SECTION A

1. Explain the formation of depletion region in a p-n junction. 2

2. (a) (i) nce of closest

-particle in Geiger-Marsden scattering
experiment.
(ii) What will be the value of the impact parameter for
scattering angle (I) = 0 and (II) = 180 ? 2
OR
(b) Photoelectric emission occurs when a surface is irradiated with the
radiation of frequency (i) v1, and (ii) v2. The maximum kinetic energy
of the electrons emitted in the two cases are K and 2K respectively.
Obtain the expression for the threshold frequency for the surface. 2

3. How is an emf generated by a solar cell due to the three basic processes
involved ? Explain. 2

SECTION B

4. (a) (i) Depict a plane electromagnetic wave propagating along the

x-axis. Write the expressions for its oscillating electric and
magnetic fields.

(ii) Write three characteristics of electromagnetic waves. 3

OR

(b) Name the electromagnetic waves which are produced by the following :
(i) Radioactive decays of nucleus
(ii) Welding arcs
(iii) Hot bodies
Write one use each of these waves. 3

.55/2/1 5 P.T.O.
5. (a) State the conditions for total internal reflection to take place.

(b)
suspended by a thread in the liquid is gradually lowered till it
touches the bottom. The apparent depth is determined
corresponding to different positions of the coin.

(i) Plot a graph showing variation of the apparent depth with

the real depth of the coin.

(ii) What is the physical significance of the slope of the graph ? 3

6. (a) Draw a labelled ray diagram showing the formation of an image by

an astronomical refracting telescope in normal adjustment. Hence,
obtain the expression for its magnifying power. 3
OR

(b) is incident normally on

(i) Depict the intensity distribution in the pattern observed.

(ii) Obtain the expression for the first maximum from the
central maximum. 3

7. A converging lens made of glass ( = 1·5) has its spherical faces of radii
of curvature 10 cm and 20 cm. Find its focal length

(a) in air, and

(b) when it is immersed in a liquid of refractive index 1·25. 3

8. The energy of a hydrogen atom in the first excited state is 3·4 eV. Find :

(a) the radius of this orbit. (Take Bohr radius = 0·53 Å)

(b) the angular momentum of the electron in the orbit.

(c) the kinetic and potential energy of the electron in the orbit. 3

.55/2/1 7 P.T.O.
9. (a) Depict the variation of the potential energy of a pair of nucleons
with the separation between them.
56 28
(b) Imagine the fission of a 26 Fe into two equal fragments of 13 Al
nucleus. Is the fission energetically possible ? Justify your answer
by working out Q value of the process. 3
56 28
Given : m 26 Fe = 55·93494 u, m 13 Al = 27·98191 u.

10. Find the ratio of the de Broglie wavelengths associated with an alpha
particle and a proton, if both
(a) have the same speeds,
(b) have the same kinetic energy,
(c) are accelerated through the same potential difference. 3

11. With the help of a circuit diagram, explain the working of a

p-n junction diode as a full-wave rectifier. Also draw its input and output
waveforms. 3

SECTION C

12. The British physicist Thomas Young explained the interference of light
using the principle of superposition of waves. He observed the interference
pattern on the screen, in his experimental set-
double slit experiment. The two slits S1 and S2 were illuminated by light
from a slit S. The interference pattern consists of dark and bright bands of
light. Such bands are called fringes. The distance between two consecutive
bright and dark fringes is called fringe width.
(a) If the screen is moved closer to the plane of slits S1 and S2, then
the fringe width :
(i) will decrease, but the intensity of bright fringe remains the
same.
(ii) will increase, but the intensity of bright fringe decreases.
(iii) will decrease, but the intensity of bright fringe increases.
(iv) and the intensity both remain the same.

.55/2/1 9 P.T.O.
 (b) What will happen to the pattern on the screen, when the two slits
S1 and S2 are replaced by two independent but identical sources ?
(i) The intensity of pattern will increase
(ii) The intensity of pattern will decrease
(iii) The number of fringes will become double
(iv) No pattern will be observed on the screen

(c) Two sources of light are said to be coherent, when both emit light
waves of :
(i) same amplitude and have a varying phase difference.
(ii) same wavelength and a constant phase difference.
(iii) different wavelengths and same intensity.
(iv) different wavelengths and a constant phase difference.

(d) The fringe width is . If the

whole set-up is immersed in a liquid of refractive index , then the
new fringe width will be :
(i)
(ii)

(iii)

(iv) 2

(e) The total path difference between two waves meeting at points
3
P1 and P2 on the screen are and 2 respectively. Then :
2
(i) bright fringes are formed at both points.
(ii) dark fringes are formed at both points.
(iii) a bright fringe is formed at P1 and a dark fringe is formed at
P2 .

(iv) a bright fringe is formed at P2 and a dark fringe is formed at

P1 . 5 1=5

.55/2/1 11 P.T.O.
 SECTION A

1. What is meant by energy band gap in a solid ? Draw the energy band
diagrams for a conductor, an insulator and a semiconductor. 2

2. (a) Name the spectral series for a hydrogen atom which lies in the
visible region. Find the ratio of the maximum to the minimum
wavelengths of this series. 2
OR

(b) What are matter waves ? A proton and an alpha particle are
accelerated through the same potential difference. Find the ratio of
the de Broglie wavelength associated with the proton to that with
the alpha particle. 2

3. Name the device which converts electrical energy into light energy. Write
three advantages of the device. 2

SECTION B

4. (a) Differentiate between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.

(b) Deuterium undergoes fusion as per the reaction :

2 2 3 1
H H He n 3·27 MeV
1 1 2 0

Find the duration for which an electric bulb of 500 W can be kept
glowing by the fusion of 100 g of deuterium. 3

5. Answer the following, giving reason : 3 1=3

(a) The resistance of a p-n junction is low when it is forward biased

and is high when it is reversed biased.

(b) Doping of intrinsic semiconductors is a necessity for making

electronic devices.

(c) Photodiodes are operated in reverse bias.

.55/4/1 5 P.T.O.
6. (a) In Geiger-Marsden experiment, calculate the distance of closest
12
approach for an alpha particle with energy 2·56 10 J. Consider
that the particle approaches gold nucleus (Z = 79) in head-on
position.

(b) If the above experiment is repeated with a proton of the same

energy, then what will be the value of the distance of closest
approach ? 3

7. Briefly explain how bright and dark fringes are formed on the screen in

fringe width. 3

8. (a) (i) Draw a labelled ray diagram showing the formation of the
image at infinity by an astronomical telescope.

(ii) A telescope consists of an objective of focal length 150 cm

and an eyepiece of focal length 6·0 cm. If the final image is
formed at infinity, then calculate :
(I) the length of the tube in this adjustment, and
(II) the magnification produced. 3
OR
(b) (i) Draw a labelled ray diagram showing the formation of the
image at least distance of distinct vision by a compound
microscope.

(ii) A small object is placed at a distance of 3·0 cm from a

magnifier of focal length 4·0 cm. Find :
(I) the position of the image formed, and
(II) the linear magnification produced. 3

9. (a) Use Einstein photoelectric equation to depict the variation of the

maximum kinetic energy (Ek) of electrons emitted, with the
frequency (v) of the incident radiation.
.55/4/1 7 P.T.O.
 (b) A photosensitive surface is illuminated with a beam of (i) yellow
light, and (ii) red light, both of the same intensity.
In which case will
(I) photoelectrons have more Ek ?
(II) more numbers of electrons be emitted ?
Justify your answer in each case. 3

10. A ray of light is incident on a prism at an angle of 45 and passes

symmetrically as shown in the figure. Calculate : 3

(a) the angle of minimum deviation,

(b) the refractive index of the material of the prism, and
(c) the angle of refraction at the point P.

11. (a) Identify electromagnetic waves which :

(i) are used in radar system.
(ii) affect a photographic plate.
(iii) are used in surgery.

Write their frequency range. 3

OR
(b) A plane wavefront is propagating from a rarer into a denser
medium. Use Huygens principle to show the refracted wavefront
and verify 3

.55/4/1 9 P.T.O.
 SECTION C

12. Two transparent media of refractive indices n1 and n2 are separated by a

spherical transparent surface. The rays of light incident on the surface
get refracted into the medium on the other side. The laws of refraction
are valid at each point of the spherical surface. A lens is a transparent
optical medium bounded by two surfaces, at least one of which should be
spherical. The focal length of a lens is determined by the radii of
curvature (R1 and R2) of its two surfaces and the refractive index (n) of
the medium of the lens with respect to the surrounding medium.
Depending on R1 and R2, a lens behaves as a diverging or a converging
lens. The ability of a lens to diverge or converge a beam of light incident
on it defines its power.

(a) An object is placed at the point B as shown in the figure. The object
distance (u) and the image distance (v) are related as

1 1 n2 n1 1
(i)
v u n1 R

1 1 n1 n2 1
(ii)
v u n2 R

n2 n1 (n 2 n1 )
(iii)
v u R
n1 n2 (n 1 n2 )
(iv)
v u R

.55/4/1 11 P.T.O.
 (b)
spherical refracting surface of radius of curvature R. If the medium
on the other side of the surface is glass, then the image is :

(i) real and formed in glass.

(ii) real and formed in air.

(iii) virtual and formed in glass.

(iv) virtual and formed in air.

(c) An object is kept at 2F in front of an equiconvex lens. The image

formed is :

(i) real and of the size of the object.

(ii) virtual and of the size of the object.

(iii) real and enlarged.

(iv) virtual and diminished.

(d) A thin converging lens of focal length 10 cm and a thin diverging

lens of focal length 20 cm are placed coaxially in contact. The
power of the combination is :

(i) 5D

(ii) +5D

(iii) + 15 D

(iv) 15 D

.55/4/1 13 P.T.O.
 (e) An equiconcave f
along the dotted line as shown in the figure. The focal length of
each part will be :

f
(i)
4

f
(ii)
2

(iii) f

(iv) 2f 5 1=5

.55/4/1 15 P.T.O.
 SECTION A

1.
axis, experiences a force F
on the charge will be :
F F F F
(a) (b) (c) (d)
16 8 4 2

2. For a metallic conductor, the correct representation of variation of

resistance R with temperature T is :

(a) (b) (c) (d)

3. The potential difference across a cell in an open circuit is 8 V. It falls to

4 V when a current of 4 A is drawn from it. The internal resistance of the
cell is :
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1

4. A steady current flows through a metallic wire whose area of

cross-section (A) increases continuously from one end of the wire to the
other. The magnitude of drift velocity (vd) of the free electrons as a

(a) (b) (c) (d)

5. A diamagnetic substance is brought near the north or south pole of a bar

magnet. It will be :
(a) repelled by both the poles.
(b) attracted by both the poles.
(c) repelled by the north pole and attracted by the south pole.
(d) attracted by the north pole and repelled by the south pole.
55/1/1 Page 5 of 27 P.T.O.
6. A circular coil of radius 8 0 cm and 40 turns is rotated about its vertical
25
diameter with an angular speed of rad s 1 in a uniform horizontal

magnetic field of magnitude 3 0 10 2 T. The maximum emf induced in

the coil is :
(a) 0·12 V (b) 0·15 V $
(c) 0·19 V (d) 0·22 V

7. Figure shows a rectangular conductor PSRQ in which movable arm PQ

of emf induced when PQ is moved with a velocity v does not depend on :

(a) magnetic field ( B ) (b) velocity ( v )

(c) resistance (r) (d) length of PQ

8. In the process of charging of a capacitor, the current produced between

the plates of the capacitor is :
d E 1 d E
(a) 0 (b)
dt 0 dt

d E 1 d E
(c) 0 (d)
dt 0 dt
where symbols have their usual meanings.

9. f
the object and its real image is :
(a) zero (b) f
(c) 2f (d) 4f
55/1/1 Page 7 of 27 P.T.O.
10. The radius of the nth orbit in Bohr model of hydrogen atom is
proportional to :
1 1
(a) (b)
n2 n

(c) n2 (d) n

11. Hydrogen atom initially in the ground state, absorbs a photon which
excites it to n = 5 level. The wavelength of the photon is :
(a) 975 nm (b) 740 nm
(c) 523 nm (d) 95 nm

12. The mass density of a nucleus of mass number A is :

(a) proportional to A1 / 3

(b) proportional to A 2 / 3

(c) proportional to A3

(d) independent of A

13. An ac source of voltage is connected in series with a p-n junction diode

and a load resistor. The correct option for output voltage across load
resistance will be :

55/1/1 Page 9 of 27 P.T.O.

14. When an intrinsic semiconductor is doped with a small amount of
trivalent impurity, then :
(a) its resistance increases.
(b) it becomes a p-type semiconductor.
(c) there will be more free electrons than holes in the semiconductor.
(d) dopant atoms become donor atoms.

15. In the energy-band diagram of n-type Si, the gap between the bottom of
the conduction band EC and the donor energy level ED is of the order of :

(a) 10 eV
(b) 1 eV

(c) 0 1 eV
(d) 0 01 eV

Questions number 16 to 18 are Assertion (A) and Reason (R) type questions. Two
statements are given one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason
(R). Select the correct answer from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the
correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not
the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is also false.

16. Assertion (A) : When a bar of copper is placed in an external magnetic

field, the field lines get concentrated inside the bar.

Reason (R) : Copper is a paramagnetic substance.

55/1/1 Page 11 of 27 P.T.O.

17. Assertion (A) : The phase difference between any two points on a
wavefront is zero.

Reason (R) : All points on a wavefront are at the same distance from
the source and thus oscillate in the same phase.

18. Assertion (A) : Photoelectric effect demonstrates the particle nature of

light.
Reason (R) : Photoelectric current is proportional to intensity of
incident radiation for frequencies more than the threshold
frequency.

SECTION B

^
19. An alpha particle is projected with velocity v = (3·0 105 m/s) i into a
^ ^
region in which magnetic field B = [(0·4 T) i + (0·3 T) j ] exists.
^ ^ ^
Calculate the acceleration of the particle in the region. i , j and k are
unit vectors along x, y and z axis respectively and charge to mass ratio
for alpha particle is 4·8 107 C/kg. 2

20. Consider an induced magnetic field due to changing electric field and an
induced electric field due to changing magnetic field. Which one is more
easily observed ? Justify your answer. 2

21. (a)
propagation of a plane wave refracting at a plane surface
separating two media. 2
OR

(b) Why is a reflecting telescope preferred over a refracting telescope ?

Justify your answer giving two reasons. 2

55/1/1 Page 13 of 27 P.T.O.

22. Two coherent monochromatic light beams of intensities I and 4 I
superpose each other. Find the ratio of maximum and minimum
intensities in the resulting beam. 2

23. The ground state energy of hydrogen atom is 13 6 eV. What is the
potential energy and kinetic energy of an electron in the third excited
state ? 2

24. (a) Differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. 2

OR
(b) Draw the circuit arrangement for studying the V I characteristics
of a p-n junction diode in forward bias and reverse bias. Show the
plot of V I characteristic of a silicon diode. 2

25. Briefly explain how the diffusion and drift currents contribute to the
formation of potential barrier in a p-n junction diode. 2

SECTION C

26. (a) Twelve negative charges of same magnitude are equally spaced and
fixed on the circumference of a circle of radius R as shown in Fig. (i).
Relative to potential being zero at infinity, find the electric potential
and electric field at the centre C of the circle.
(b) If the charges are unequally spaced and fixed on an arc of 120 of
radius R as shown in Fig. (ii), find electric potential at the centre C. 3

(i) (ii)

55/1/1 Page 15 of 27 P.T.O.

27. (a) How does the resistance differ from impedance ? With the help of a
suitable phasor diagram, obtain an expression for impedance of a
series LCR circuit, connected to a source v = vm sin t. 3
OR

(b) Find the condition for resonance in a series LCR circuit connected
to a source v = vm sin t, where can be varied. Give the factors on
which the resonant frequency of a series LCR circuit depends. Plot
a graph showing the variation of electric current with frequency in
a series LCR circuit. 3

28. A long solenoid of radius r consists of n turns per unit length. A current
I = I0 sin t flows in the solenoid. A coil of N turns is wound tightly
around it near its centre. What is :
(a) the induced emf in the coil ?
(b) the mutual inductance between the solenoid and the coil ? 3

29.
electrons from a metal surface ? Explain briefly.
Plot the variation of photocurrent with :
(a) collector plate potential for different intensity of incident radiation,
and
(b) intensity of incident radiation. 3

30. (a) Draw the energy level diagram for hydrogen atom. Mark the
transitions corresponding to the series lying in the ultraviolet
region, visible region and infrared region. 3
OR

(b) Draw a diagram to show the variation of binding energy per

nucleon with mass number for different nuclei and mention its two
features. Why do lighter nuclei usually undergo nuclear fusion ? 3

55/1/1 Page 17 of 27 P.T.O.

 SECTION D

31. (a) (i)

form, for two charges.

(ii) -square dependence on

di

(iii) Two charges A (charge q) and B (charge 2q) are located at

^ ^
points (0, 0) and (a, a) respectively. Let i and j be the unit
vectors along x-axis and y-axis respectively. Find the force
^ ^
exerted by A on B, in terms of i and j . 5

OR

(b) (i) Derive an expression for the electric field at a point on the
equatorial plane of an electric dipole consisting of charges q
and q separated by a distance 2a.

(ii) The distance of a far off point on the equatorial plane of an

electric dipole is halved. How will the electric field be affected
for the dipole ?

(iii) Two identical electric dipoles are placed along the diagonals of
a square ABCD of side 2 m as shown in the figure. Obtain
the magnitude and direction of the net electric field at the
centre (O) of the square. 5

55/1/1 Page 19 of 27 P.T.O.

32. (a) (i) State Biot-
carrying element. Use this law to obtain an expression for the

current loop indicating the direction of magnetic field.

(ii) An electron is revolving around the nucleus in a circular orbit

7 10
with a speed of 10 m s 1. If the radius of the orbit is 10 m,
find the current constituted by the revolving electron in the
orbit. 5

OR

(b) (i) Derive an expression for the force acting on a current carrying
straight conductor kept in a magnetic field. State the rule
which is used to find the direction of this force. Give the
condition under which this force is (1) maximum, and
(2) minimum.

(ii) Two long parallel straight wires A and B are 2 5 cm apart in

air. They carry 5 0 A and 2 5 A currents respectively in
opposite directions. Calculate the magnitude of the force
exerted by wire A on a 10 cm length of wire B. 5

33. (a) (i) (1) Write two points of difference between an interference
pattern and a diffraction pattern.

(2) Name any two factors on which the fringe width in a

-slit experiment depends.

55/1/1 Page 21 of 27 P.T.O.

 (ii) In Y -slit experiment, the two slits are separated
by a distance equal to 100 times the wavelength of light that
passes through the slits. Calculate :

(1) the angular separation in radians between the central

maximum and the adjacent maximum.

(2) the distance between these two maxima on a screen

50 cm from the slits. 5

OR

(b) (i) A spherical surface of radius of curvature R separates two

media of refractive indices n1 and n2. A point object is placed
in front of the surface at distance u in medium of refractive
index n1 and its image is formed by the surface at distance v,
in the medium of refractive index n2. Derive a relation
between u and v.

(ii) A solid glass sphere of radius 6 0 cm has a small air bubble

trapped at a distance 3 0 cm from its centre C as shown in the
figure. The refractive index of the material of the sphere is
1 5. Find the apparent position of this bubble when seen
through the surface of the sphere from an outside point E in
air. 5

55/1/1 Page 23 of 27 P.T.O.

 SECTION E

34. The following figure shows a circuit diagram. We can find the currents

through and potential differences across different resistors using

Kirchhoff

Answer the following questions based on the above :

(a) Which points are at the same potential in the circuit ? 1

(b) What is the current through arm bg ? 1

(c) Find the potential difference across resistance R3. 2

OR

(c) What is the power dissipated in resistance R2 ? 2

55/1/1 Page 25 of 27 P.T.O.

35. Strontium titanate is a rare oxide a natural mineral found in Siberia.
It is used as a substitute for diamond because its refractive index and
critical angle are 2 41 and 24 5 , respectively, which are approximately
equal to the refractive index and critical angle of diamond. It has all the
properties of diamond. Even an expert jeweller is unable to differentiate
between diamond and strontium titanate. A ray of light is incident
normally on one face of an equilateral triangular prism ABC made of
strontium titanate.

Answer the following questions based on the above :

(a) Trace the path of the ray showing its passage through the prism. 1

(b) Find the velocity of light through the prism. 1

(c) Briefly explain two applications of total internal reflection. 2

OR

(c) Define total internal reflection of light. Give two conditions for it. 2

55/1/1 Page 27 of 27 P.T.O.

 SECTION A

1. Two charges q1 and q2 are placed at the centres of two spherical

conducting shells of radius r1 and r2 respectively. The shells are arranged
such that their centres are d [ > (r1 + r2)] distance apart. The force on q2
due to q1 is :
1 q1q 2 1 q 1q 2
(a) (b)
4 0 d2 4 0 (d r1 )2
1 q 1q 2
(c) Zero (d)
4 [d (r1 r2 )]2
0
2. An electron enters a uniform magnetic field with speed v. It describes a
semicircular path and comes out of the field. The final speed of the
electron is :
v
(a) Zero (b) v (c) (d) 2v
2
3. The magnetic field lines near a substance are as shown in the figure. The
substance is :

(a) Copper (b) Iron (c) Sodium (d) Aluminium

4. The figure shows variation of current (I) with time (t) in four devices P,
Q, R and S. The device in which an alternating current flows is :

(a) P (b) Q (c) R (d) S

55/4/1 Page 5 of 27 P.T.O.

5. The electromagnetic waves used in radar systems are :
(a) Infrared waves (b) Ultraviolet rays
(c) Microwaves (d) X-rays

6. -slit experiment, the fringe width is found to be . If

the entire apparatus is immersed in a liquid of refractive index , the
new fringe width will be :
(a) (b) (c) (d) 2

7. Photons of energy 3·2 eV are incident on a photosensitive surface. If the

stopping potential for the emitted electrons is 1·5 V, the work function for
the surface is :
(a) 1·5 eV (b) 1·7 eV (c) 3·2 eV (d) 4·7 eV
8. Which of the following statements is not true for nuclear forces ?
(a) They are stronger than Coulomb forces.
(b) They have about the same magnitude for different pairs of nucleons.
(c) They are always attractive.
(d) They saturate as the separation between two nucleons increases.
9. The direction of induced current in the loop abc is :

(a) along abc if I decreases

(b) along acb if I increases
(c) along abc if I is constant
(d) along abc if I increases
10. An ac voltage v = v0 sin t is applied to a series combination of a resistor
R and an element X. The instantaneous current in the circuit is
I = I0 sin ( t + ). Then which of the following is correct ?
4
(a) X is a capacitor and XC = 2 R
(b) X is an inductor and XL = R
(c) X is an inductor and XL = 2 R
(d) X is a capacitor and XC = R

55/4/1 Page 7 of 27 P.T.O.

11. A plane wavefront is incident on a concave mirror of radius of curvature
R. The radius of the refracted wavefront will be :
R R
(a) 2R (b) R (c) (d)
2 4
12. A proton and an alpha particle have the same kinetic energy. The ratio of
de Broglie wavelengths associated with the proton to that with the alpha
particle is :
1
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 2 2 (d)
2
13. The potential energy of an electron in the second excited state in
hydrogen atom is :
(a) 3·4 eV (b) 3·02 eV (c) 1·51 eV (d) 6·8 eV

14. The difference in mass of 7X nucleus and total mass of its constituent
nucleons is 21·00 u. The binding energy per nucleon for this nucleus is
equal to the energy equivalent of :
(a) 3u (b) 3·5 u (c) 7u (d) 21 u
15. The threshold voltage for a p-n junction diode used in the circuit is 0·7 V.
The type of biasing and current in the circuit are :

(a) Forward biasing, 0 A (b) Reverse biasing, 0 A

(c) Forward biasing, 5 mA (d) Reverse biasing, 2 mA

Questions number 16 to 18 are Assertion (A) and Reason (R) type questions. Two
statements are given one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason
(R). Select the correct answer from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the
correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not
the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is also false.
55/4/1 Page 9 of 27 P.T.O.
16. Assertion (A) : When three electric bulbs of power 200 W, 100 W and
50 W are connected in series to a source, the power
consumed by the 50 W bulb is maximum.
Reason (R) : In a series circuit, current is the same through each bulb,
but the potential difference across each bulb is different.

17. Assertion (A) : A current carrying square loop made of a wire of length L
is placed in a magnetic field. It experiences a torque
which is greater than the torque on a circular loop made
of the same wire carrying the same current in the same
magnetic field.
Reason (R) : A square loop occupies more area than a circular loop,
both made of wire of the same length.

18. Assertion (A) : s is

greater than the number density of holes but the crystal
maintains an overall charge neutrality.
Reason (R) : The charge of electrons donated by donor atoms is just
equal and opposite to that of the ionised donor.

SECTION B

19. Two identical dipoles are arranged in x-y plane as shown in the figure.
Find the magnitude and the direction of net electric field at the origin O. 2

55/4/1 Page 11 of 27 P.T.O.

20. Write two differences between the emf and terminal potential difference
of a cell. What is the most important precaution that one should take
while drawing current from a cell ? 2

21. A small magnetised needle P is placed at the origin of x-y plane with its
magnetic moment pointing along the y-axis. Another identical
magnetised needle Q is placed in two positions, one by one.

Case 1 : at (a, 0) with its magnetic moment pointing along x-axis.

Case 2 : at (0, a) with its magnetic moment pointing along y-axis.
(a) In which case is the potential energy of P and Q minimum ?
(b) In which case is P and Q not in equilibrium ?
Justify your answers. 2

22. (a) What is a displacement current ? How is it different from a

conduction current ? 2
OR

(b) Write any two characteristics of an electromagnetic wave. Why are

microwaves used in radar systems ? 2
1
23. The figure shows v2 versus graph for photoelectrons emitted from a
m
surface where vm is the maximum speed of electrons and is the

work function of the surface. 2

55/4/1 Page 13 of 27 P.T.O.

24. Draw the graph showing the variation of binding energy per nucleon with
mass number A of nuclei (2 < A < 170). Use this graph to explain the
release of energy in nuclear fission. 2

25. (a) Obtain an expression for electrostatic potential energy of a system

of three charges q, 2q and 3q placed at the vertices of an
equilateral triangle of side a. 2

OR
(b) Two small conducting balls A and B of radius r1 and r2 have
charges q1 and q2 respectively. They are connected by a wire.
Obtain the expression for charges on A and B, in equilibrium. 2

SECTION C

26. Two circular loops A and B, each of radius 3 m, are placed coaxially at a
distance of 4 m. They carry currents of 3 A and 2 A in opposite directions
respectively. Find the net magnetic field at the centre of loop A. 3

27. (a) The figure shows the variation of induced emf as a function of rate of
change of current for two identical solenoids X and Y. One is air
cored and the other is iron cored. Which one of them is iron cored ?
Why ?

(b) Obtain an expression for self-inductance of a long solenoid of length

L and cross-sectional area A having N turns. 3

55/4/1 Page 15 of 27 P.T.O.

 250
28. (a) A resistor of 30 and a capacitor of F are connected in series

to a 200 V, 50 Hz ac source. Calculate (i) the current in the circuit,

and (ii) voltage drops across the resistor and the capacitor. (iii) Is
the algebraic sum of these voltages more than the source voltage ?
If yes, solve the paradox. 3
OR

(b) A series LCR circuit with R = 20 , L = 2 H and C = 50 F is

connected to a 200 volts ac source of variable frequency. What is
(i) the amplitude of the current, and (ii) the average power
transferred to the circuit in one complete cycle, at resonance ?
(iii) Calculate the potential drop across the capacitor. 3

29. (a) (i) In diffraction due to a single slit, the phase difference between
light waves reaching a point on the screen is 5 . Explain
whether a bright or a dark fringe will be formed at the point.
(ii) What should the width (a) of each slit be to obtain eight
maxima of two double-slit patterns (slit separation d) within
the central maximum of the single slit pattern ?
(iii) Draw the plot of intensity distribution in a diffraction pattern
due to a single slit. 3
OR
(b) (i) In a uble-slit experiment SS2 SS1 =, where S1
4
and S2 are the two slits as shown in the figure. Find the path
difference (S2P S1P) for constructive and destructive
interference at P.

55/4/1 Page 17 of 27 P.T.O.

 (ii) What is the effect on the interference fringes in a
double-slit experiment, if the monochromatic source S is
replaced by a source of white light ? 3

30. Briefly explain Geiger-Marsden experiment. Show the variation of the

number of particles scattered (N) with scattering angle ( ) in this
experiment. What is the main conclusion that can be inferred from this
plot ? 3

SECTION D

31. (a) (i) Define mobility of electrons. Give its SI units.

(ii) A steady current flows through a wire AB, as shown in the
figure. What happens to the electric field and the drift velocity
along the wire ? Justify your answer.

(iii) Consider the circuit shown in the figure. Find the effective
resistance of the circuit and the current drawn from the
battery. 5

OR

55/4/1 Page 19 of 27 P.T.O.

 (b) (i) Define electrical conductivity of a wire. Give its SI unit.

(ii) High current is to be drawn safely from (1) a low-voltage

battery, and (2) a high-voltage battery. What can you say
about the internal resistance of the two batteries ?

(iii) Calculate the total energy supplied by the batteries to the

circuit shown in the figure, in one minute. 5

32. (a) (i) Draw a ray diagram to show how the final image is formed at
infinity in an astronomical refracting telescope. Obtain an
expression for its magnifying power.

(ii) Two thin lenses L1 and L2, L1 being a convex lens of focal
length 24 cm and L2 a concave lens of focal length 18 cm are
placed coaxially at a separation of 45 cm. A 1 cm tall object is
placed in front of the lens L1 at a distance of 36 cm. Find the
location and height of the image formed by the combination. 5

OR

(b) (i) Explain the working principle of an optical fibre with the help
of a diagram. Mention one use of a light pipe.

55/4/1 Page 21 of 27 P.T.O.

 (ii) A ray of light is incident at an angle of 60 on one face of a
prism with the prism angle A = 60 . The ray passes
symmetrically through the prism. Find the angle of minimum

deviation ( m) and refractive index of the material of the

prism. If the prism is immersed in water, how will m be
affected ? Justify your answer. 5

33. (a) (i) A germanium crystal is doped with antimony. With the help of
energy-band diagram, explain how the conductivity of the
doped crystal is affected.

(ii) Briefly explain the two processes involved in the formation of a

p-n junction.

(iii) What will the effect of (1) forward biasing, and (2) reverse

biasing be on the width of depletion layer in a p-n junction

diode ? 5

OR

(b) (i) With the help of a circuit diagram, briefly explain the working

of a full-wave rectifier using p-n junction diodes.

(ii) Draw V I characteristics of a p-n junction diode. Explain

how these characteristics make a diode suitable for

rectification.

(iii) Carbon and silicon have the same lattice structure. Then why

is carbon an insulator but silicon a semiconductor ? 5

55/4/1 Page 23 of 27 P.T.O.

 SECTION E

34. Electrostatics deals with the study of forces, fields and potentials arising
from static charges. Force and electric field, due to a point charge is

us to find the electric field. A charge/a system of charges like a dipole

experience a force/torque in an electric field. Work is required to be done
to provide a specific orientation to a dipole with respect to an electric
field.

Answer the following questions based on the above :

(a) Consider a uniformly charged thin conducting shell of radius R. Plot

a graph showing the variation of | E | with distance r from the
centre, for points 0 r 3R. 1

1
(b) The figure shows the variation of potential V with for two point
r
charges Q1 and Q2, where V is the potential at a distance r due to a
Q
point charge. Find 1 . 1
Q2

55/4/1 Page 25 of 27 P.T.O.

 (c) An electric dipole of dipole moment of 6 10 7 C-m is kept in a
4
uniform electric field of 10 N/C such that the dipole moment and
the electric field are parallel. Calculate the potential energy of the
dipole. 2
OR
(c) An electric dipole of dipole moment p is initially kept in a uniform

electric field E such that p is perpendicular to E . Find the

amount of work done in rotating the dipole to a position at which p

becomes antiparallel to E . 2

35. The lens m s formula is useful to design lenses of desired focal

lengths using surfaces of suitable radii of curvature. The focal length also
depends on the refractive index of the material of the lens and the
surrounding medium. The refractive index depends on the wavelength of
the light used. The power of a lens is related to its focal length.

Answer the following questions based on the above :

(a) How will the power of a lens be affected with an increase of

wavelength of light ? 1

(b) The radius of curvature of two surfaces of a convex lens is R each.

For what value of of its material will its focal length become equal
to R ? 1

(c) The focal length of a concave lens of = 1·5 is 20 cm in air. It is

4
completely immersed in water of = . Calculate its focal length in
3
water. 2
OR
(c) An object is placed in front of a lens which forms its erect image of
magnification 3. The power of the lens is 5 D. Calculate the distance
of the object and the image from the lens. 2

55/4/1 Page 27 of 27 P.T.O.

 SECTION A

1. A thin plastic rod is bent into a circular ring of radius R. It is uniformly

charged with charge density . The magnitude of the electric field at its
centre is :

(A) (B) Zero (C) (D)

2 0R 4 R 4 0R
0

2. Ten capacitors, each of capacitance 1 µF, are connected in parallel to a

source of 100 V. The total energy stored in the system is equal to :
(A) 10 2 J (B) 10 3 J
(C) 0·5 10 3 J (D) 5·0 10 2 J

3. Consider the circuit shown in the figure. The potential difference between
points A and B is :

(A) 6V (B) 8V (C) 9 V (D) 12 V

4. A loop carrying a current I clockwise is placed in x y plane, in a uniform

magnetic field directed along z-axis. The tendency of the loop will be to :
(A) move along x-axis (B) move along y-axis
(C) shrink (D) expand

5. A 10 cm long wire lies along y-axis. It carries a current of 1.0 A in

^ ^
positive y-direction. A magnetic field B = (5 mT) j (8 mT) k exists in
the region. The force on the wire is :
^ ^
(A) (0·8 mN) i (B) (0·8 mN) i
^ ^
(C) (80 mN) i (D) (80 mN) i

11-55/1/1 5 P.T.O.
6. A galvanometer of resistance G is converted into an ammeter of range
0 to I A. If the current through the galvanometer is 0.1% of I A, the
resistance of the ammeter is :
G G G G
(A) (B) (C) (D)
999 1000 1001 100·1
7. The reactance of a capacitor of capacitance C connected to an ac source of
frequency nce of the capacitor is doubled and the
frequency of the source is tripled, the reactance will become :
X 2 3
(A) (B) 6X (C) X (D) X
6 3 2
8. In the four regions, I, II, III and IV, the electric fields are described as :
Region I : Ex = E0 sin (kz t)
Region II : Ex = E0
Region III : Ex = E0 sin kz
Region IV : Ex = E0 cos kz
The displacement current will exist in the region :
(A) I (B) IV (C) II (D) III
9. The transition of electron that gives rise to the formation of the second
spectral line of the Balmer series in the spectrum of hydrogen atom
corresponds to :
(A) nf = 2 and ni = 3 (B) nf = 3 and ni = 4
(C) nf = 2 and ni = 4 (D) nf = 2 and ni =

10. Ge is doped with As. Due to doping,

(A) the structure of Ge lattice is distorted.
(B) the number of conduction electrons increases.
(C) the number of holes increases.
(D) the number of conduction electrons decreases.
11. Two beams, A and B whose photon energies are 3·3 eV and 11·3 eV
respectively, illuminate a metallic surface (work function 2·3 eV)
successively. The ratio of maximum speed of electrons emitted due to
beam A to that due to beam B is :
1 1
(A) 3 (B) 9 (C) (D)
3 9

11-55/1/1 7 P.T.O.
12. The waves associated with a moving electron and a moving proton have
the same wavelength . It implies that they have the same :
(A) momentum (B) angular momentum
(C) speed (D) energy

Questions number 13 to 16 are Assertion (A) and Reason (R) type questions. Two
statements are given one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason
(R). Select the correct answer from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below.
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the
correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not
the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is also false.

13. Assertion (A) : In photoelectric effect, the kinetic energy of the emitted
photoelectrons increases with increase in the intensity of
the incident light.
Reason (R) : Photoelectric current depends on the wavelength of the
incident light.

14. Assertion (A) : The mutual inductance between two coils is maximum
when the coils are wound on each other.
Reason (R) : The flux linkage between two coils is maximum when
they are wound on each other.

15. Assertion (A) : Two long parallel wires, freely suspended and connected
in series to a battery, move apart.
Reason (R) : Two wires carrying current in opposite directions repel
each other.

16. Assertion (A) : Plane and convex mirrors cannot produce real images
under any circumstance.
Reason (R) : A virtual image cannot serve as an object to produce a
real image.

11-55/1/1 9 P.T.O.
 SECTION B

17. Find the temperature at which the resistance of a wire made of

silver will be twice its resistance at 20 C. Take 20 C as the
reference temperature and temperature coefficient of resistance of silver
at 20 C = 4·0 10 3 K 1. 2

18. (a) Monochromatic light of frequency 5·0 1014 Hz passes from air
into a medium of refractive index 1·5. Find the wavelength of the
light (i) reflected, and (ii) refracted at the interface of the two
media. 2
OR

(b) A plano-convex lens of focal length 16 cm is made of a material of

refractive index 1.4. Calculate the radius of the curved surface of
the lens. 2

19. An object is placed 30 cm in front of a concave mirror of radius of

curvature 40 cm. Find the (i) position of the image formed and
(ii) magnification of the image. 2

20. Consider a neutron (mass m) of kinetic energy E and a photon of the

same energy. Let n and p be the de Broglie wavelength of neutron and

the wavelength of photon respectively. Obtain an expression for n . 2

p

21. Plot a graph showing the variation of current with voltage for the
material GaAs. On the graph, mark the region where : 2

(a) resistance is negative, and

(b)
11-55/1/1 11 P.T.O.
 SECTION C

22. A cube of side 0·1 m is placed, as shown in the figure, in a region where
^
electric field E = 500 x i exists. Here x is in meters and E in NC 1.
Calculate : 3
(a) the flux passing through the cube, and
(b) the charge within the cube.

23. (a) Define current density . Is it a scalar or a vector ? An electric field

E is maintained in a metallic conductor. If n be the number of
electrons (mass m, charge e) per unit volume in the conductor
and its relaxation time, show that the current density j = E,
ne 2
where = . 3
m

OR

(b) What is a Wheatstone bridge ? Obtain the necessary conditions

under which the Wheatstone bridge is balanced. 3

24. A proton with kinetic energy 1·3384 10 14 J moving horizontally from

north to south, enters a uniform magnetic field B of 2·0 mT directed
eastward. Calculate : 3
(a) the speed of the proton
(b) the magnitude of acceleration of the proton
(c) the radius of the path traced by the proton
[Take (q /m) for proton = 1·0 108 C/kg]
11-55/1/1 13 P.T.O.
25. An inductor, a capacitor and a resistor are connected in series with an
ac source v = vm sin t. Derive an expression for the average power
dissipated in the circuit. Also obtain the expression for the resonant
frequency of the circuit. 3

26. (a)

examples to justify this statement.

(b) (i) Long distance radio broadcasts use short-wave bands. Why ?
(ii) Optical and radio telescopes are built on the ground, but
X-ray astronomy is possible only from satellites orbiting the
Earth. Why ? 3

27. Write the drawbacks of Rutherfor

them 3

28. (a) State any two properties of a nucleus.

(b) Why is the density of a nucleus much more than that of an atom ?
(c) Show that the density of the nuclear matter is the same for all
nuclei. 3

SECTION D

Questions number 29 and 30 are case study-based questions. Read the following
paragraphs and answer the questions that follow.

29. A lens is a transparent medium bounded by two surfaces, with one or

both surfaces being spherical. The focal length of a lens is determined by
the radii of curvature of its two surfaces and the refractive index of its
medium with respect to that of the surrounding medium. The power of a
lens is reciprocal of its focal length. If a number of lenses are kept in
contact, the power of the combination is the algebraic sum of the powers
of the individual lenses.

11-55/1/1 15 P.T.O.
 (i) A double-convex lens, with each face having same radius of
curvature R, is made of glass of refractive index n. Its power is : 1
2 (n 1) (2n 1)
(A) (B)
R R
(n 1) (2n 1)
(C) (D)
2R 2R

(ii) A double-convex lens of power P, with each face having same

radius of curvature, is cut into two equal parts perpendicular to its
principal axis. The power of one part of the lens will be : 1
P
(A) 2P (B) P (C) 4P (D)
2
(iii) The above two parts are kept in contact with each other as shown
in the figure. The power of the combination will be : 1

P P
(A) (B) P (C) 2P (D)
2 4

(iv) (a) A double-convex lens of power P, with each face having same
radius of curvature, is cut along its principal axis. The two
parts are arranged as shown in the figure. The power of the
combination will be : 1

(A) Zero (B) P

P
(C) 2P (D)
2
OR
(b) Two convex lenses of focal lengths 60 cm and 20 cm are held
coaxially in contact with each other. The power of the
combination is : 1
(A) 6·6 D (B) 15 D
1 1
(C) D (D) D
15 80
11-55/1/1 17 P.T.O.
30. Junction Diode as a Rectifier :
The process of conversion of an ac voltage into a dc voltage is called
rectification and the device which performs this conversion is called a
rectifier. The characteristics of a p-n junction diode reveal that when a
p-n junction diode is forward biased, it offers a low resistance and when it
is reverse biased, it offers a high resistance. Hence, a p-n junction diode
conducts only when it is forward biased. This property of a p-n junction
diode makes it suitable for its use as a rectifier.
Thus, when an ac voltage is applied across a p-n junction, it conducts
only during those alternate half cycles for which it is forward biased. A
rectifier which rectifies only half cycle of an ac voltage is called a
half-wave rectifier and one that rectifies both the half cycles is known as
a full-wave rectifier.
(i) The root mean square value of an alternating voltage applied to a
V
full-wave rectifier is 0 . Then the root mean square value of the
2
rectified output voltage is : 1
V0 V02
(A) (B)
2 2
2 V0 V0
(C) (D)
2 2 2

(ii) In a full-wave rectifier, the current in each of the diodes flows for : 1
(A) Complete cycle of the input signal
(B) Half cycle of the input signal
(C) Less than half cycle of the input signal
(D) Only for the positive half cycle of the input signal
(iii) In a full-wave rectifier : 1
(A) Both diodes are forward biased at the same time.
(B) Both diodes are reverse biased at the same time.
(C) One is forward biased and the other is reverse biased at the
same time.
(D) Both are forward biased in the first half of the cycle and
reverse biased in the second half of the cycle.
11-55/1/1 19 P.T.O.
 (iv) (a) An alternating voltage of frequency of 50 Hz is applied to a
half-wave rectifier. Then the ripple frequency of the output
will be : 1
(A) 100 Hz (B) 50 Hz
(C) 25 Hz (D) 150 Hz

OR

(b) A signal, as shown in the figure, is applied to a p-n junction

diode. Identify the output across resistance RL : 1

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

11-55/1/1 21 P.T.O.
 SECTION E

31. (a) (i) Derive an expression for potential energy of an electric

dipole p in an external uniform electric field E . When is
the potential energy of the dipole (1) maximum, and
(2) minimum ?

(ii) An electric dipole consists of point charges 1·0 pC and

+ 1·0 pC located at (0, 0) and (3 mm, 4 mm) respectively in
1000 V ^
x y plane. An electric field E = i is switched on
m
in the region. Find the torque acting on the dipole. 5

OR

^
(b) (i) An electric dipole (dipole moment p = p i ), consisting of

charges q and q, separated by distance 2a, is placed along

the x-axis, with its centre at the origin. Show that the
potential V, due to this dipole, at a point x, (x >> a) is equal
^
1 p. i
to . .
4 0 x2

(ii) Two isolated metallic spheres S1 and S2 of radii 1 cm and

3 cm respectively are charged such that both have the same
2
charge density 10 9 C / m2 . They are placed far away

from each other and connected by a thin wire. Calculate the

new charge on sphere S1. 5

32. (a) (i) A resistor and a capacitor are connected in series to an ac

source v = vm sin t. Derive an expression for the impedance
of the circuit.

(ii) When does an inductor act as a conductor in a circuit ? Give

reason for it.

11-55/1/1 23 P.T.O.
 (iii) An electric lamp is designed to operate at 110 V dc and
11 A current. If the lamp is operated on 220 V, 50 Hz
ac source with a coil in series, then find the inductance of
the coil. 5

OR

(b) (i) Draw a labelled diagram of a step-up transformer and

describe its working principle. Explain any three causes for
energy losses in a real transformer.

(ii) A step-up transformer converts a low voltage into high

voltage. Does it violate the principle of conservation of
energy ? Explain.

(iii) A step-up transformer has 200 and 3000 turns in its

primary and secondary coils respectively. The input voltage
given to the primary coil is 90 V. Calculate :

(1) The output voltage across the secondary coil

(2) The current in the primary coil if the current in the

secondary coil is 2·0 A. 5

33. (a) (i) A ray of light passes through a triangular prism. Show
graphically, how the angle of deviation varies with the angle
of incidence ? Hence define the angle of minimum deviation.

(ii) A ray of light is incident normally on a refracting face of a

prism of prism angle A and suffers a deviation of angle .
Prove that the refractive index n of the material of the prism
sin ( A )
is given by n .
sin A

11-55/1/1 25 P.T.O.
 (iii) The refractive index of the material of a prism is 2 . If the
refracting angle of the prism is 60 , find the

(1) Angle of minimum deviation, and

(2) Angle of incidence. 5

OR

(b) (i) State Huygens principle. A plane wave is incident at an

angle i on a reflecting surface. Construct the corresponding
reflected wavefront. Using this diagram, prove that the
angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence.

(ii) What are the coherent sources of light ? Can two

independent sodium lamps act like coherent sources ?
Explain.

(iii) A beam of light consisting of a known wavelength 520 nm

and an unknown wavelength
experiment produces two interference patterns such that the
fourth bright fringe of unknown wavelength coincides with
the fifth bright fringe of known wavelength. Find the value
of . 5

11-55/1/1 27 P.T.O.