Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

8 Zest for Progress

Z Peal of artnership

4th QUARTER – Module 8:

PROBABILITY OF A SIMPLE EVENT

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________
Name of School: ___________________________
Mathematics – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 - Module 8: Probability of a Simple Event
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalty.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Feberto L. Montealegre
Editors: Maria Fe S. Gadaingan
Roda S. Buenaventura
Reviewers: EPS, Mathematics Vilma A. Brown, Ed. D.
Principal Garry D. Sta. Ana
Management Team: SDS Roy C. Tuballa, EMD, JD, CESO VI
ASDS Jay S. Montealto, CESO VI
ASDS Norma T. Francisco, DM, CESE
EPS Mathematics Vilma A. Brown, Ed. D.
EPS LRMS Aida F. Coyme, Ed. D.

Printed in the Philippines

Department of Education – Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Office Address: Tiguma, Airport Road, Pagadian City
Telefax: (062) – 215 – 3751; 991 – 5975
E-mail Address: [email protected]

1
Introductory Message
This Self – Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue
your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and
discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you
discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will
tell you if you can proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or
your teacher’s assistance better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module,
you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for
each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, notes to the Teacher are also provided to our
facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your
home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. Read the instructions
carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.

What I Need to Know

This module introduces the very basic of simple probability or the likelihood
that a single event will occur.

This module will assess what you have learned on the basic mathematical
concepts and your skills in performing the different mathematical operations that
may help you understand the lesson on probability.

Through this module, you are expected to find the probability of a simple
event. (M8GE-IVh-1)

2
 What I Know
Directions: Read and understand each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct
answer on a separate sheet.

1. What is the probability of picking not a heart in a deck of 52 cards?

3 1 2 1
a. b. c. d.
4 4 11 8
2. If you throw a three dice, what is the probability that you do not throw any 4’s, 5’s
or 6’s?
1 1 1 3
a. b. c. d.
2 4 8 4
3. A bag contains 10 marbles numbered 1 to 10. What is the probability of selecting
an even number?
1 1 1 1
a. b. c. d.
4 2 3 8
4. If you spin a spinner, what is the probability that the point will land on A?
1 3 A D
a. c.
2 4 F A
1 1
b. d. A A
4 3
O O
5. A single die is tossed. What is the probability of a number greater than 3?
1 1 1 3
a. b. c. d.
4 2 3 4

LESSON
Probability of a Simple Event
1
What’s In
Directions: Complete the table below and answer the questions that follow. Write
your answers on a sperate sheet. (Note: No same outcome is allowed.)

EXPERIMENT: Rolling two dice.

3
 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 1,1
2 2,1 2,5
3 3,1 3,2
4 4,1 4,4
5 5,1
6 6,1 6,6

a. How many possible outcomes in rolling a die?

b. List down all the possible outcomes.

c. Rolling two dice together, how many possible outcomes are there?

What’s New
Directions: Complete the table and answer the questions that follow. Write your
answers on a sperate sheet.

A jar contains of 11 red balls, 7 green balls, 6 blue balls and 8 yellow
balls. What is the probability of picking:

Colors Probability of an event

a red
a blue
a yellow
a green

a. How many balls are there in the jar?

b. What is the probability when you are to select yellow or blue color?

c. What is the probability of picking Red or green?

4
 What is It

PROBABILITY OF SIMPLE EVENT

➢ Probability of a simple event, P (event), is a number from 0 to 1
which tells how likely the event is to happen.
➢ When finding the probability of an event occurring, we will use the
formula: number of favorable outcomes over the number of total
outcomes. In symbols,
𝒏ሺ𝑬ሻ
𝑷ሺ𝑬ሻ = 𝒏ሺ𝑺ሻ
where 𝒏ሺ𝑬ሻ represents the favorable outcomes and 𝒏ሺ𝑺ሻ is the total
number of possible outcomes.

PROBABILITY RULES
T The probability of any event is a number (either in fraction, in decimal or
1.
in percent) from 0 to 1.
2. If an event will never happen, then its probability is 0.
3. If the event is sure to happen, then the probability is 1.
4. The sum of the probabilities of all the outcomes in the sample space is 1.

Observe the given examples below.

EXAMPLE 1.
What is the probability of obtaining an even number in rolling a die once?
SOLUTION:
𝒏ሺ𝑬ሻ ሼ𝟐, 𝟒, 𝟔ሽ
𝑷ሺ𝑬ሻ =
𝒏ሺ𝑺ሻ ሼ𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟓, 𝟔ሽ
3
=
6
1
= Decimal: 0.50 Percent: 50%
2

5
 EXAMPLE 2.
Find the probability of getting a head when tossing a coin.
SOLUTION:
𝒏ሺ𝑬ሻ ሼ𝑯ሽ
𝑷 ሺ𝑬 ሻ =
𝒏ሺ𝑺ሻ ሼ𝑯, 𝑻ሽ
1
= Decimal: 0.50 Percent: 50%
2

EXAMPLE 3.
What is the probability of getting a DIAMOND in a deck of cards?
SOLUTION:
𝒏ሺ𝑬ሻ ሼ𝟏𝟑ሽ
𝑷 ሺ𝑬 ሻ =
𝒏ሺ𝑺ሻ ሼ𝟓𝟐ሽ
13 1
= or Decimal: 0.25 Percent: 25%
52 4

EXAMPLE 4.
A pack of buttons has 2 white buttons, 3 red buttons, 4 black buttons and 1
yellow button. If a button is picked at random, what is the probability that the
button picked is black?
SOLUTION:
𝒏ሺ𝑬ሻ ሼ𝟒ሽ
𝑷 ሺ𝑬 ሻ =
𝒏ሺ𝑺ሻ ሼ𝟐 + 𝟑 + 𝟒 + 𝟏ሽ
4 2
= or Decimal: 0.40 Percent: 40%
10 5

EXAMPLE 5.
There are 28 girls and 12 boys in a class. If a student is selected at random,
what is the probability that the student selected is a girl?
SOLUTION:
𝑛ሺ𝐸ሻ ሼ28ሽ
𝑃 ሺ𝐸 ሻ = 𝑛ሺ𝑆ሻ ሼ28+12ሽ
28 7
= or Decimal: 0.70 Percent: 70%
40 10

6
 What’s More
Directions: Find the probability of an event.

1. What is the probability of getting 6 in rolling a die?

2. The spinner shown on the right is spun once. Determine the probability of the
following:

a. P(F) I J
H A
b. P(vowels)
c. P(D or G) G B
d. P(consonants) F C
E D

3. There are 7 green marbles, and 5 black marbles. If one marble is chosen at
random, find
a. P(green)
b. P(black)

What I Have Learned

Directions: Construct a table and determine the probability of a simple event.

If you rolled a two dice simultaneously, find the probability of the following:

a. a sum of 7
b. a sum of 12
c. a sum of less than 10
d. a double number
e a sum of greater than 5

7
 What I Can Do
Directions: Match the following with each letter on the probability line. Write your
answer on a separate sheet.

A B C D E
Impossible Unlikely Even Chance Likely Certain

0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1

EXAMPLE: ___E___ There are 12 months in a year.

1. In Zamboanga Peninsula, it will snow in May.

2. Out of 20 items, Mario got 15.
3. The day before Tuesday is Monday.
4. Of the 40 chickens, only 10 survived.
5. If you flip a coin, the result is tail.
6. The fourth person to knock on the door will be a girl.
7. All months of the year have 28 days.
8. Next year, the month after March has 30 days.
9. The chance that the last outcome in rolling a number cube is an even number.
10. There are 7 days in a week.

Assessment
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer and
write it on a separate sheet.

1. If a letter is chosen at random from the word MATHEMATICS, what is the

probability that the letter chosen is A?
2 2 1 3
a. b. c. d.
11 5 11 4

2. Of the 90 freshmen students, 50 are girls. If a student is selected at random for a

vacation. What is the probability of selecting a boy?
3 4 2 1
a. b. c. d.
5 9 5 5

3. When rolling a die, what is the probability of rolling a 3?

3 2 1 5
a. b. c. d.
5 5 6 6

8
4. The spinner at the right is spun once. Determine the
probability of getting a red.
1 3
a. c.
2 10

3 1
b. d.
5 10

5. There are 5 green, 7 blue and 3 red pens. If one ballpen is chosen at random,
then what is the probability of getting a red pen?
2 4 1 1
a. b. c. d.
5 5 5 15

6. A coin is tossed 3 times, what is the probability that at least one head is
obtained.
7 1 1 1
a. b. c. d.
8 8 5 6

7. Find the probability of getting a numbered card when a card is drawn

from a pack of 52 cards?
9 1 4 7
a. b. c. d.
13 13 13 13

8. What is the probability of getting a sum of 7 when rolling two dice?

5 1 7 1
a. b. c. d.
6 6 6 2

9. Which of the following statement is TRUE?

a. Flipping a coin thrice has 3 possible outcomes.
b. The probability of rolling 5 in a die is 1/6.
c. The probability of rolling 7 in a die is 1/7.
d. none of the above.

10. A box contains 50 orange, pink, black and brown balls. The probability of drawing
a single pink ball at random is 1/5. What does it mean?
a. There are 5 pink balls in the box.
b. There are 10 pink balls in the box.
c. There are more pink balls than the others.
d. There is only one pink ball in the box.

9
 10
(DepEd-IMCS),2013, 568-569.
Pasig City: Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council Sectretariat
Emmanuel P. Abuzo,et.al., Mathematics-Grade 8 (Learner’s Module) First Edition,
References:
Assessment:
1. A 3. C 5. C 7. A 9. B
2. B 4. A 6. A 8. B 10. B
What I Can Do:
1. A 3. E 5. C 7. E 9. C
2. D 4. B 6. C 8. E 10. E
What I Have Learned:
𝟏 𝟏 𝟓 𝟏 𝟏𝟑
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
𝟔 𝟑𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟏𝟖
What’s More:
1 1 1 7 5
1. 2. a. c. 3. a. b.
6 10 5 12 12
3 7
b. d.
10 10
What’s New:
7 9
1. 32 2. 3.
16 16
What’s In:
1. 6 outcomes 2. { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 } 3. 36 outcomes
What I Know:
1. A 3. B 5. B
2. C 4. A
Answer Key
 I AM A FILIPINO
by Carlos P. Romulo
I am a Filipino – inheritor of a glorious past, hostage to the It is the mark of my manhood, the symbol of my dignity as
uncertain future. As such, I must prove equal to a two-fold a human being. Like the seeds that were once buried in the
task – the task of meeting my responsibility to the past, and tomb of Tutankhamen many thousands of years ago, it
the task of performing my obligation to the future. shall grow and flower and bear fruit again. It is the insigne
I am sprung from a hardy race – child many generations of my race, and my generation is but a stage in the
removed of ancient Malayan pioneers. Across the centuries, unending search of my people for freedom and happiness.
the memory comes rushing back to me: of brown-skinned I am a Filipino, child of the marriage of the East and the
men putting out to sea in ships that were as frail as their West. The East, with its languor and mysticism, its
hearts were stout. Over the sea I see them come, borne upon passivity and endurance, was my mother, and my sire was
the billowing wave and the whistling wind, carried upon the the West that came thundering across the seas with the
mighty swell of hope – hope in the free abundance of the Cross and Sword and the Machine. I am of the East, an
new land that was to be their home and their children’s eager participant in its struggles for liberation from the
forever. imperialist yoke. But I know also that the East must awake
This is the land they sought and found. Every inch of shore from its centuried sleep, shake off the lethargy that has
that their eyes first set upon, every hill and mountain that bound its limbs, and start moving where destiny awaits.
beckoned to them with a green and purple invitation, every For I, too, am of the West, and the vigorous peoples of the
mile of rolling plain that their view encompassed, every West have destroyed forever the peace and quiet that once
river and lake that promised a plentiful living and the were ours. I can no longer live, a being apart from those
fruitfulness of commerce, is a hollowed spot to me. whose world now trembles to the roar of bomb and cannon
By the strength of their hearts and hands, by every right of shot. For no man and no nation is an island, but a part of
law, human and divine, this land and all the appurtenances the main, and there is no longer any East and West – only
thereof – the black and fertile soil, the seas and lakes and individuals and nations making those momentous choices
rivers teeming with fish, the forests with their inexhaustible that are the hinges upon which history revolves. At the
wealth in wild and timber, the mountains with their bowels vanguard of progress in this part of the world I stand – a
swollen with minerals – the whole of this rich and happy forlorn figure in the eyes of some, but not one defeated
land has been for centuries without number, the land of my and lost. For through the thick, interlacing branches of
fathers. This land I received in trust from them, and in trust habit and custom above me I have seen the light of the
will pass it to my children, and so on until the world is no sun, and I know that it is good. I have seen the light of
more. justice and equality and freedom, my heart has been lifted
I am a Filipino. In my blood runs the immortal seed of by the vision of democracy, and I shall not rest until my
heroes – seed that flowered down the centuries in deeds of land and my people shall have been blessed by these,
courage and defiance. In my veins yet pulses the same hot beyond the power of any man or nation to subvert or
blood that sent Lapulapu to battle against the alien foe, that destroy.
drove Diego Silang and Dagohoy into rebellion against the I am a Filipino, and this is my inheritance. What pledge
foreign oppressor. shall I give that I may prove worthy of my inheritance? I
That seed is immortal. It is the self-same seed that flowered shall give the pledge that has come ringing down the
in the heart of Jose Rizal that morning in Bagumbayan corridors of the centuries, and it shall be compounded of
when a volley of shots put an end to all that was mortal of the joyous cries of my Malayan forebears when first they
him and made his spirit deathless forever; the same that saw the contours of this land loom before their eyes, of the
flowered in the hearts of Bonifacio in Balintawak, of battle cries that have resounded in every field of combat
Gregorio del Pilar at Tirad Pass, of Antonio Luna at from Mactan to Tirad Pass, of the voices of my people
Calumpit, that bloomed in flowers of frustration in the sad when they sing:
heart of Emilio Aguinaldo at Palanan, and yet burst forth “I am a Filipino born to freedom, and I shall not rest until
royally again in the proud heart of Manuel L. Quezon when freedom shall have been added unto my inheritance—for
he stood at last on the threshold of ancient Malacanang myself and my children and my children’s children—
Palace, in the symbolic act of possession and racial forever.”
vindication. The seed I bear within me is an immortal seed.

11