JS3 ICT Exam Marking Guide

SECTION A

1. (b) It requires user consent to infect a system. A computer virus is malware that spreads from one
computer to another and does not need user consent to infect a system.

2. (b) Boot Sector Virus. A boot sector virus infects the hard drive's master boot record, which affects
the startup process.

3. (c) ILOVEYOU Virus. The ILOVEYOU virus was spread as an email attachment and caused file
damage.

4. (d) Opening email attachments from unknown senders. A common way to spread computer
viruses is through email attachments from unknown senders.

5. (c) Unwanted pop-up ads appear frequently. A sign that a computer might be infected with a virus
is when unwanted pop-up ads appear frequently.

6. (b) The ability to use information and communication technologies effectively. Digital literacy is the
ability to effectively use information and communication technologies.

7. (c) It has made information more readily available and fostered collaboration. Digital literacy has
impacted education by increasing access to information and fostering collaboration through tools
such as Google Classroom and Moodle.

8. (c) Collaborating on projects using online platforms. Digital literacy has impacted the workplace by
enabling remote work, digital collaboration, and automated systems.

9. (c) It facilitates activities like online shopping and social media interaction. Digital literacy has
impacted society through daily activities like online shopping, digital banking, and social media
interaction.

10. (c) A doctor using electronic health records to manage patient information. Digital literacy has
become important in almost every career. An example of this would be a doctor using digital health
records.

11. (b) The gap in access to and knowledge of technology among various groups. The digital divide
refers to the gap between individuals, households, businesses, and geographical areas in terms of
access to, use of, or knowledge of information and communication technologies.

12. (b) It can create disadvantages for students without access to technology or digital skills. The
digital divide impacts education because it can create disadvantages for students who lack access to
technology or digital skills.

13. (d) Limited career advancement for those lacking necessary technology skills. The digital divide
can impact the workplace by limiting career advancement for those lacking necessary technology
skills.

14. (b) By promoting digital literacy programs and providing affordable internet access. The digital
divide can be addressed by promoting digital literacy programs and affordable internet access.

15. (a) Individuals in remote areas lacking access to high-speed internet. The digital divide can be
exemplified by individuals in remote areas lacking high-speed internet.
16. (c) Physical markets and face-to-face transactions as the primary mode of business. The Old
Economy refers to traditional ways of conducting business before the widespread use of digital
technologies. A defining characteristic of the Old Economy is a reliance on physical markets and face-
to-face transactions.

17. (d) Global connectivity enabling businesses to reach wider audiences. The New Economy is
characterized by online transactions, digital marketplaces, the rapid exchange of information,
automation, the digitalization of services, and global connectivity.

18. (a) Higher costs due to manual processes and physical infrastructure. The Old Economy had
limitations such as slow communication and information dissemination, geographical restrictions,
higher costs due to manual labor and infrastructure, and difficulty scaling businesses.

19. (c) Expansion opportunities for businesses due to global reach. Benefits of the New Economy
include speed and efficiency, global reach and expansion, lower costs through automation and online
services, and access to real-time data.

20. (d) It has led to faster transactions and more efficient data management. The New Economy has
impacted business operations, leading to faster transaction speeds and more efficient data
management.

21. (c) Organizing, analyzing, and storing data in a tabular format. A spreadsheet package organizes,
analyzes, and stores data in a tabular format.

22. (b) Creating and sending emails. Spreadsheets are used to organize data, perform calculations
and analysis, budget and plan finances, manage inventory, and create charts.

23. (b) To highlight data based on specific criteria to reveal patterns. Conditional formatting in a
spreadsheet highlights data based on specific criteria.

24. (d) A selection of multiple cells in a worksheet. A range is a selection of multiple cells in a
spreadsheet.

25. (c) Formulas are equations created by users, while functions are built-in formulas. In a
spreadsheet, formulas are equations created by the user and functions are built-in formulas.

Section B

1 (a) Highlight the special features of a spreadsheet package.

The special features of a spreadsheet package include:

* Formulas and functions for mathematical, statistical, and logical calculations

* Auto-fill to quickly fill data series

* Conditional formatting to highlight data based on criteria

* Chart creation tools for visual data representation

* Pivot tables to summarize large datasets

1 (b) Describe the following key terminologies in a spreadsheet package (Microsoft Excel)
 Workbook: A collection of worksheets in a single Excel file.

Range: A selection of multiple cells.

Cell: The intersection of a row and a column where data is entered.

Row: A horizontal line of cells, identified by numbers.

Function: A predefined formula in Excel for specific calculations.

2 (a) Explain the key differences between a file infector virus and a boot sector virus, and describe
the potential impact of each on a computer system.

File infector viruses: These viruses attach to executable files, such as .exe files, and activate when
the file is opened. They can corrupt or delete files and spread to other executable files on the system.

Boot sector viruses: These viruses infect the master boot record of a hard drive. They can prevent
the operating system from loading properly, leading to system instability and data loss. They can also
spread to other bootable media, such as floppy disks or USB drives.

2 (b) Discuss the importance of regular virus scans and software updates in protecting a computer
system from viruses.

Regular virus scans: Regular scans with updated antivirus software are essential to detect and
remove viruses. Antivirus software uses virus definitions to identify and quarantine or delete
malicious files.

Software updates: Software updates often include security patches that fix vulnerabilities that
viruses can exploit. Keeping the operating system, applications, and antivirus software up to date
reduces the risk of infection.

3 (a) List the limitations of the Old Economy that led to the rise of the New Economy.

Limitations of the Old Economy:

Slow communication: Limited by postal services and traditional media, hindering business
operations.

Geographical restrictions: Businesses faced challenges expanding beyond their local areas due to
physical limitations.

High costs: Manual labor and physical infrastructure led to higher operational costs.
 Difficulty in scaling: Expanding business operations was challenging due to manual processes and
limited reach.

3 (b) Compare and contrast the characteristics of the Old Economy and the New Economy.

Features Old Economy New Economy

Transactions Primarily physical, face-to-face Online transactions, digital
marketplaces
Information Flow Slow, limited by traditional media Rapid exchange through internet,
emails, instant messaging
Processes Manual processes dominate Automation and digitalization of
industries services
Business Reach Limited by geographical Global connectivity, businesses
restrictions can reach a wider audience
Communication Speed Slow communication and Fast and efficient communication,
information dissemination real-time information exchange
Costs Higher costs due to manual labor Lower costs due to automation
and infrastructure and online services
Scalability Difficulty scaling businesses Lower costs due to automation
beyond local areas and online services
Data Analysis Difficulty scaling businesses Easier to scale operations due to
beyond local areas digital technologies and global
reach
Job Market Traditional job roles New job opportunities in fields
like digital marketing, web
development, and AI