Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

8 Zest for Progress

Z Peal of artnership

4th QUARTER – Module 7:

PROBABILITY

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________
Name of School: ___________________________
Mathematics – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 - Module 7: Probability
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Feberto L. Montealegre
Editors: Maria Fe S. Gadaingan
Roda S. Buenaventura
Illustrator: Edward S. Duarte
Reviewers: EPS, Mathematics Vilma A. Brown, Ed. D.
Principal Garry D. Sta. Ana
Management Team: SDS Roy C. Tuballa, EMD, JD, CESO VI
ASDS Jay S. Montealto, CESO VI
ASDS Norma T. Francisco, DM, CESE
EPS Mathematics Vilma A. Brown, Ed. D.
EPS LRMS Aida F. Coyme, Ed. D.

Printed in the Philippines

Department of Education – Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Office Address: Tiguma, Airport Road, Pagadian City
Telefax: (062) – 215 – 3751; 991 – 5975
E-mail Address: [email protected]

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Introductory Message
This Self – Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue
your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and
discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you
discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will
tell you if you can proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or
your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module,
you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for
each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, notes to the Teacher are also provided to our
facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your
home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. Read the instructions
carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.

What I Need to Know

This module introduces the very basic probability which are associated with
experiments where the outcomes is not known in advance or cannot be predicted.
There are four types of counting techniques to determine the possible outcomes of
an experiment such as table, systematic listing, tree, diagram as well as counting
principle.

In this module you are expected to count the number of occurrences of an

outcome in an experiment; a) table, b). Systematic Listing, c) Tree diagram, and d)
counting principle. (M8GE–Ivf–g-1)

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 What I Know
Directions: Read and understand each carefully each item. Write the letter of the
correct answer on a separate sheet.

1. Euclid got coins from his pocket which accidentally rolled on the floor. If there are
8 possible outcomes, how many coins fell on the floor?
a. 3 b. 4 c. 8 d. 10
2. Suppose you toss two fair coins once, how many possible outcomes are there?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 4 d. 8
3. Rolling a two dice simultaneously, how many possible outcomes are there?
a. 6 b. 12 c. 36 d. 18
4. In a restaurant, you have a dinner choice of one main dish, one vegetable, and
one drink. The choices for the main dish are beef and chicken meat. The
vegetable choices are broccoli and cabbage. The drink choices are juice and
water. How many choices are possible?
a. 8 b. 10 c. 12 d. 14
5. Which of the following is TRUE?
a. tossing three coins together, the possible outcome is 3.
b. tossing three coins together, the possible outcome is 4.
c. tossing three coins together, the possible outcome is 6.
d. tossing three coins together, the possible outcome is 8.

LESSON
PROBABILITY
1
What’s In
ACTIVITY WHAT’S THE OUTCOME?
Directions: Fill in the table below and list down all the possible outcomes in an
experiment.
Experiment Possible Outcomes Total Number of Outcomes
1. a basketball game
2. tossing a coin
3. rolling a die

QUESTION: How did you come up with the answer? Justify your answer.

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 What’s New

There are three (3) ways on how to count the number of occurrences of an
outcome in an experiment, table, systematic listing and tree diagram. Observe
how it is done given the event below.

EVENT: Flipping 2 coins simultaneously.

Table
0 head 1 head 2 heads
Coin 1 T H T H
Coin 2 T T H H
Outcomes T,T H,T T,H H,H

Systematic Listing:

Outcomes = { (T,T) , (T,H), (H,T), ( H,H ) }

Tree Diagram:
COIN 1 COIN 2 OUTCOMES
H HH
H
T HT
START
H TH
T
T TT

Fundamental Counting Principle:

Coin 1 × Coin 2 = Outcome

2 × 2 = 4 Outcomes

Note: Each coin has 2 possible outcomes.

ACTIVITY WHICH IS WHICH?

Direction: Answer the question below and write it on a separate sheet.

QUESTION: Based on the illustration above, which among the types of counting
techniques is the easiest for you? Why?

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 What is It
What is Probability?
Probability is a branch of mathematics that deals with analyzing the chance
that a particular event will occur.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Experiment is any activity with an observable result.
• Outcome is a result of an experiment.
• Sample space is a set of all possible different outcomes of an
experiment.
• Event is a subset of sample space.

COUNTING TECHNIQUES
Tree Diagram is a technique used to determine all possible outcomes of a
probability experiment. It consists of line segments from a starting point and
from the outcome point.

Systematic Listing provides a technique to organize the information of a

problem in a systematic way.

Table is a set of facts and figures arranged in columns and rows.

Fundamental Counting Principle states that we can find the total number of
ways that different events can occur by multiplying the number of ways each
event can happen.

The example below shows how to determine the occurrences of an outcome

in an experiment using a Tree Diagram and Systematic Listing.

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 EXAMPLE 1

a. tossing a coin b. tossing two coins c. rolling a die

Tree Systematic No. of possible

Experiment
Diagram Listing outcomes
a. tossing
one coin H
START {Head, Tail}
T or 2
{H,T}
Note: H means Head
and T means Tail
b. tossing
two coins
1st coin 2nd coin
H
H T {HH, HT, TH,TT} 4
START H
T
T

3. rolling a
die

{1,2,3,4,5,6} 6

Example 2 shows how to determine the occurrences of an outcome in an

experiment using a Table and Fundamental Counting Principle.

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 EXAMPLE 2

Fundamental Counting
Experiment Table
Principle
1. 1 Coin
Coin H T 1 coin = 2 possible
outcomes

2. 2 Coins
Event A Event B
1st coin x 2nd coin =
No.
Coin/s O1 O2 O3 O4
1 coin H T T H Outcomes
2 coins H T H T
Outcomes HH TT TH HT 2 x 2 = 4

Note: O means Outcome NOTE: The first coin has 2

outcomes and the second
coin has 2 outcomes, then
multiply A and B or
2 x 2 = 4.
3. A die
A die
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 1 die = No. of outcomes
Outcome 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 die = 6 possible
NOTE: A die has six faces F outcomes
means face
4. A deck of
cards 4 13 cards
(suits) per suit
Each suit 4 suits x 13 cards per suit
Club,
has 13 52 cards
Heart,
Deck of cards: 1 –
Diamond 52 possible outcomes
cards 10, Jack,
, and
Queen and
Spade
King.

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 What’s More
ACTIVITY WHERE’S THE DIRECTION?
Directions: Complete the tree diagram and use systematic listing to determine
the total number of possible outcomes.

Anna is flipping 3 coins simultaneously

`
3RD COIN OUTCOMES

2ND COIN H HHHHHH

1ST COIN H
T
H
T

START
H
T
T

a) How many possible outcomes are there? _______

b) List down the set of all the possible outcomes. ___________
c) How did you find the answer? _______________

ACTIVITY LET’S ROLL IT!

Directions: Analyze the diagram carefully. Complete the tree diagram and answer
the questions below:

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a) If you roll a die once, how many outcomes are possible? _____________
b) What are those outcomes? _______________
c) Rolling two dice simultaneously, how many outcomes are there? __________
d) How do we call those outcomes? ________

What I Have Learned

ACTIVITY COMPLETE ME!
Directions: Complete the graphic organizer by writing the different counting
techniques and its definitions based on what you have learned from this module.

COUNTING
TECHNIQUES

What I Can Do
ACTIVITY PAIR ME!
Directions: Use the illustration below to answer the questions. Write your answer
on a separate sheet.

I was invited by my cousin to

attend his birthday party. I only
have few choices left for shirts,
pants, and shoes. How many
different outfits can I choose?

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1. How many T - shirts are there? ______________
2. How many pairs of long pants are there? ____________
3. How many pairs of shoes are there? ______________
4. How many different outfits can you choose? ______________

Assessment
A. Directions: Read each statement carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer
on a separate sheet.

Euclid is flipping a single coin and rolling a six – faces – die.

1. How many outcomes in rolling a die?

a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6
2. How many outcomes when tossing a coin?
a. 5 b. 4 c. 3 d. 2
3. How many possible outcomes when tossing a die and flipping a coin?
a. 6 b. 8 c. 12 d. 10
4. What are the possible outcomes when tossing a coin?
a. H,T b. HH,TT c. TH, HH d. TTT, HHH
5. What are the possible outcomes when rolling a die?
a. 1,2,3,4,5,6 b. 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 c. 1,2,3,5,6 d. 1,3,5,6

B. Directions. Solve the problem using any counting techniques. Write your
answers on a separate sheet.

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1. How many possible answers are there in 5-item multiple choice quiz, with 4
choices for each question?

2. How many possible choices are there for TV set, if there are 4 choices for the
brand and 2 choices for the model?

3. How many possible choices can be made if Melvin has 10 shirts, 5 pants,
and 3 pairs of shoes if he is allowed to choose 1 shirt, 1 pair of pants, 1 pair
of shoes?

4. In a restaurant, you have a choice of one main dish, one vegetable, one
drink. The main dish choices are beef and chicken meat. The vegetable
choices are broccoli, cabbage and “pinakbet”. The drink choices are “buko”
juice, soft drinks or water. How many choices are possible?

5. A factory made a new shirt design. Each design comes in 3 different colors:
red, blue and black. Shirts are available for each color in small, medium,
large, and extra-large sizes. In how many ways can a customer choose a
shirt?

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 12
What’s More:
Activity 1
A. 8 possible outcomes
B. { HHH , HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT }
C. By counting the branches of tree diagram
Activity 2
A. 6 B. { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 } C. 36 D. SAMPLE SPACE
What’s New:
Among the four types of counting principles, the best type is the fundamental
counting principle because it gives as an accurate and quick answer by just
using the formula of f x d = fd ( the total number of ways different event
can occur by multiplying the number of ways each event can happen).
What’s In:
Experiment Possible Outcomes Total Number of Outcomes
1. a basketball game Win or Lose 2
2. tossing a coin Head or Tail 2
3. rolling a die 1,2,3,4,5,6 6
Answer may vary. (Through an experiment and no same outcome is allowed ).
What I Know:
1. A 3. C 5. D
2. C 4. A
Answer Key
 13
Assessment:
A. B.
1. D 3. C 5. A 1. 20 3. 150 5. 12
2. D 4. A 2. 8 4. 18
What I Can Do:
1. 2 branded shirts 3. 2 pairs of shoes
2. 2 pairs of long pants 4. 8 different outfits
What I Have Learned:
References:

Emmanuel P. Abuzo,et.al., Mathematics-Grade 8 (Learner’s Module) First Edition,

Pasig City: Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council Sectretariat
(DepEd-IMCS),2013, 565-566, 572-573.

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 I AM A FILIPINO
by Carlos P. Romulo
I am a Filipino – inheritor of a glorious past, hostage to the It is the mark of my manhood, the symbol of my dignity as
uncertain future. As such, I must prove equal to a two-fold a human being. Like the seeds that were once buried in the
task – the task of meeting my responsibility to the past, and tomb of Tutankhamen many thousands of years ago, it
the task of performing my obligation to the future. shall grow and flower and bear fruit again. It is the insigne
I am sprung from a hardy race – child many generations of my race, and my generation is but a stage in the
removed of ancient Malayan pioneers. Across the centuries, unending search of my people for freedom and happiness.
the memory comes rushing back to me: of brown-skinned I am a Filipino, child of the marriage of the East and the
men putting out to sea in ships that were as frail as their West. The East, with its languor and mysticism, its
hearts were stout. Over the sea I see them come, borne upon passivity and endurance, was my mother, and my sire was
the billowing wave and the whistling wind, carried upon the the West that came thundering across the seas with the
mighty swell of hope – hope in the free abundance of the Cross and Sword and the Machine. I am of the East, an
new land that was to be their home and their children’s eager participant in its struggles for liberation from the
forever. imperialist yoke. But I know also that the East must awake
This is the land they sought and found. Every inch of shore from its centuried sleep, shake off the lethargy that has
that their eyes first set upon, every hill and mountain that bound its limbs, and start moving where destiny awaits.
beckoned to them with a green and purple invitation, every For I, too, am of the West, and the vigorous peoples of the
mile of rolling plain that their view encompassed, every West have destroyed forever the peace and quiet that once
river and lake that promised a plentiful living and the were ours. I can no longer live, a being apart from those
fruitfulness of commerce, is a hollowed spot to me. whose world now trembles to the roar of bomb and cannon
By the strength of their hearts and hands, by every right of shot. For no man and no nation is an island, but a part of
law, human and divine, this land and all the appurtenances the main, and there is no longer any East and West – only
thereof – the black and fertile soil, the seas and lakes and individuals and nations making those momentous choices
rivers teeming with fish, the forests with their inexhaustible that are the hinges upon which history revolves. At the
wealth in wild and timber, the mountains with their bowels vanguard of progress in this part of the world I stand – a
swollen with minerals – the whole of this rich and happy forlorn figure in the eyes of some, but not one defeated
land has been for centuries without number, the land of my and lost. For through the thick, interlacing branches of
fathers. This land I received in trust from them, and in trust habit and custom above me I have seen the light of the
will pass it to my children, and so on until the world is no sun, and I know that it is good. I have seen the light of
more. justice and equality and freedom, my heart has been lifted
I am a Filipino. In my blood runs the immortal seed of by the vision of democracy, and I shall not rest until my
heroes – seed that flowered down the centuries in deeds of land and my people shall have been blessed by these,
courage and defiance. In my veins yet pulses the same hot beyond the power of any man or nation to subvert or
blood that sent Lapulapu to battle against the alien foe, that destroy.
drove Diego Silang and Dagohoy into rebellion against the I am a Filipino, and this is my inheritance. What pledge
foreign oppressor. shall I give that I may prove worthy of my inheritance? I
That seed is immortal. It is the self-same seed that flowered shall give the pledge that has come ringing down the
in the heart of Jose Rizal that morning in Bagumbayan corridors of the centuries, and it shall be compounded of
when a volley of shots put an end to all that was mortal of the joyous cries of my Malayan forebears when first they
him and made his spirit deathless forever; the same that saw the contours of this land loom before their eyes, of the
flowered in the hearts of Bonifacio in Balintawak, of battle cries that have resounded in every field of combat
Gregorio del Pilar at Tirad Pass, of Antonio Luna at from Mactan to Tirad Pass, of the voices of my people
Calumpit, that bloomed in flowers of frustration in the sad when they sing:
heart of Emilio Aguinaldo at Palanan, and yet burst forth “I am a Filipino born to freedom, and I shall not rest until
royally again in the proud heart of Manuel L. Quezon when freedom shall have been added unto my inheritance—for
he stood at last on the threshold of ancient Malacanang myself and my children and my children’s children—
Palace, in the symbolic act of possession and racial forever.”
vindication. The seed I bear within me is an immortal seed.

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