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CSC404 - Lecture Note WK2

The document outlines the classification of IP addresses into Classes A, B, C, D, and E, detailing their leading bit patterns and default subnet masks. It also covers binary to decimal conversion, address class identification, and the AND operation with subnet masks for determining network and host portions of an IP address. Additionally, it includes examples of subnetting problems and a brief mention of character sets like ASCII and Unicode.

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52 views5 pages

CSC404 - Lecture Note WK2

The document outlines the classification of IP addresses into Classes A, B, C, D, and E, detailing their leading bit patterns and default subnet masks. It also covers binary to decimal conversion, address class identification, and the AND operation with subnet masks for determining network and host portions of an IP address. Additionally, it includes examples of subnetting problems and a brief mention of character sets like ASCII and Unicode.

Uploaded by

jaafarabdulrahma19
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Week 2 (28/7/2024): IP Address Classes

Class A: 1 – 127 Leading bit pattern 0 (8 bits for NetID/24 for Host ID)
Class B: 128 – 191 Leading bit pattern 10 (16 bits for NetID/16 for Host ID)
Class C: 192 – 223 Leading bit pattern 110 (24 bits for NetID/8 for Host ID)
Class D: 224 – 239 (Reserved for multicast)
Class E: 240 – 255 (Reserved for experimental, used for research)
Note: (Network 127 is reserved for loopback and internal testing)

Private Address Space


Class A: 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
Class B: 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
Class C: 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

Default Subnet Masks


Class A: 255.0.0.0
Class B: 255.255.0.0
Class C: 255.255.255.0

Binary To Decimal Conversion


Positional weight
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 = 146
0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 = 119
Practice more
Decimal To Binary Conversion
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 = 238
Practice more
Address Class Identification
1) 10.250.1.1 _____ 2) 150.10.15.0 _____ 3) 192.14.2.0 _____
4) 148.17.9.1 _____ 5) 193.42.1.1 _____ 6) 126.8.156.0 _____
7) 220.200.23.1 _____ 8) 230.230.45.58 _____ 9) 177.100.18.4 _____
10) 119.18.45.0 _____ 11) 249.240.80.78 _____ 12) 95.0.21.90 _____
13) 215.45.45.0 _____ 14) 199.200.15.0 _____ 15) 33.0.0.0 _____
Network Addresses?
Host Addresses?
Default Subnet Masks?

ANDING With Default subnet masks


Every IP address must be accompanied by a subnet mask. By now you should be able to look at
an IP address and tell what class it is. Unfortunately, your computer doesn’t think that way. For
your computer to determine the network and subnet portion of an IP address it must “AND” the
IP address with the subnet mask.

ANDING Equations:
1 AND 1 = 1
1 AND 0 = 0
0 AND 1 = 0
0 AND 0 = 0

Sample:

What you see...

IP Address: 192 . 100 . 10 . 33


What you can figure out in your head...

Address Class: C
Network Portion: 192 . 100 . 10 . 33
Host Portion: 192 . 100 . 10 . 33

In order for your computer to get the same information it must AND the IP address with the
subnet mask in binary.

IP Address: 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0. 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0. 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0. 00100001 192.100.10.33


Default Subnet Mask: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1. 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1. 00000000 255.255.255.0
AND: 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0. 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0. 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0. 00000000 192.100.10.0
Subnetting
Problem 1
Number of needed subnets 14
Number of needed usable hosts 14
Network Address 192.10.10.0
Address class C
Default subnet mask 255.255.255.0
Custom subnet mask 255.255.255.240
Total number of subnets 16
Total number of host addresses 16
Number of usable addresses 14
Number of bits borrowed 4

Reflection:
What is the 4th subnet range?
What is the subnet number for the 8th subnet?
What is the subnet broadcast address for the 13th subnet?
What are the assignable addresses for the 9th subnet?

Class work:
Number of needed subnets 2
Network Address 195.223.50.0
Address class ?
Default subnet mask ?
Custom subnet mask ?
Total number of subnets ?
Total number of host addresses ?
Number of usable addresses ?
Number of bits borrowed ?
Exercise 1
Number of needed subnets 1000
Number of needed usable hosts 60
Network Address 160.100.0.0
Address class ?
Default subnet mask ?
Custom subnet mask ?
Total number of subnets ?
Total number of host addresses ?
Number of usable addresses ?
Number of bits borrowed ?
Presentation 3:
Study briefly discusses the following Character Sets
1) ASCII
2) Window 1252
3) Unicode Transformation Format (UTF)

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