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SHEET10

The document contains a series of physics problems and their solutions related to nuclear fission and fusion, including calculations of fission rates, decay rates, and energy production. It discusses the half-lives of isotopes and their applications in determining the age of samples, as well as the energy requirements for nuclear reactions. The answers provided include specific numerical results for each problem, demonstrating the application of modern physics concepts.

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13 views2 pages

SHEET10

The document contains a series of physics problems and their solutions related to nuclear fission and fusion, including calculations of fission rates, decay rates, and energy production. It discusses the half-lives of isotopes and their applications in determining the age of samples, as well as the energy requirements for nuclear reactions. The answers provided include specific numerical results for each problem, demonstrating the application of modern physics concepts.

Uploaded by

The Star
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Page 1 of 2 CPP - SANKALP_MP–10-PH-VII

CPP
MODERN PHYSICS - SHEET: 10(Lecture-10)

1. If each fission in a U235 nucleus releases 200 MeV, how many fissions must occurs per
second to produce a power of 1 KW?

2. A nuclear reactor containing U235 produces 10 MW. Calculate the fission rate assuming
that 200 MeV of useful energy is released in one fission?

3. When charcoal is prepared from a living tree, it shows a disintegration rate of 15.3
disintegration of 14C per gram per minute. A sample from an ancient piece of charcoal
shows 14C activity to be 12.3 disintegrations per gram per minute. How old is this sample?
Half-life of 14C is 5730 y.

4. 238
U decays to 206Pb with a half-life of 4.47  109 y. this happens in a number of steps. Can
you justify a single half-life for this chain of process? A sample of rock is found to contain
2.00 mg of 238U and 0.600 mg of 206Pb. Assuming that all the lead has come from uranium,
find the life of the rock.

5. Natural water contains a small amount of tritium (13 H). This isotope beta-decays with a half-
life of 12.5 years. A mountaineer while climbing towards a difficult peak finds debris of some
earlier unsuccessful attempt. Among other things he finds a sealed bottle of whisky. On
return he analyses the whisky and finds that it contains only 1.5 per cent of the 13 H
radioactivity as compared to a recently purchased bottle marked ‘8 years old’. Estimate the
time of that unsuccessful attempt.

6. It is proposed to use the nuclear fusion reaction 1H2 +1H2  2He4


in a nuclear reactor of 200 MW rating. If the energy from the above reaction is used with a
25% efficiency in the reactor, how many grams of the deuterium fuel will be needed per
day. The masses of 1H2 and 2He4 are 2.0141 amu and 4.0026 amu respectively?

7. A fusion reaction taking place in a reactor to produce the power is given by


1 D 1 D 13 T 11 P  E
2 2

Calculate the number of deuterium atom required per hour for a power out put of 100 MW.
Take efficiency of process be 60 %. mass of 12 D = 2.01458 amu
1 D  3.01605 amu
3

1
1P  1.00728 amu & 1 amu = 930 MeV

8. The binding energies of the atoms of elements A and B are E a and Eb respectively. Three
atoms of the elements B fuse to give one atom of element A. This fusion process is
accompanied by release of energy e. Find relation between E a, Eb and e related to each
other as:

FIITJEE Ltd., ICES House, Sarvapriya Vihar (Near Hauz Khas Bus Terminal), New Delhi - 16, Ph : 6515949 , 6865182, 6854102, Fax : 6513942
Page 2 of 2 CPP - SANKALP_MP–10-PH-VII
MODERN PHYSICS - SHEET: 10(Lecture-10)
ANSWERS

1. 3.125 × 1013
2. 3.1  1017 sec1
3. 1800 y
4. 1.92  109 y

5. about 83 years ago

6. Mass defect
m = (2  2.0141 – 4.0026) amu
or  m = (2  2.0141 – 4.0026)  931 MeV
Energy used in reactor per reaction
25
= (2  2.0141 – 4.0026)  931 = 5.9584 MeV
100
= 9.5334  10-13 Joule.
Total energy obtained per day
= (200) MW  24  60  60 sec.
Mass of deuterium required
(0.6691 10 21 )(200  106  24  60  60)
= = 120 g.
9.5334  10 13

7. Mass defect m = 2mD – mT – mP


= 2  2.01458 – 3.01605 – 1.00728
= 0.00583 amu.
hence E = 0.00583  930  1.6  10-19  106
= 8.675  10-13 J
The efficiency of the retardation is 60 %
Eavailable = 0.6  8.675  10-13 J
= 5.205  10-13 J
Total energy required in one hour
E = 108  3600 = 36  1010 J
Hence number of deuterium nuclides required
2E
=  1.38  1024
E

8. Ea + e = 3Eb

FIITJEE Ltd., ICES House, Sarvapriya Vihar (Near Hauz Khas Bus Terminal), New Delhi - 16, Ph : 6515949 , 6865182, 6854102, Fax : 6513942

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