NUMBER SYSTEMS to 9 digits are also used for other number systems.

to 9 digits are also used for other number systems. Let us learn here the types of number
systems.
The number system or the numeral system is the system of naming or representing
numbers. We know that a number is a mathematical value that helps to count or measure Types of Number Systems
objects and it helps in performing various mathematical calculations. There are different types
There are various types of number systems in mathematics. The four most common number
of number systems in Maths like decimal number system, binary number system, octal number
system types are:
system, and hexadecimal number system. In this article, we are going to learn what is a
number system in Maths, different types, and conversion procedures with many number 1. Decimal number system (Base- 10) Numbers 0-9
system examples in detail.
2. Binary number system (Base- 2) Numbers 0 and 1
What is Number System in Maths?
3. Octal number system (Base-8) Numbers 0-7
A number system is defined as a system of writing to express numbers. It is the
mathematical notation for representing numbers of a given set by using digits or other symbols 4. Hexadecimal number system (Base- 16) Numbers 0-9 and Letters A-F
in a consistent manner. It provides a unique representation of every number and represents
the arithmetic and algebraic structure of the figures. It also allows us to operate arithmetic Number System Table Chart
operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
The value of any digit in a number can be determined by:
• The digit
• Its position in the number
• The base of the number system
What is a Number?
A number is a mathematical value used for counting or measuring or labelling objects.
Numbers are used to performing arithmetic calculations. Examples of numbers are natural
numbers, whole numbers, rational and irrational numbers, etc. 0 is also a number that
represents a null value.
A number has many other variations such as even and odd numbers, prime and
composite numbers. Even and odd terms are used when a number is divisible by 2 or not,
whereas prime and composite differentiate between the numbers that have only two factors
and more than two factors, respectively. Decimal Number System (Base 10 Number System)
In a number system, these numbers are used as digits. 0 and 1 are the most common The decimal number system has a base of 10 because it uses ten digits from
digits in the number system, that are used to represent binary numbers. On the other hand, 0 0 to 9. In the decimal number system, the positions successive to the left of
the decimal point represent units, tens, hundreds, thousands and so on. This
system is expressed in decimal numbers. Every position shows a particular Base 2 Number System Example
power of the base (10).
Example of Decimal Number System: ∴ (14)10 = 11102
The decimal number 1457 consists of the digit 7 in the units position, 5 in the
tens place, 4 in the hundreds position, and 1 in the thousands place whose
Octal Number System (Base 8 Number System)
value can be written as:
In the octal number system, the base is 8 and it uses numbers from 0 to 7 to
(1×103) + (4×102) + (5×101) + (7×100)
represent numbers. Octal numbers are commonly used in computer
(1×1000) + (4×100) + (5×10) + (7×1) applications. Converting an octal number to decimal is the same as decimal
conversion and is explained below using an example.
1000 + 400 + 50 + 7
Example: Convert 2158 into decimal.
1457
Solution:
Binary Number System (Base 2 Number System)
2158 = 2 × 82 + 1 × 81 + 5 × 80
The base 2 number system is also known as the Binary number system
wherein, only two binary digits exist, i.e., 0 and 1. Specifically, the usual base- = 2 × 64 + 1 × 8 + 5 × 1
2 is a radix of 2. The figures described under this system are known as binary
= 128 + 8 + 5
numbers which are the combination of 0 and 1. For example, 110101 is a
= 14110
binary number. We can convert any system into binary and vice versa.
Hexadecimal Number System (Base 16 Number System)
Example
In the hexadecimal system, numbers are written or represented with base 16.
Write (14)10 as a binary number.
In the hexadecimal system, the numbers are first represented just like in the
Solution: decimal system, i.e. from 0 to 9. Then, the numbers are represented using the
alphabet from A to F. The below-given table shows the representation of
numbers in the hexadecimal number system.

Number System Conversion

Numbers can be represented in any of the number system categories like
binary, decimal, hexadecimal, etc. Also, any number which is represented in
any of the number system types can be easily converted to another. Check
the detailed lesson on the conversions of number systems to learn how to
convert numbers in decimal to binary and vice versa, hexadecimal to binary
and vice versa, and octal to binary and vice versa using various examples.
With the help of the different conversion procedures explained above, now let
us discuss in brief about the conversion of one number system to the other
number system by taking a random number. Assume the number 349. Thus,
the number 349 in different number systems is as follows:
The number 349 in the binary number system is 101011101
The number 349 in the decimal number system is 349.
The number 349 in the octal number system is 535.
Now we will convert this decimal number to the required octal number by
The number 349 in the hexadecimal number system is 15D repetitively dividing by 8.

Number System Solved Examples Therefore, taking the value of the remainder from bottom to top, we get;
Example 1: (4182)10 = (10126)8
Convert (1056)16 to an octal number. Therefore,
Solution: (1056)16 = (10126)8
Given, 105616 is a hex number.
First we need to convert the given hexadecimal number into decimal number Example 2:
(1056)16 Convert (1001001100)2 to a decimal number.
= 1 × 163 + 0 × 162 + 5 × 161 + 6 × 160 Solution:
= 4096 + 0 + 80 + 6 (1001001100)2
= (4182)10 = 1 × 29 + 0 × 28 + 0 × 27 + 1 × 26 + 0 × 25 + 0 × 24 + 1 × 23 + 1 × 22 + 0 ×
21 + 0 × 20
= 512 + 64 + 8 + 4
= (588)10 = 44
Binary arithmetic is essential part of all the digital computers and many other
digital system.
Binary Addition
Example 3:
It is a key for binary subtraction, multiplication, division. There are four rules
Convert 101012 into an octal number.
of binary addition.
Solution:
Given,
101012 is the binary number
We can write the given binary number as,
010 101
Now as we know, in the octal number system,
010 → 2
101 → 5
Therefore, the required octal number is (25)8

Example 4:
Convert hexadecimal 2C to decimal number.
Solution:
We need to convert 2C16 into binary numbers first.
2C → 00101100
Now convert 001011002 into a decimal number.

101100 = 1 × 25 + 0 × 24 + 1 × 23 + 1 × 22 + 0 × 21 + 0 × 20
= 32 + 8 + 4