then a × b + b × c + c × a is
equal to x−2 y −2 z −3
line  whose equation is = =
    1 −1 −2
(a) 6(b × c ) (b) 6(c × a )
  and which passes through the point of intersection
(c) 6(a × b ) (d) none of these of l and π ≡ 2 x − y + z − 4 =0 is
     
( )( )
21. If (a × b ) × (c × d ) . (a × d ) =0 , then which
(a)
x − 2 y −1 z −1
= =
3 5 −1
of the following is always true?
    x −1 y − 3 z − 5
(a) a , b , c , d are necessarily coplanar (b) = =
  3 5 −1

(b) either a or d must lie in the plane of b x + 2 y +1 z +1
 (c) = =
and c 2 −1 1
   
(c) either b or c must lie in plane of a and d x − 2 y −1 z −1
    (d) = =
(d) either a or b must lie in plane of c and d 2 −1 1
22. In a right angled DABC the hypotenuse AB = p , 27. Equation of the plane which passes through
      the point of the intersection of lines
then AB ⋅ AC + BC ⋅ BA + CA ⋅ CB equals x −1 y − 2 z − 3 x − 3 y −1 z − 2
= = and = =
(a) 2p2 (b) p2 (c) p2/2 (d) p 3 1 2 1 2 3
  
23. If the vectors a = xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ, b = ˆj and c and at greatest distance from the point (0, 0, 0) is
   (a) 4x + 3y + 25 (b) 4x + 3y + 5z = 50
are such that a , c and b form a right-handed
 (c) 3x + 4y + 5z = 49 (d) x + 7y – 5z = 2
system then c is
 28. If plane 2x + 3y + 6z = 0 is tangent to the sphere
(a) ziˆ − xkˆ (b) 0
x2 + y2 + z2 + 2x – 2y + 2z – 6 = 0, then a value of
(c) yjˆ (d) − ziˆ + xkˆ k is
  (a) 26 (b) 16 (c) –26 (d) 25
24. Equation of the straight line in theplane r ⋅ n =d
 
which is parallel to r = a + λb and passes 29. The reflection of the point P(1, 0, 0) in the line
through the foot
 of perpendicular drawn from x − 1 y + 1 z + 10
  = = is
the point P(a ) to the plane r ⋅ n = d . (where 2 −3 8

n.b = 0) is (a) 3, –4, –2 (b) 5, –8, –4
 
   d − a.n   (c) 1, –1, –10 (d) 2, –3, 8
(a) r = a +   n + λb
 n  2
30. The points A(2 – x, 2, 2), B(2, 2 – y, 2), C(2, 2,
 
   d − a.n   2 – z) and D(1, 1, 1) are coplanar, then locus of P
(b) r = a +   n + λb (x, y, z) is
 n 
  1 1 1
   a.n − d   (a) + + = 1
(c) r = a +   n + λb x y z
 n  2

  (b) x + y + z =1
   a.n − d  
(d) r = a +   n + λb 1 1 1
 n  (c) + + 1
=
1− x 1− y 1− z
25. If the foot of the perpendicular from the origin to
(d) None of these
a plane is P(a, b, c), the equation of the plane is
x y z 31. The volume of the tetrahedron whose vertices
(a) + + = 3 have position vectors iˆ − 6 ˆj + 10kˆ, −iˆ − 3 ˆj + 7 kˆ,
a b c
(b) ax + by + cz = 3 5iˆ − ˆj + λkˆ and 7i − 4 ˆj + 7 kˆ is 11 cubic units if
(c) ax + by + cz = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 l equals
(d) ax + by + cz = a + b + c (a) –3 (b) 3 (c) 7 (d) –1

Vectors and 3-D Geometry 119

    MULTIPLE CORRECT TYPE
32. If a , b , c are non-coplanar vectors and l is a real
        QUESTIONS (39 TO 51)
number, then  λ (a + b ) λ 2 b λc=
 a b + c b 
   

for 39. If a and b are unequal unit vectors such that
       
(a − b ) × [(b + a ) × (2a + b )] =a + b , then smaller
(a) no value of l 
angle q between a and b is
(b) exactly one value of l
π π
(c) exactly two values of l (a) (b) 0 (c) p (d)
2 4
(d) exactly three values of l 40. In a four-dimensional space where unit vectors
   
  along axes are iˆ, ˆj , kˆ and ̂ and a , a , a , a
33. Let b and c be non-collinear vectors. If 1 2 3 4

    are four non-zero vectors such that no vector can

a is a vector such that a ⋅ (b + c) =4 and be expressed as linear combination of other and
           
a × (b × c ) = ( x 2 − 2 x + 6)b + sin yc , then (x, y) (λ − 1) (a1 − a2 ) + µ(a2 + a3 ) + γ (a3 + a4 − 2a2 )
  
lies on the line + a3 + δa4 = 0 then
(a) x + y =0 (b) x − y =0 2 2 1
(a) l = 1 (b) µ = (c) γ = (d) δ =
(c) x = 1 (d) y = π 3 3 3

          41. A vector (d ) is equally inclined to three
34. If =
α x(a × b ) + y(b × c ) + z (c × a ) and [a b c]   
c 3 ˆj − 2kˆ.
vectors a = iˆ − ˆj + kˆ, b = 2iˆ + ˆj and =
1   
= , then x + y + z is equal to Let x ,y, z be three vectors in the plane of
8    
        a , b ; b , c ; c , a respectively then
(a) 8α ⋅ a + b + c ) (b) α ⋅ (a + b + c )  
(a) x ⋅ d = 14
    
(c) 8(a + b + c ) (d) None of these (b) y ⋅ d = 3
        
35. If a = (iˆ + ˆj + kˆ), a ⋅ b = 1 and a × b = j − k , then (c) z ⋅ d = 0
      
b is (d) r ⋅ d = 0 where r = λx + µy + δz

(a) iˆ − ˆj + kˆ (b) 2 ˆj − kˆ 42. Identify the statemen(s) which is/are INCORRECT:

      
(a) a ×  a × (a × b )  = (a × b )(a2 )
(c) iˆ (d) 2iˆ   
     (b) If a , b , c are non-zero, non coplanar vectors,
36. If a , b and c are unit vectors, then | a − b |2       
  and v ⋅ a = v ⋅ b = v ⋅ c = 0 then v must be a
 
+ | b − c |2 + | c − a |2 does not exceed null vector
 
(a) 4 (b) 9 (c) 8 (d) 6 (c) If a and b lie in a plane normal to the
 
plane containing  the
 vector c & d , then
π  
37. If a straight line makes an angle of with each ( a × b ) × (c × d ) = 0
4
     
of X-axis and Y-axis, then the angle made by the (d) If a , b , c and a ', b ',c' are
  reciprocal

system
line with Z-axis is: of vectors then a ⋅ b '+ b ⋅ c '+ c .a ' =3
π π π π   
(a) (b) (c) (d) 43. a , b ,c are three co-planar unit vectors such that
4 3 2 6     
a + b + c = 0 . If three vectors p, q , r parallel
38. The ratio in which the line joining the points  
to a , b , c respectively and having integral but
(a, b, c) and (–a,–c,–b) is divided by the XY- different magnitudes, then among the following
  
plane is options | p + q + r | can take a value equal to
(a) a : b (b) b : c (c) c : a (d) c : b (a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 3 (d) 2

120 JEE-Advanced Brahmastra PW

44. The equation of the line x + y + z–1 =0, 4x + y 48. Let l, m, n be three real numbers satisfying
–2z + 2 = 0 written in the symmetrical form is: 3 +1 6 
x +1 y − 2 z − 0
(a) = = [l m n]  −1 2 +5 = [3 − 2 − 3]......S . If the
1 −2 1  4−3 −5
x y z −1 point P(l, m, n) with reference to S lies on a plane
(b) = =
1 −2 1 x −1 y − 2 z − 3
x +1/ 2 y −1 z −1/ 2 p containing the lines L1 : = =
(c) = = 1 −2 −1
1 −2 1 x −1 y − 2 z − 3
x −1 y + 2 z − 2 and L2 − =, then which of the
(d) = = 4 −3 0
2 −1 2 following options(s) is/are correct?
45. Consider the planes 3x – 6y + 2z + 5 = 0 and (a) Distance of plane p from the point (0, −1, − 2)
4x – 12y + 3z = 3. The plane 67x – 162y + 47z
is 1
+ 44 = 3 bisects that angle between the given
planes which 2 1
x+ y+
(b) Line L : = = 3 2 z − 0 completely
(a) contains origin
4 −3 0
(b) is acute lies in plane (p)
(c) is obtuse (c) 5l + 2m – n = 2
(d) is right angle (d) image of (l, m, n) about L2 is (8, 3, 8)
46. The plane lx + my = 0 is rotated about its line x −1 y +1 z
of intersection with the plane z = 0, through an 49. Acute angle between the lines = =
 m n
angle a, then equation of line in its new position x +1 y − 3 z −1
and = = where l > m > n,
may be m n 
and l, m, n are the roots of the cubic equation
(a) x + my + z  2 + m 2 tan α =0
x3 + x2 – 4x = 4 is equal to
(b) x + my − z  2 + m 2 tan α =0 3
−1 65
(c) data is not sufficient (a) cos (b) sin −1
13 9
(d) None of these 13
−1 2
(c) 2 cos (d) tan −1
x −1 y z +1 18 3
47. Consider the line L= = = and
2 1 −2
x + 6 y + 10 z + 14
a point A(1, 1, 1). Let P be the foot of the 50. The line = = is the hypotenuse
5 3 8
perpendicular from A on L and Q be the image
of an isosceles right angle triangle whose opposite
of the point A in the line L, ‘O’ being the origin.
vertex is (7, 2, 4) then the equation of remaining
Then
sides is/are:
(a) The distance of the origin from the plane
passing through the point A and containing x−7 y−2 z−4
(a) = =
1 3 6 2
the line L is units x−7 y−2 z−4
3 (b) = =
(b) The distance of the point A from the line L, 2 −3 6
is 2 units x−7 y+2 z+4
(c) = =
(c) The distance of the origin from Q is 4 units 3 6 2
(d) The distance of the point A from the line L, x+7 y+2 z+4
(d) = =
is 3 units 2 −3 6

Vectors and 3-D Geometry 121

 51. A rod of length 2 units whose one end point is 57. Let P be  the
 point  of intersection
  of the three
(1, 0, –1) and other end touches the plane x – 2y planes r ⋅ n1 = 0, r ⋅ n2 = 1 and r ⋅ n3 = 2 , where
+ 2z + 4 = 0, then:    ˆ
n1 , n2 and n3 are 2 ˆj + k , 5iˆ − 12 ˆj and 3iˆ + 4kˆ
(a) the rod sweeps the figure whose volume is respectively. If the projection of OP on the Z-axis
p cubic units (O being origin) is λ, then 2λ is equal to
 
(b) the area of region which the rod traces on the 58. L e t a = iˆ + ˆj + 2 kˆ, b = b1iˆ + b2 ˆj + 2 kˆ a n d
plane 2p square units 
c = 5iˆ + ˆj + 2 kˆ be three vectors such thatthe
(c) the length of the projection of the rod on the   
projection vector of b on a is | a |. If a + b is
plane is 3 units  
perpendicular to c , then b is equal to
(d) the centre of the region which the rod traces
  
2 2 5 59. Let a , b and c be three vectors such that
on the plane if  , , −     
 3 3 3 a =b × (b × c ). If magnitudes of the vectors
  
NUMERICAL TYPE QUESTIONS a , b and c are 2, 1 and 2 respectively and
(52 TO 66)    π
the angle between b and c is θ  0 < θ <  ,
 2
PART-I: DECIMAL TYPE QUESTIONS
then the value of 1 + tanθ is equal to
(52 to 60)   
   60. Let a = 2iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ, b = iˆ + ˆj . If c is a vector
52. Let a , b , c be three vectors satisfying     
such that a ⋅ c + 2 c = 0 and c − a =14
      
a = b × c + 3b where b= c= 2 and a ≤ 6,   
and angle between a × b and c is 30°, then
     
then the sum of possible value(s) of 2a + b + c is 10 (a × b ) × c is equal to
 
53. Let a and b be two vectors such that
    PART-II: INTEGER TYPE QUESTIONS
= a 2019,= b 2019 and a ⋅ b = 0 . For some (61 TO 66)
 
   (a × b ) 
α, β ∈ R, c = αa + βb + . If c = 2019 2 61. Let ABC be a triangle whose circumcentre is
2019 at P. If the position vectors of A, B, C and P are
   
 the vector c makes ‘θ’ angle with both a and
and    a+b +c
a, b , c and respectively, then the
b , then [4cos2 θ] is equal to 4
(where [.] represents GIF) position vector of the orthocenter of this triangle,
 
54. If the shortest distance between the lines a+b +c
is . The value of k is
x −1 y − 2 z − 3 x−2 y −4 z −5 k
= = and = =  
2 3 λ 1 4 5 62. Let a and b be two unit vectors such that
    
is
1
, then the sum of all possible values of λ is
 
( )
| a + b |=3. If c =a + 2b + 3 a × b , then 2 | c |

3
is equal to 11k . The value of k is
55. Let A ≡ (1, 2, 3), B ≡ (α, 4, 6) and C ≡ (1, 2, β) are  
three vectors of ∆ABC. If median AD is equally 63. In a parallelogram ABCD,= AB a=, AD b
inclined with positive x, y and z axis, then value   
of α + β is equal to and AC = c, then DB. AB has the value

x −1 y z +1 ka 2 + b 2 − c 2
56. A line from origin meets the lines = = . The value of k is
1 2 2 2
x y −1 z 64. If xˆ , yˆ and ẑ are three units vectors in three-
and= = at A and B, then length of AB
2 3 1 dimensional space, then the minimum value of
is equal to | xˆ + yˆ |2 + | yˆ + zˆ |2 + | zˆ + xˆ |2 is

122 JEE-Advanced Brahmastra PW

    68. Match the column.
z 3iˆ −
65. If x =3iˆ − 6 ˆj − kˆ, y =iˆ + 4 ˆj − 3kˆ and =
Column-I Column-II
4 ˆj − 12kˆ, then the magnitude of the projection
   I. Foot of P.
of x × y on z is 2k. The value of k is  107 30 69 
perpendicular  , , 
29 29 29 
drawn for
66. If aˆ , bˆ, cˆ are unit vectors such that aˆ + bˆ + cˆ =0,
point (1, 2,
 l
then the value of aˆ ⋅ bˆ + bˆ ⋅ cˆ + cˆ ⋅ aˆ is −   3) to the line
 m x − 2 y −1
(where l and m are co-prime). The value of =
2 3
(l + m) is z−2
= is
MATRIX MATCH/LIST TYPE 4
QUESTIONS (67 TO 71)
II. Image of line Q.
PART-I: MATRIX TYPE QUESTIONS  88 125 69 
point (1,2,3)  , , 
(67 to 68) 29 29 29 
in the line
67. Match The column. x − 2 y −1
=
2 3
Column-I Column-II z−2
I. The lines P. coincident = is
4
x −1 y −1 z − 3
= = III. Foot of R.
2 3 4  107 125 185 
perpendicular  , , 
and 29 29 29 
from the point
x −1 y − 3 z − 5 (2,3,5) to the
= =
3 4 5 plane 2x + 3y –
are 4z + 17 = 0 is
II. x −1 y − 2 z − 3 Q. parallel and IV. Image of the S.
= =  68 44 78 
2 3 4
different point (2, 5, 1) in  , , 
29 29 29
the plane 3x – 2y
and + 4z – 5 = 0 is
x−3 y −5 z −7
= T.
2 3 4 are  38 57 185 
 , , 
III. R. skew 29 29 29 
x−2 y+3 5− z
= =
5 4 −2
PART-II: LIST TYPE QUESTIONS
and
x−7 y −1 z − 2 (69 TO 71)
= =
5 4 −2 69. Match the column.
are Column-I Column-II
IV. x−3 y+2 z−4 S. Intersecting  
= = I. ˆj and P. 1
at a point If a + b =
2 3 5
  ˆj
and 2a − b = 3iˆ + , then
x−3 y−2 z−7 2
= = modulus value of cos
3 2 5
are θ, if θ is the angle

T. Coplanar between a and b , is

Vectors and 3-D Geometry 123

 II.    Q. 5 3 III. A square PQRS of side R. 2
If | a=| | b=| | c |, angle
between each pair length p is folded along
π the diagonal PR so that
of vectors is and
3 the point Q reaches at
  
| a + b + c |=6, then Q′ and planes PRQ′ and
 PRS are perpendicular
| a |=
to one another, the
III. Area of the R. 2 shortest distance
parallelogram whose
diagonals represent the between PQ′ and RS is
vectors 3iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ and kp
, then
6
iˆ + 3 ˆj − 4kˆ is
k=
IV.  S. 7
If a is a perpendicular IV.     S.
   a = 2i + 3 j − k , 1218
to b + c , b is 
perpendicular b =−iˆ + 2 ˆj − 4kˆ, 2
   
to c + a , c is c = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ and
perpendicular to 
d = 3iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ, then
   
a + b ,| a |= 2, | b |= 3    
 ( a × b ) ⋅ (c × d ) =
and | c |= 6 , then
   T. 21
| a + b + c |=
I II III IV
3 (a) S P R T
T.
5
(b) R P S T
I II III IV (c) S Q R P
(a) T P Q S (d) T P R S
(b) P T Q S
71. Match the column.
(c) Q S T P
(d) Q P T S Column-I Column-II
70. Match The column. I. If V1 , V2 , V3 are P. 2V1 + 3V3
Column-I Column-II the volumes of = 5V2
I. The area of the triangle P. 0 parallelopiped,
whose vertices are the triangular prism
points with rectangular and tetrahedron
Cartesian coordinates respectively. The
(1, 2, 3), (–2,1,–4),
three coterminous
(3, 4, –2) is
edges of all three
II. The value of Q. 28 figures are the vectors
     
(a × b ) ⋅ (c × d ) + (b × c ) ⋅ iˆ − ˆj − 6kˆ, iˆ − ˆj + 4kˆ
     
(a × d ) + (c × a ) ⋅ (b × d )
and 2iˆ − 5 ˆj + 3kˆ then
is

124 JEE-Advanced Brahmastra PW

 
II. If V1 , V2 , V3 are Q. V + V + V 72. a2 is equal to
1 2 3
the volumes of = 60 943 ˆ ˆ ˆ
(a) (2 i − 3 j− 6 k)
parallelopiped, 49
triangular prism 943 ˆ ˆ ˆ
and tetrahedron (b) (2 i − 3 j− 6 k)
492
respectively. The three
coterminous edges of 943
(c) ( −2 ˆi + 3 ˆj+ 6 k)
ˆ
all three figures are the 49
vectors −2iˆ + 3 ˆj − 3kˆ, 943
(d) ( −2 ˆi + 3 ˆj+ 6 k)
ˆ
492
4iˆ + 5 ˆj − 3kˆ and
 
6iˆ + 2 ˆj − 3kˆ , then 73. a1 ⋅ b is equal to
41
III. If V , V , V are R. V + 3V (a) –41 (b) − (c) 41 (d) 287
1 2 3 1 3 7
the volumes of = 3V2 Comprehension-2
parallelopiped,
triangular prism Intersection of a sphere by a plane is called circular
and tetrahedron section.
respectively. The (i) If the plane intersects the sphere in more than one
three coterminous different points, then the section is called a circle
edges of all three (ii) If the circle of section is of greatest possible radius,
figures are the vectors
then the circle is called great circle.
−3iˆ + ˆj + kˆ,. 4iˆ + 5 ˆj − 3kˆ
(iii) If the radius of circular section is zero, then the
and 2iˆ + 2 ˆj , then section is a point circle.
(iv) If the plane does not meet the sphere at all, then
S. V1 + V2 + V3 the section is an imaginary circle.
= 50
74. Sphere x2 + y2 + z2 = 4 is intersected by the plane
T. V1 : V2 : V3 2x + 3y + 6z + 7 = 0 in
= 6 : 3 :1 (a) a great circle
(b) a real circle but not great
I II III
(c) a point circle
(a) P, R, S, T P, R, T P, Q, R, T
(d) an imaginary circle
(b) P, Q, T P, R, T P, Q, T
75. The sphere x2 + y2 + z2 + 2x + 6y – 8z – 1 = 0 is
(c) P, R, Q P, Q, T P, Q, R, T intersected by the plane x + 2y – 3z – 7 =0 in
(d) T P, R, T P, S, R, T (a) a great circle
COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS (b) a real circle but not great
(72 TO 85) (c) a point circle
(d) an imaginary circle
Comprehension-1
Comprehension-3
  
Let a = 2i + 3 ˆj − 6kˆ, b = 2iˆ − 3 ˆj + 6kˆ and c =−2iˆ + 3 ˆj Let A(2, 3, 5), B(–1, 3, 2)and C (l, 5, m) are the vertices
    of a triangle and its median through A meets side BC at
+ 6kˆ . Let a1 be projection of a on b and a 2 be the D. AD is equally inclined with the axes. If E is the point
 
projection of a1 on c . then on BC such that BE : EC = 1 : 2

Vectors and 3-D Geometry 125

 76. Equation of line joining points A and B is Comprehension-5
x−2 y −0 z −5 Let L be a straight line passing through (1, 1, 1) which
(a) = = is parallel to x + y + z = 1 and intersect the line x + 2y + z
3 0 3
= 1, x + y + 2z = 3
x−2 y −3 z −5
(b) = = 82. The line L is parallel to the line
3 0 3
x −1 y −1 z −1 x y z
x−2 y −3 z −5 (a) = = (b) = =
(c) = = 4 −3 1 4 −3 2
3 0 2
x y z x y z
(d) None of these (c) = = (d) = =
4 −7 2 4 −3 1
77. The value of 2λ − µ is equal to 83. The equation of line which intersect the line L
(a) 13 (b) 4 x y z x y z
= = & parallel to = = is
(c) 3 (d) None of these 1 9 17 1 2 3
x −1 y −1 z − 2
78. Equation of plane containing triangle ABC (a) = =
1 2 3
(a) x + y + 3 = 0 (b) x – z – 3 = 0 x −1 y −1 z − 2
(b) = =
(c) x – z + 3 = 0 (d) x – y + 3 = 0 2 4 3
x y z
Comprehension-4 (c) = =
7 14 21
The vertices of DABC are A(2, 0, 0), B(0, 1, 0), C(0, x −1 y −1 z −1
0, 2). Its orthocenter is H and circumcentre is S. P is a (d) = =
1 2 3
point equidistant from A, B, C and the origin O.
Comprehension-6
79. The z-co-ordinate of H is Let P denote the plane consisting of all points that are
(a) 1 (b) 1/2 (c) 1/6 (d) 1/3 equidistant from the points A(–4, 2, 1) and B(2, –4, 3)
80. The y-co-ordinate of S is and Q be the plane x – y + cz = 1 where c∈R

5 1 1 1 84. The plane P is parallel to plane Q

(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) for no value of c (b) if c = 3
6 3 6 2
(c) if c =1/3 (d) if c = 1
81. PA is equal to
85. If the angle between the planes P and Q is 45º
(a) 1 (b) 2
then the product of all possible values of 'c' is:
3 3 24
(c) (d) (a) –17 (b) –2 (c) 17 (d)
2 2 17

126 JEE-Advanced Brahmastra PW

 ANSWER KEY
Scan for Detailed
Explanations

1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (b)
11. (d) 12. (c) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (d) 16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (c) 19. (d) 20. (a)
21. (c) 22. (b) 23. (a) 24. (a) 25. (c) 26. (b) 27. (b) 28. (a) 29. (b) 30. (a)
31. (c) 32. (a) 33. (c) 34. (a) 35. (c) 36. (b) 37. (c) 38. (d) 39. (a, c)
40. (a, b, d) 41. (c, d) 42. (a, c, d) 43. (c, d) 44. (a, b, c) 45. (a, b) 46. (a, b)
47. (a, b) 48. (a, b, c, d) 49. (b, c) 50. (a, b) 51. (a, c, d) 52. (28.00)
53. (1.00) 54. (16.00) 55. (5.00) 56. (6.00) 57. (7.00) 58. (6.00) 59. (2.00)
60. (15.00) 61. (2) 62. (5) 63. (3) 64. (3) 65. (7) 66. (5)
67. I-S,T; II-P,T; III-Q,T; IV-R 68. I-S; II-P; III-T; IV-Q 69. (a) 70. (a) 71. (a) 72. (b)
73. (a) 74. (b) 75. (d) 76. (b) 77. (b) 78. (c) 79. (d) 80. (c) 81. (d) 82. (a, d)
83. (c, d) 84. (c) 85. (b)

Vectors and 3-D Geometry 127