FUNDAMENTALS OF HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM

"The most beautiful in this world is, of course, the world itself."
- Wallace Stevens

UNLOCKING CONTENT AREA VOCABULARY

- the hospitality and tourism industry is a vast sector that includes all the economic activities that directly or indirectly
contributes to or depends upon travel and tourism. This industry sector included Hotels and Resorts, Restaurants and
Catering, and Clubs and Bars.

- Tourism is the act and process of spending time away from home for recreation, relaxation, and pleasure while
using the commercial provision of services
- Hospitality is the activity or business of providing services to guests in hotels, restaurants, bars, and other areas
where people go to eat or relax
- Accommodation is the act of providing what is needed or desired for convenience to guests
- Travel is to move or transfer from one place to another for an important purpose

FUNDAMENTALS OF TOURISM INDUSTRY

Why do people travel?

Many would answer for business, some for leisure, and others would say for education.

TYPES AND FORMS OF TOURISM

A. Based on the point of origin

1. DOMESTIC TOURISM
- residents travel within their country of residence.
- more difficult to measure than the other kind because there are rarely currency, language, or visa implications

2. INTERNATIONAL TOURISM
- involves travel outside the country of residence

B. Based on travel arrangements

1. INCLUSIVE TOUR
- accommodations, fare, food, and amenities are purchased together, and one price is paid

2. INDEPENDENT TRAVEL
- when needed components like accommodation, fare, food, and amenities are purchased separately

3. TAILOR-MADE TRAVEL
- a combination of inclusive and independent travel, and the internet may be used for bookings and payments

C. Based on the purpose of travel

1. Leisure and recreation include visiting other places during weekends, holidays, or free time to visit friends and
relatives, exploring other places for cultural tourism, and leisure and sports activities like swimming, hiking, and biking
to de-stress and rejuvenate.

2. Study travel includes visiting another place or country to learn or apply skills learned inside the classroom in a
different environment, such as in the Practicum Training Program.
3. Health tourism is a wider term for travel that focused on medical treatments and the use of healthcare serviced. It
covers a wide field of health-oriented tourism, ranging from preventive and health conductive treatment to
rehabilitation and curative forms of travel. Wellness tourism is a related field.

4. Business and professional tourism involves traveling to a destination away from home or a normal workplace.
Some types of business tourism are incentive travel, exhibitions, travel fairs, conferences and meetings, and
corporate events.

5. Religious tourism involves traveling to another country as a pilgrim.

Career and Business Opportunities

1.​ Cruise Agent

a.​ They work for cruise liners and travel agencies to help guests book vacations that meet their
budget and travel interests.
2.​ Sports Center Manager/Leisure Manager
a.​ They conduct daily activities at sports complexes and recreational facilities with gyms, pools, and
activity rooms
3.​ Food Truck Manager
a.​ They oversee the daily operations of food trucks at tourist attractions and unique event venues.
They may be responsible for coordinating work schedules, obtaining food service licenses in
different areas, and ordering food inventory as needed.
4.​ Pastry Chef
a.​ They specialize in making various pastries and other desserts for bakeries, restaurants, and
patisseries.
(NOT PASTRY MANAGER PLEASE DONT MAKE THE SAME MISTAKE I DID)
5.​ Airport Manager/Aviation Manager
a.​ They ensure efficient operations at an airport while ensuring that all airlines follow FAA (Federal
Aviation Administration) guidelines.
6.​ Spa Manager
a.​ They lead daily operations at spa facilities. Their duties include hiring and training spa employees
and maintaining an up-to-date inventory products.
7.​ Hotel Assistant General Manager
a.​ They support the job duties of the hotel's general manager. They help the available manager
interview job candidates, make hiring decisions, and coordinate training efforts for staff.
8.​ Tour Manager
a.​ They oversee tour bookers, tour guides, tour bus drivers, and marketing staff for a tour company.
9.​ Activity Manager
a.​ They work for hotels and resorts, travel companies, and cruise liners to oversee guest activities and
experience.
10.​ Hotel Sales Coordinator
a.​ They work for hotels and help create and manage their marketing and customer service strategies.
11.​ Resort Manager
a.​ They oversee the daily activities at resort facilities. They typically monitor the resort's housekeeping
and finances.
12.​ Travel Agent
 a.​ They work for travel agencies or as self-employed individuals to help clients book transport and
hotel accommodations.
13.​ Catering Manager
a.​ They oversee a kitchen and server staff team for a catering company or event venue.
14.​ Entertainment Manager
a.​ They collaborate with resorts, cruise liners, hotels, and other accommodations to book entertainers.
15.​ Guest Services Manager
a.​ They assist hotel guests with their needs from when they check in to when they check out.
16.​ Director of Housekeeping
a.​ They work for a hotel, cruise line, or resort and manage its housekeeping staff.
17.​ Park Manager
a.​ They work at public and amusement parks and help develop marketing and promotional strategies
to increase visitors.
18.​ Food Service Director
a.​ They work for hotels, cruises, and other accommodations to oversee food service operations for
guests. Their job duties include developing a budget for food inventory and supplies, relaying​
Information to managers and kitchen staff, approving Menus and ensuring the quality of the
operations.
19.​ Travel Consultant
a.​ They assist individuals, educational institutions, and corporations with their travel needs.

Issues, Challenges, Trends, and Innovations in the hospitality and tourism industry

1. Explicitation
●​ Top issues that will influence the global hospitality industry in the year ahead include sustainable
development calls for green hospitality, labor costs, multicultural issues, and higher education.
●​ Challenges that face hospitality will include operating issues, marketing issues, technological issues, and
economic issues.
●​ Identified ten key trends that, taken together, we believe will shape the hospitality sector this year and for
years to come including rapid growth in vacation ownership, integration & globalization, and new
management.

1. Issues in Hospitality Industry

A.​ Sustainable Development Calls for Green Hospitality. Going green is a hot issue in the hospitality-design
industry. The perception of green has changed; it has gone from a fringe movement to mainstream. The
basis of sustainable hospitality operation is a three-part balance, expressed as “profits, people, and planet.”
By taking those three elements into account, thus, a sustainable green hospitality development program
becomes economically viable, as well as beneficial to the community and environment.
B.​ Labor Cost Issues. In 2005, labor expenses remained the largest single expense item for hospitality
managers, accounting for 44.6 percent of total operating costs. Now, with news of union contract
negotiations, changes to immigration laws, and proposed legislation to increase the minimum wage,
hospitality managers are on edge. The interaction between hospitality guests and employees has a dramatic
impact on the customer experience and the success of the business operation. Therefore, a fine balance
must be drawn between cost controls and guest satisfaction.
 C.​ Multicultural Issues. The newest trends and topics surrounding hospitality research and development are
the management of multicultural talent and the political landscape affecting the hospitality industry. With the
development of globalization, multicultural issues are facing and disturbing industry operators. Bringing the
world together is part of what the hospitality sector does. Cultural issues have never before been such a
crucial determinant of how a large hospitality should operate. In some Asian cultures, for example, eye
contact is not sought, as it can make guests feel uncomfortable, while in Western tradition it is equated with
openness and honesty.
D.​ Higher Education. Tremendous changes are taking place in the hospitality industry which poses several
challenges for the transformation of the whole educational process including educational curricula, learning
materials, instructional practices, and education stakeholders. Education systems and institutions must take
the challenges of the knowledge economy seriously. This would, however, include restructuring the learning
process to reflect the use of information in the real world, changing the role of the educator from presenter of
pre-packaged facts to facilitator of active learning, and transforming the library specialist to an active
collaborator in curriculum planning for effective use and availability of information resources.

2. Challenges Confronting the Hospitality Industry

A.​ Operating Issues.
a.​ Labor shortages. Their impact on the industry in almost every geographic location are consistently
among the most difficult challenges noted by others.The problem of attracting and retaining
qualified workers, once an issue only in an isolated number of markets, is increasingly becoming a
global challenge. Demography, wage levels, failure to adequately address worker satisfaction, and
a reputation for long hours and low pay are all cited as contributing factors.
b.​ Cost containment. The idea of “doing more with less” requires managers to think about ways to
operate more effectively (in other words to “do the right things in the right way”) and to examine
possibilities for cost savings that will not affect the guest’s perception of value
c.​ Increased Competition. Hotels everywhere indicate that their community is overbuilt; there are too
many available hospitality rooms relative to the guests desiring to rent them. The resulting
competition, which often involves price cutting in efforts to provide greater value to guests, reduces
still further the profits generated.
B.​ Marketing Issues
a.​ Market Segmentation and Overlapping Brands. Market segmentation is increasing as lodging
chains focus on a specific niche. of travelers. Additionally, brands overlap. Some industry observers
are concerned that franchisers may expand their number of brands to the point that investors who
purchase from the same franchiser will be in direct competition with themselves.
b.​ Increased Guest Sophistication. Consumers have become more sophisticated and, as a result,
so have the types of products and services that they desire. Amenities, if not carefully selected,
may not appeal to guests.
C.​ Technological Issues
a.​ Interactive Reservation Systems. Guests can now use the Internet’s interactive reservation
systems, and hospitality companies are sometimes criticized for the (alleged) large number of
keyboard clicks required to make a reservation.
b.​ Guest-room Innovations. Multiple telephone lines, interactive opportunities for ordering room
service, and guest-room check-out are examples of amenities that guests increasingly desire, but
that are very expensive to install and implement.
 c.​ Data Mining. This technology allows marketing and sales personnel to find new ways to use
guest-related data.
d.​ Yield Management. This computerized process allows managers to match guest demand with
room rates (high demand means higher rates because of lessened discounts; low demand results
in higher discounts.)
D.​ Economic Issues
a.​ Dependence upon the Nation’s Economy. When the nation’s economy is good, business travel
generally increases. Hospitality occupancy rates and rack rates increase, which results in higher
profit levels. The reverse is also true: business travel slows when the economy slows. Then
occupancy and rack rates decrease.
b.​ Globalization. Globalization impacts the lodging industry dramatically because it influences the
extent to which people travel both within the country and around the world. Therefore, it is not only
the economy of the nation but also the economies of individual countries, that play an increasingly
larger role in the financial success of lodging properties.