Lesson Objectives: condition, a system, a force, and an • a cultural process that reflects interventions in the economy (such as

At the end of this lesson, you should age (Steger, 2005). Further, Steger a growing network of complex cultural tariff and quotas, but also government
be able to: (2005) elaborated globalization as interconnections and services); it strives for the free
• Define globalization something that is "confined to a set of interdependencies in modern society. movement of goods, services, people,
• Examine the six (6) claims of complex, sometimes contradictory, The IMF (2005), defined globalization and money.
globalization and types of social processes that are changing the as the opening of international 1. Mercantilism (economic
globalization current social condition based on the borders to flows of free trade, nationalism). It focuses on state efforts
• Agree on a working definition modern system of independent immigration, direct investment, to accumulate wealth and power to
of globalization for the course nation-states" (p. 12). It is the result of information and technology. The IMF, protect society from physical harm or
• Narrate a personal experience political, economic, cultural change World Bank, WTO, and other the influence of other states. Its policy
of globalization and technological innovations international organizations work to tool: protectionist industrial and trade
Globalization "implies that we are promote the good side of globalization policies oftentimes necessary to make
moving from the modern socio- and mitigate its risks to less developed markets work and enhance national
Introduction to Globalization
political order of nation states that economies. However, despite the wealth and welfare
In the Philippines, notice the entry of
gradually emerged in the seventeenth good benefits of globalization, its risk 2. Structuralism. This focuses on how
Korean, Indian and French restaurants,
century toward the 'postmodern' is greater among poorer countries like different social classes are shaped by
to name a few. Filipinos do not need
condition of globality" (Steger, 2005, the Philippines. It promised higher the dominant economic structure. The
to go to Korea just to try Korean food.
p.13). The changes may occur slowly standards of living but it increased state controls the economy, prices are
So, what is globalization? How new is
or quickly depending on the people's marginalization of people (Balaam & set by state officials and emphasis on
globalization? What has led to
idea of change Balaam (2013) Dillman, 2014). In the year 2000, the state planning and agenda setting. Its
increase globalization? What are some
described globalization as the growing United Nations established the policy tool: monetary, fiscal, and fair
positive effects of globalization? When
interdependence among people and Millennium Development Goals trade policies that redistribute income
people trade, how do both sides (two
state all over the world that resulted (MDGs) directed at increasing foreign to everyone in society.
or more countries) benefit? What are
from digital revolution and the spread aid for poorer nations, halving global
some negative effects of globalization?
of Western (American) culture. He hunger, reducing debt, and fighting
What roles do the international Six Core Claims of Globalization
further characterized it as: diseases like AIDS.
monetary fund (IMF), the World Bank (Steger, 2005)
• an economic process that
and the world Globalization Now: Risk Three Dominant Perspectives in the Claim one globalization is about the
reflects dense interconnections based
and trade organization (WTO) play in Study of Globalization (Balaam & liberalization and global integration of
on new technologies and the mobility
globalization? What are some effects Dillman, 2014, pages 17-22) markets
of trade and capital,
of multinational businesses? What are In "globalization", it requires the
• the integration of national Economic Liberalism (Neoliberalism).
some of the issues involved with necessary move for "liberalization" of
markets into a single global market, A political and economic ideology that
outsourcing jobs? What is the future market for the "integration" with
• a political process that attempts to improve human well-
of globalization? countries, regardless of the political
weakens state authority and replaces being by promoting individual self-
Several literatures defined and cultural preferences expressed by
it with the power of deregulated interest, it advocates for the
globalization focusing on a variety of local citizens, to happen.
• markets, withdrawal of government
phenomena, including process, a
Claim two: globalization is inevitable "market" and the making of economic The General Agreement on Tariffs and other ASEAN country and allow for
and irreversible choices. Although, "globalization and Trade (GATT) was the first multilateral easy travel in and out of the ASEAN
Nobody can stop globalization, capital development do not free trade agreement aimed to region.
whether individuals like it or not, automatically produce democracies, eliminate trade protectionism that
Globalization exists. As, former the level of economic development took effect on June 30, 1948 until
Types of Globalization
Senator Manuel Villar said, it is a resulting from globalization is January 1, 1995. The most important
reality of the modern world. The conducive to the creation of complex requirement in GATT is that each The degree of each state's response to
process is irreversible'. But the civil societies with a powerful middle member must confer most favored globalization depends on how each
importance is for countries to be class" (p.32). nation status. This means that all adapt the different types of
responsive to a broad range of members will be treated equally when globalization. Each state vary in its
political, social, cultural, and economic Claim six: globalization requires a it comes to tariff GATT further accommodation of the types of
issues. global war on terror prohibited restriction on the number globalization depending on what each
In other words, the desired spread of of imports and exports. In 1993, the state believed they will benefit the
Claim three: nobody is in charge of globalization makes it prone for Uruguay Round established the World most
globalization countries to experience acts of terror, Trade Organization (WTO) to police 1. Financial Globalization. The world's
In globalization, there exists a "self- thus, are required to fight terrorism. the international trading system. financial systems have become
regulating market" This means that no 2 Technology. Technology transformed intimately interconnected: the stock
one is in control, not controlled by any Drivers of Globalization globalization by promoting a market trading in New York Stock
individual, any government, or any The level to which a certain state "borderless" world that allowed the Exchange can affect Tokyo and Hong
institution. adapt to globalization depends on effortless entry and exit of goods. Kong.
how each formulate policies to ensure In the case of the Philippines, several 2. Economic Globalization. The
Claim four globalization benefits movement. Each state should address measure have been adopted to ensure existence of transnational
everyone (...in the long run) the drivers of globalization to ensure free flow of goods, services and corporations like Ford, Coca Cola, and
The idea in globalization is that economic, political, and socio-cultural capital. One of which is the Philippines Nike.
eventually all countries will experience activity. active involvement in the ASEAN 3. Technological Globalization. There
"economic growth" and "prosperity". 1. Decline of barriers to the free flow integration, this will ensure that the exists a "global village" where
However, the pace that each country of goods, services, and capital. After country will be able to compete with everything can be accessed by using
moves differs depending on the World War II countries like France, other member country by lowering computer and mobile phones.
whether the countries are at the Germany, Italy, Japan, Holland, the taxes that each country might 4. Political Globalization. The pressure
periphery or at the center. Sweden, UK and US removed incur which will result to lower prices for different countries to adopt
economic barriers and allowed the of goods and services in the country, it uniform policies to boost
Claim five globalization furthers the free flow of goods, servicesand capital will also help in allowing the interdependence like the North
spread of democracy in the world between nations. These resulted to Philippines to have access to goods American Free Trade Agreement
different countries to trade goods and which we do not have before, Filipinos (NAFTA).
Globalization allows the spread of share their resources which eventually will be given a chance to have higher 5. Cultural Globalization. Through
democracy based on the proximity to lead to some countries to develop. and better working opportunity with technology, the culture of other
countries became known to the extent institutions Economic liberal perspective on
that it became part of another that development requires developing
promote
countries' culture leading to loss of good countries become part of the global
identities of some local culture. governanc market economy, through trade
6. Sociological Globalization. A single e (Balaam & Dillman. 2014) Further, he
Infrastructu Good Lack of
"world" society exists having one set said that by using their comparative
re infrastructu infrastructu
of values/beliefs, like the agreement re re trading advantages (the resources that
of different societies about the horror Cost of Basic food Basic food their country mostly have will be
that terrorism brought necessities and shelter and shelter exported), developing countries
is are cheap
7. Ecological Globalization. Different expensive
areable to capitalize on the benefits of
countries from all over the world Poverty Low High international trade and build a strong
experienced the dreadful effect of incidence instances instances economy. Also, trade enables poorer
global warming. of poverty of poverty economies to export their natural
Literacy High Relatively
8. Geographical Globalization. A literacy low literacy
resources (mainly agricultural
borderless world concerned with rates rates commodities), while affording access
ecological, political, cultural and Foreign aid Provides Dependenc to manufactured goods from abroad.
economic relationships. and foreign aids y on And as these economies grow from
humanitaria and foreign aid
The dawn of globalization lead to the n humanitari and export earnings, gradually they will be
existence of different worlds: the assistance an humanitari able to acquire more foreign
developed and developing countries. assistance an technology and knowledge to
Developed countries or the North assistance promote new investments in
have industrialized and diverse manufacturing. According to this
economies like Canada. United State Dependency resulted in the perspective, as "latecomers,"
of America, Britain, and Japan. Some underdevelopment among developing developing countries can use the
refer to developing nations as the countries Because of this, there exists market to develop and industrialize,
least developing country (LDC), or the undevelopment and while learning from the policy
South. These countries have varied underdevelopment. Undevelopment is mistakes of the now developed
history, culture, economy, and political "characterized by lack of nations. However, according to the
system. Below are their development, while liberal model, major obstacles to
characteristics: underdevelopment is the outcome of economic development are the
a process that further damaged developing countries anemic capital,
developing countries' economies and productivity, and technological base.
Developed Developing
Countries Countries simultaneously made the Other obstacles include poor
Good High level Weak industrialized (developed) world more infrastructure, weak educational
Governanc of laws, governmen systems, and/or traditional value
e customs, t
prosperous (Balaam & Dillman, 2014)
and
systems.