SECTION A

1. A thin plastic rod is bent into a circular ring of radius R. It is uniformly

charged with charge density . The magnitude of the electric field at its
centre is :

(A) (B) Zero (C) (D)

2 0R 4 0R 4 0R

2. A charged sphere of radius r has surface charge density . The electric

field on its surface is E. If the radius of the sphere is doubled, keeping
charge density the same, the ratio of the electric field on the old sphere to
that on the new sphere will be :
1 1
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D) 4
2 4

3. A student is asked to connect four cells, each of emf E and internal

resistance r, in series. But she/he connects one cell wrongly in series with
the other cells. The equivalent emf and the equivalent internal resistance
of the combination will be :
(A) 4E and 2r (B) 4E and 3r
(C) 3E and 4r (D) 2E and 4r

4. A piece of wire bent in the form of a circular loop A carries a current I.

The wire is then bent into a circular loop B of two turns and carries the
same current. The ratio of magnetic fields at the centre of loop A to that
of loop B will be :
1
(A) (B) 16
16
1
(C) 4 (D)
4

5. A 10 cm long wire lies along y-axis. It carries a current of 1.0 A in

^ ^
positive y-direction. A magnetic field B = (5 mT) j (8 mT) k exists in
the region. The force on the wire is :
^ ^
(A) (0·8 mN) i (B) (0·8 mN) i
^ ^
(C) (80 mN) i (D) (80 mN) i

11-55/1/2 5 P.T.O.
6. A galvanometer of resistance G is converted into an ammeter of range
0 to I A. If the current through the galvanometer is 0.1% of I A, the
resistance of the ammeter is :
G G G G
(A) (B) (C) (D)
999 1000 1001 100·1

7. A conducting circular loop is placed in a uniform magnetic field

B = 50 mT with its plane perpendicular to the magnetic field. The radius
1
of the loop is made to shrink at a constant rate of 1 mm s . At the
instant the radius of the loop is 4 cm, the induced emf in the loop is :
(A) V (B) 2 V
(C) 4 V (D) 8 V

8. The electric and magnetic fields of electromagnetic waves are :

(A) In the same phase and perpendicular to each other.
(B) In the same phase and not perpendicular to each other.
(C) Not in the same phase but are perpendicular to each other.
(D) Neither in the same phase nor perpendicular to each other.

9. Two beams, A and B whose photon energies are 3·3 eV and 11·3 eV
respectively, illuminate a metallic surface (work function 2·3 eV)
successively. The ratio of maximum speed of electrons emitted due to
beam A to that due to beam B is :
1 1
(A) 3 (B) 9 (C) (D)
3 9

10. The waves associated with a moving electron and a moving proton have
the same wavelength . It implies that they have the same :
(A) momentum (B) angular momentum
(C) speed (D) energy

11. Ge is doped with As. Due to doping,

(A) the structure of Ge lattice is distorted.
(B) the number of conduction electrons increases.
(C) the number of holes increases.
(D) the number of conduction electrons decreases.
11-55/1/2 7 P.T.O.
12. The transition of electron that gives rise to the formation of the second
spectral line of the Balmer series in the spectrum of hydrogen atom
corresponds to :
(A) nf = 2 and ni = 3 (B) nf = 3 and ni = 4
(C) nf = 2 and ni = 4 (D) nf = 2 and ni =

Questions number 13 to 16 are Assertion (A) and Reason (R) type questions. Two
statements are given one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason
(R). Select the correct answer from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below.
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the
correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not
the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is also false.

13. Assertion (A) : Plane and convex mirrors cannot produce real images
under any circumstance.
Reason (R) : A virtual image cannot serve as an object to produce a
real image.

14. Assertion (A) : Two long parallel wires, freely suspended and connected
in series to a battery, move apart.
Reason (R) : Two wires carrying current in opposite directions repel
each other.

15. Assertion (A) : In photoelectric effect, the kinetic energy of the emitted
photoelectrons increases with increase in the intensity of
the incident light.
Reason (R) : Photoelectric current depends on the wavelength of the
incident light.

16. Assertion (A) : The mutual inductance between two coils is maximum
when the coils are wound on each other.
Reason (R) : The flux linkage between two coils is maximum when
they are wound on each other.
11-55/1/2 9 P.T.O.
 SECTION B

17. Two batteries of emfs 6 V and 3 V and internal resistances 0·8 and
0·2 respectively are connected in series to an external resistance R, as
shown in figure. Find the value of R so that the potential difference
across the 6 V battery be zero. 2

18. Consider a neutron (mass m) of kinetic energy E and a photon of the

same energy. Let n and p be the de Broglie wavelength of neutron and

the wavelength of photon respectively. Obtain an expression for n . 2

p

19. (a) Monochromatic light of frequency 5·0 1014 Hz passes from air
into a medium of refractive index 1·5. Find the wavelength of the
light (i) reflected, and (ii) refracted at the interface of the two
media. 2
OR
(b) A plano-convex lens of focal length 16 cm is made of a material of
refractive index 1.4. Calculate the radius of the curved surface of
the lens. 2

20. An object is placed 30 cm in front of a concave mirror of radius of

curvature 40 cm. Find the (i) position of the image formed and
(ii) magnification of the image. 2

21. How does the conductivity of an intrinsic semiconductor vary with

temperature ? Explain. Show the variation in a plot. 2

11-55/1/2 11 P.T.O.
 SECTION C

22. Three point charges Q1, Q2 and Q3 are located in x y plane at points
( d, 0), (0, 0) and (d, 0) respectively. Q1 and Q3 are identical and Q2 is
positive. What will be the nature and value of Q1 so that the potential
energy of the system is zero ? 3

23. (a) Define current density . Is it a scalar or a vector ? An electric field

E is maintained in a metallic conductor. If n be the number of
electrons (mass m, charge e) per unit volume in the conductor
and its relaxation time, show that the current density
ne 2
j = E , where = . 3
m
OR
(b) What is a Wheatstone bridge ? Obtain the necessary conditions
under which the Wheatstone bridge is balanced. 3

1
24. A bar magnet of magnetic moment 2·5 JT lies aligned with the
direction of a uniform magnetic field of 0·32 T.
(a) Find the amount of work done to turn the magnet so as to align its
magnetic moment (i) normal to the field direction, and (ii) opposite
to the field direction.
(b) What is the torque on the magnet in above cases (i) and (ii) ? 3

25. Consider the arrangement of two coils P and Q shown in the figure. When
current in coil P is switched on or switched off, a current flows in coil Q.
(a) Explain the phenomenon involved in it.
(b) Mention two factors on which the current produced in coil Q
depends.
(c) Give the direction of current in coil Q when there is a current in
the coil P and (i) R is increased, and (ii) R is decreased. 3

11-55/1/2 13 P.T.O.
26. Write the drawbacks
them 3

27. (a)
Give two
examples to justify this statement.

(b) (i) Long distance radio broadcasts use short-wave bands. Why ?
(ii) Optical and radio telescopes are built on the ground, but
X-ray astronomy is possible only from satellites orbiting the
Earth. Why ? 3

28. (a) Write two characteristic properties of nuclear force.

(b) Draw a plot of potential energy of a pair of nucleons as a function

of their separation. Write two important conclusions that can be
drawn from the plot. 3

SECTION D

Questions number 29 and 30 are case study-based questions. Read the following
paragraphs and answer the questions that follow.

29. Junction Diode as a Rectifier :

The process of conversion of an ac voltage into a dc voltage is called
rectification and the device which performs this conversion is called a
rectifier. The characteristics of a p-n junction diode reveal that when a
p-n junction diode is forward biased, it offers a low resistance and when it
is reverse biased, it offers a high resistance. Hence, a p-n junction diode
conducts only when it is forward biased. This property of a p-n junction
diode makes it suitable for its use as a rectifier.
Thus, when an ac voltage is applied across a p-n junction, it conducts
only during those alternate half cycles for which it is forward biased. A
rectifier which rectifies only half cycle of an ac voltage is called a
half-wave rectifier and one that rectifies both the half cycles is known as
a full-wave rectifier.

11-55/1/2 15 P.T.O.
 (i) The root mean square value of an alternating voltage applied to a
V
full-wave rectifier is 0 . Then the root mean square value of the
2
rectified output voltage is : 1
V0 V02
(A) (B)
2 2
2 V0 V0
(C) (D)
2 2 2

(ii) In a full-wave rectifier, the current in each of the diodes flows for : 1
(A) Complete cycle of the input signal
(B) Half cycle of the input signal
(C) Less than half cycle of the input signal
(D) Only for the positive half cycle of the input signal

(iii) In a full-wave rectifier : 1

(A) Both diodes are forward biased at the same time.
(B) Both diodes are reverse biased at the same time.
(C) One is forward biased and the other is reverse biased at the
same time.
(D) Both are forward biased in the first half of the cycle and
reverse biased in the second half of the cycle.

(iv) (a) An alternating voltage of frequency of 50 Hz is applied to a

half-wave rectifier. Then the ripple frequency of the output
will be : 1
(A) 100 Hz (B) 50 Hz
(C) 25 Hz (D) 150 Hz

OR

11-55/1/2 17 P.T.O.
 (b) A signal, as shown in the figure, is applied to a p-n junction
diode. Identify the output across resistance RL : 1

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

30. A lens is a transparent medium bounded by two surfaces, with one or

both surfaces being spherical. The focal length of a lens is determined by
the radii of curvature of its two surfaces and the refractive index of its
medium with respect to that of the surrounding medium. The power of a
lens is reciprocal of its focal length. If a number of lenses are kept in
contact, the power of the combination is the algebraic sum of the powers
of the individual lenses.

11-55/1/2 19 P.T.O.
 (i) A double-convex lens, with each face having same radius of
curvature R, is made of glass of refractive index n. Its power is : 1
2 (n 1) (2n 1)
(A) (B)
R R
(n 1) (2n 1)
(C) (D)
2R 2R
(ii) A double-convex lens of power P, with each face having same
radius of curvature, is cut into two equal parts perpendicular to its
principal axis. The power of one part of the lens will be : 1
P
(A) 2P (B) P (C) 4P (D)
2
(iii) The above two parts are kept in contact with each other as shown
in the figure. The power of the combination will be : 1

P P
(A) (B) P (C) 2P (D)
2 4
(iv) (a) A double-convex lens of power P, with each face having same
radius of curvature, is cut along its principal axis. The two
parts are arranged as shown in the figure. The power of the
combination will be : 1

(A) Zero (B) P

P
(C) 2P (D)
2
OR
(b) Two convex lenses of focal lengths 60 cm and 20 cm are held
coaxially in contact with each other. The power of the
combination is : 1
(A) 6·6 D (B) 15 D
1 1
(C) D (D) D
15 80
11-55/1/2 21 P.T.O.
 SECTION E

31. (a) (i) A ray of light passes through a triangular prism. Show
graphically, how the angle of deviation varies with the angle
of incidence ? Hence define the angle of minimum deviation.

(ii) A ray of light is incident normally on a refracting face of a

prism of prism angle A and suffers a deviation of angle .
Prove that the refractive index n of the material of the prism
sin ( A )
is given by n .
sin A
(iii) The refractive index of the material of a prism is 2 . If the
refracting angle of the prism is 60 , find the

(1) Angle of minimum deviation, and

(2) Angle of incidence. 5

OR

(b) (i)
angle i on a reflecting surface. Construct the corresponding
reflected wavefront. Using this diagram, prove that the
angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence.

(ii) What are the coherent sources of light ? Can two

independent sodium lamps act like coherent sources ?
Explain.

(iii) A beam of light consisting of a known wavelength 520 nm

and an unknown wavelength
experiment produces two interference patterns such that the
fourth bright fringe of unknown wavelength coincides with
the fifth bright fringe of known wavelength. Find the value
of . 5
11-55/1/2 23 P.T.O.
32. (a) (i) Derive an expression for potential energy of an electric
dipole p in an external uniform electric field E . When is
the potential energy of the dipole (1) maximum, and
(2) minimum ?

(ii) An electric dipole consists of point charges 1·0 pC and

+ 1·0 pC located at (0, 0) and (3 mm, 4 mm) respectively in
1000 V ^
x y plane. An electric field E = i is switched on
m
in the region. Find the torque acting on the dipole. 5

OR

^
(b) (i) An electric dipole (dipole moment p = p i ), consisting of

charges q and q separated by distance 2a, is placed along

the x-axis, with its centre at the origin. Show that the
potential V, due to this dipole, at a point x, (x >> a) is equal
^
1 p. i
to . .
4 2
0 x

(ii) Two isolated metallic spheres S1 and S2 of radii 1 cm and

3 cm respectively are charged such that both have the same
2
charge density 10 9 C / m2 . They are placed far away

from each other and connected by a thin wire. Calculate the

new charge on sphere S1. 5

33. (a) (i) A resistor and a capacitor are connected in series to an ac

source v = vm sin t. Derive an expression for the impedance
of the circuit.

(ii) When does an inductor act as a conductor in a circuit ? Give

reason for it.

11-55/1/2 25 P.T.O.
 (iii) An electric lamp is designed to operate at 110 V dc and
11 A current. If the lamp is operated on 220 V, 50 Hz
ac source with a coil in series, then find the inductance of
the coil. 5

OR

(b) (i) Draw a labelled diagram of a step-up transformer and

describe its working principle. Explain any three causes for
energy losses in a real transformer.

(ii) A step-up transformer converts a low voltage into high

voltage. Does it violate the principle of conservation of
energy ? Explain.

(iii) A step-up transformer has 200 and 3000 turns in its

primary and secondary coils respectively. The input voltage
given to the primary coil is 90 V. Calculate :

(1) The output voltage across the secondary coil

(2) The current in the primary coil if the current in the

secondary coil is 2·0 A. 5

11-55/1/2 27 P.T.O.
 MARKING SCHEME : PHYSICS (042)
CODE :55/1/2
Q.NO. VALUE POINT/EXPECTED ANSWERS MARKS TOTAL
MARKS
Section A
1. (B) Zero 1 1
2. (A) 1 1 1
3. (D) 2E and 4r 1 1
4. 1 1 1
(D)
4
5. (B) (-0.8 mN) î 1 1
6. G 1 1
(B) 
1000
7. (C) 4πµV 1 1
8. (A) In the same phase and perpendicular to each other 1 1
9. 1 1 1
(C)
3
10. (A) momentum 1 1
11. ( B) the number of conduction electrons increases. 1 1
12. (C) n f  2 and ni  4 1 1
13. (D) Assertion (A) is false and reason (R) is also false.. 1 1
14. (A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the 1 1
correct explanation of the Assertion (A)
15. (D) Assertion is false and Reason ( R) is also false. 1 1
16. (A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason(R) are true and Reason( R ) is the 1 1
correct explanation of the Assertion (A)
Section B
17.
Finding the value of R 2

9
i ½
R 1

As potential difference across 6V is zero;

 9  ½
6 – ir = 0  6     0.8   0
 R 1 
On solving;

R= 0.2Ω 1 2
18.
Obtaining an expression for λn / λp 2

55/1/2 Page 3 of 22
 ½
E= => λp =

½
λn = =
√( )
½
= ×
√( )

= √( ) ½

2
19.

(a) Finding the wavelength of

(i) Reflected Light 1
(ii) Refracted Light 1

(i)
v=υλ
3×108 = 5×1014 × λ 1
λ = 600 nm or 6 ×10-7m
(ii)
air
medium 

600 nm
medium 
1.5 1
= 400 nm or 4×10-7m
OR
(b)

Calculating the radius of the curved surface 2

1 1 1 
 (  1)   
f  R1 R2 
1 1 1 1
 (1.4  1)   
16 R 
1 1
 0.4 
16 R
R = 16 × 0.4
R = 6.4 cm 1 2

55/1/2 Page 4 of 22
20.
Finding the
(i) position of the image formed 1
(ii) magnification of the image 1

½
(i) + =
+ =

On solving ½
v = - 60 cm
½
(ii) m = -
−60 ½
=-( ) = -2
−30 2

21. Variation of conductivity of an intrinsic semiconductor with

temperature and it’s explanation ½+½
Graph showing variation of conductivity with temperature 1

Conductivity will increase. ½

As the temperature increase , more thermal energy becomes available to
these electrons and some of these electrons may break -away ( becoming ½
free electrons contributing to conduction)

55/1/2 Page 5 of 22
 SECTION C

22.
Nature of Q1 1
Value of Q1 2

Nature of Q1 will be negative. 1

Let , Q1 = Q3 = q
1  qQ2 qq Q2 q  ½
  =0
4 0  d 2d d 
1  q2 
 qQ   Q2 q   0
4 0 d 
2
2 
½
q2
2qQ2  0
2
q2
2qQ2  
2
Q1 = q  4Q2 1

3
23. a)

 Defining current density ½

 Whether scalar or vector ½
 Showing 𝚥⃗ = α 𝐸⃗ 2

Current density is the amount of charge flowing per second per unit area
normal to the flow. ½
Alternatively:
𝑗=

It is a vector quantity. ½

55/1/2 Page 6 of 22
 The amount of charge crossing the area A in time ∆t is I ∆t, where I is the
magnitude of the current. Hence, ½
I ∆ t = ne A |vd| ∆t

½
I∆t= τ n ∆t |E|
½
I = |j|A

½
|j| = τ |E|

𝚥⃗ = α 𝐸⃗

OR

b)
Defining Wheatstone bridge 1
Obtaining balancing conditions 2

Alternatively:
If the figure is explained in words full credit to be given.

For loop ADBA:

–I1 R1 + I2 R2 + Ig G = 0 (1)
½
For loop CBDC:
I4 R4 - I3 R3 - Ig G = 0 (2) ½

For balanced wheatstone bridge, Ig = 0 ½

And by applying Kirchoff’s junction rule to junction D and B,

I1 = I3 & I2 = I4

55/1/2 Page 7 of 22
 From eqn (1) and (2)

= and =
 = ½

24.
(a) Finding the work done to turn the magnet
(i) normal to the field direction 1
(ii) opposite to the field direction 1
(b) Torque on the magnet for case (i) and (ii) ½+½

(a)
(i)
W = -mB( Cosθ2- Cosθ1)
= - mB( Cos90°- Cos0°)
= mB
W = 2.5 ×0.32
W = 0.8 J 1

(ii)
W = -mB( Cos180°- Cos0°)
= 2 mB
= 2× 0.8 1
W = 1.6 J

(b)
(i)
τ = mB sin θ ½
= 0.8 Nm
(ii)
τ=0 ½
3
25.
(a) Explaining the phenomenon 1
(b) Two Factors on which current depends 1
(c) Direction of current in coil Q when
(i) R is increased ½
(ii) R is decreased ½

55/1/2 Page 8 of 22
 (a) Mutual Induction
When an alternating voltage is applied to the primary, the resulting
1
current produces an alternating magnetic flux which links the
secondary and induces an emf in it.

(b)
Factors on which the current produced in coil Q depends will be: (Any two)
(i) Number of turns in coil P and Q
(ii) Current flowing through coil P. ½+½
(iii) Resistance of coil Q.
(iv) Mutual Induction between the two coils.

(c) The direction of current through coil Q: ½

(i) Clockwise when R is increased. ½
(ii) Anticlockwise when R is decreased. 3
26.
 Drawbacks of Rutherford’s atomic model 1
 Bohr’s explanation 1
 Showing different orbits are not equally spaced 1

Drawbacks:
i) According to classical electromagnetic theory, an accelerating charged
particle emits radiation in the form of electromagnetic waves. The energy of
an accelerating electron should therefore, continuously decrease. The
electron would spiral inward and eventually fall into the nucleus. Thus, such
an atom cannot be stable.
ii) As the electrons spiral inwards, their angular velocities and hence their
frequencies would change continuously. Thus, they would emit a
continuous spectrum, in contradiction to the line spectrum actually 1
observed.

Bohr postulated stable orbits in which electrons do not radiate energy 1

Alternatively:
Bohr’s postulates (Any ONE of the three)
(i) An electron in an atom could revolve in certain stable orbits without the
emission of radiant energy.
(ii) The electron revolves around the nucleus only in those orbits for which
the angular momentum is some integral multiple of h/2π
(iii) An electron might make a transition from one of its specified non-
radiating orbits to another of lower energy. When it does so, a photon is
emitted having energy equal to the energy difference between the initial and
final states.

55/1/2 Page 9 of 22
 The radius of the nth orbit is found as

1
rn α n2

Alternatively:
Difference in radius of consecutive orbits is
rn+1 – rn = k [(n+1)2 – n2)]
= k (2n + 1) which depends on n, and is not a constant 3

27.
a) Two examples 1
b) (i) Reason for use of short waves bands 1
(ii) Reason for x-ray astronomy from satellites 1

a) (Any Two)
 Gamma radiation having wavelength of 10–14 m to 10–15 m, typically
originate from an atomic nucleus.
 X-rays are emitted from heavy atoms.
 Radio waves are produced by accelerating electrons in a circuit. A
transmitting antenna can most efficiently radiate waves having a
wavelength of about the same size as the antenna. ½+½

b) (i) Ionosphere reflects waves in these bands 1

(ii) Atmosphere absorbs x-rays, while visible and radio waves can
penetrate it. 1

Note: Full credit to be given for part (b) for mere attempt.
3
28.
(a) Two properties of nuclear force 1
(b) Plotting graph between potential energy as a function of
separation. 1
Two important conclusions. 1

(a) Properties of nuclear forces (Any two) :

(i) The nuclear force is much stronger than the Coulomb force
acting between charges or the gravitational forces between
their masses.
(ii) The nuclear force between two nucleons falls rapidly to zero
as their distance becomes more than a few femtometres.
(iii) The nuclear force between neutron- neutron, proton- neutron

55/1/2 Page 10 of 22
 and proton-proton is approximately same.
(iv) The nuclear force is charge independent. ½+½
(b)

Note: Full credit to be given if values are not marked on the graph.

Conclusions:-
(i) The potential energy is minimum at a distance r .
(ii) The force between the nucleons is attractive for distances larger
than r and repulsive if they are separated by distance less than r . ½+½
3
Section D

29.
1
(i) (A)
√

(ii) (B) half cycle of the input signal 1

(iii) (C) One is forward biased and the other is reverse biased at the 1
same time

(iv) a) (B) 50 Hz 1

OR

b) (D)
4
30. ( )
(i) (A) 1
(ii) (D) P/2

(iii) (B) P 1

(iv) a) (C) 2P 1
OR
b) (A) 6.6 D 1
4

55/1/2 Page 11 of 22
 Section E

31. (a)
(i) Graph showing variation of angle of deviation with angle of
incidence 1
Defining angle of minimum deviation 1
sin( A   )
n
(ii) Proof of refractive index sin A 1

(iii) (1) Finding angle of minimum deviation 1

(2) Angle of Incidence 1

(i)

Minimum deviation angle is defined as the angle at which angle of 1

incidence is equal to the angle of emergence.

Alternatively
At minimum deviation refracted ray inside the prism becomes parallel to the
base of the prism.

55/1/2 Page 12 of 22
 (ii)

At the face XZ :- ½
 sin i  1  sin r ----- (1)
r=i+δ [ from diagram] ----- (2)
In ΔXMN ; A+( 90 –i) + 90 =180
 A=i ----- (3) ½
Putting eq. (3) & (2) in eq. (1)
 sin A  sin ( A   )
sin ( A   )

sin A

(iii)
 A  m 
sin  
(1)   2 
A
sin
2
 60  m  ½
sin  
 2 
2
sin 30
 60   m  1
 sin    sin 45
 2  2
60   m ½
 45   m  30
2
A  m ½
(2) i
2
60  30
i 
2 ½
i  45

55/1/2 Page 13 of 22
 OR

(b)

(i) Statement of Huygens’ Principle ½

Construction of reflected wave front ½
Proof of angle of reflection is equal to angle of incidence 1
(ii) Definition of coherent sources ½
Explanation 1
(iii) Finding the unknown wavelength 1½

(i) Each point of the wavefront is the source of a secondary

disturbance and the wavelets emanating from these points spread
out in all directions with the spread of the wave. Each point of
the wavefront is the source of a secondary disturbance and the
wavelets emanating from these points spread out in all directions ½
with the speed of the wave. These wavelets emanating from the
wavefront are usually referred to as secondary wavelets and if
we draw a common tangent to all these spheres, we obtain the
new position of the wavefront at a later time.

ΔEAC is congruent to ΔBAC; so i  r 1

(ii) Two sources are said to be coherent if the phase difference between ½
them does not change with time.

No, two independent sodium lamps cannot be coherent. ½

Two independent sodium lamps cannot be coherent as the phase between

them does not remain constant with time. ½
(iii)
4 2  5 1
D  D
4  5  known ½
d d

55/1/2 Page 14 of 22
 5
   known
4
5 1
  520 5
4
= 650 nm

32. (a)

(i)
 Deriving the expression for potential energy 2
 Maximum & Minimum value of potential energy (½+½)
(ii) Finding the torque. 2

(i)

The amount of work done in rotating the dipole from θ =  0 to θ = 1 by

the external torque
1
½
W=   dext
o

1

=  pE sin  d
o

W = pE (cos  0  cos 1 ) ½
 ½
For  0  & 1  
2

= pE (cos  cos  )
2
U( )   pE cos 
½
= - 𝑝⃗.𝐸⃗
(1) Potential energy is maximum when:
 
p is antiparallel to E ½

55/1/2 Page 15 of 22
 Alternatively:
 = 180° or π radians
(2) Potential energy is minimum when:
 
p is along to E ½
Alternatively:
 = 0°

(ii)

½
  pE sin  ½
 (2aq ) E sin 
4
 (5  10 3  1  10 12 )103 
5
½
 4  10 12 Nm
Direction is along –ve Z direction. ½

OR
(b)

(i) Deriving expression for potential 2½

(ii) New charge on Sphere S1 2½

(i)
2a
½

-q O +q P 𝚤̂

55/1/2 Page 16 of 22
 1 q
V ½
4 0 r
V  V  q  V q
1  q q 
V 
4 0  (x  a ) (x  a ) 
 ½

q x  a  x  a 

4 0  (x 2  a 2 ) 
q 2a p
V   ½
4 0 (x  a ) 4 0 (x 2  a 2 )
2 2

As p is along x-axis, so

1 p . iˆ
V 
4 0 (x 2  a 2 )

If x>>a ½

1 p . iˆ
V 
4 0 x 2

Alternatively:

1 q q 
V    ----- (i) ½
4 0  r1 r2 
By geometry
r12  r 2  a 2  2ar cos
r22  r 2  a 2  2ar cos
 2acos a 2 
r  r 1 
1
2 2
 2
 r r 

55/1/2 Page 17 of 22
  2a cos  
 r 2 1  
 r 
 2a cos  
r22  r 2 1  
Similarly,  r 
a
Using binomial theorem & retaining terms upto the first order in ;
r
we obtain
1

1 1 2a cos   2 1 a 
 1    1  cos   ----- (ii) ½
r1 r  r  r r 
1

1 1 2a cos   2 1  a 
 1    1  cos   ----- (iii) ½
r2 r  r  r r 
Using equations (i) ,(ii) & (iii) & p = 2qa
q 2a cos  p cos  ½
V 
4 0 r2 4 0r 2

p cos   p . rˆ

As r is along the x – axis.
 
 p . rˆ  p . iˆ
 ˆ
 V  1 p .i ½
4 0 x 2

(ii)
Charge on sphere S1 :
Q1 = surface charge density  surface Area
2 
=  109   4 (1  10 2 )2
  ½
13
= 8  10 C

Charge on sphere S2 :
Q2 = surface charge density  surface Area
2 
=  109   4 ( 3  102 )2
 
13
= 72  10 C ½
When connected by a thin wire they acquire a common potential V
and the charge remains conserved. ½
Q1  Q2  Q1  Q2
 C1V  C 2V
Q1  Q 2  (C1  C2 )V

55/1/2 Page 18 of 22
 Q1  Q 2
Common potential(V) 
C1  C 2
1 1
C1  4 0r1   10 2   10 11 F
9  10 9
9
1 1
C 2  4 0r2   3  10 2   10 11 F
9  10 9
3
13
80  10 ½
V   1.8V
1 1 11
    10
9 3
1
𝑄  C1V   10 11  1.8
9
𝑄  2  10 12 C ½

Alternatively:
Charge on sphere S1 :
Q1 = surface charge density  surface Area
2 
=  109   4 (1  10 2 )2
 
= 8  10 C13 ½
Charge on sphere S2 :
Q2 = surface charge density  surface Area
2 
=  109   4 ( 3  102 )2
 
13
= 72  10 C ½
When connected by a thin wire they acquire a common potential V
and the charge remains conserved. ½
Q1  Q2  Q1  Q2
½
=
½
On solving, 𝑄  2  10 12 C

5
33. (a)
(i) Deriving expression for impedance 2
(ii) Reason 1
(iii) Inductance of coil 2

55/1/2 Page 19 of 22
 (i)

½
VC + VR = V
v m2  v rm
2
 v cm
2

vr m  im R
vcm  im X c
v m2  (im R )2  (im Xc )2 ½
i 2
m
R  X 
2 2
c
=
vm ½
 im 
R  X c2
2

½
 Impedance Z  R 2  X c2
(ii) For direct current (dc), an inductor behaves as a conductor.
As XL = ωL = 2π ν L 1
For dc ν = 0  XL= 0
Alternatively: -
LdI
Induced emf (ε) = -
dt
For dc; dI = 0  ε = 0

110 ½
(iii) R = = 10 Ω
11
v r ms 220
ir ms  
R 2  X L2 100  X L2
220
11  ½
100  X L2
220
100  X L2   20
11
Squaring both sides:
 100  X L2  400

55/1/2 Page 20 of 22
  X L2  300  X L  10 3  ½
X L  2 fL  10 3  2  50  L
3 ½
L = H
10
OR
(b)

(i) Labelled diagram of step – up transformer 1

Describing working principle ½
Three causes 1½
(ii) Explanation 1
(iii) (1) Output voltage across secondary coil ½

(2) Current in primary coil ½

(i)

OR

55/1/2 Page 21 of 22
 The working principle of transformer is mutual induction.
When an alternating voltage is applied to the primary, the resulting
current produces an alternating magnetic flux which links the
½
secondary and induces an emf in it.

Causes of energy losses (Any three)

(a) Flux leakage
(b) Resistance of the windings
(c) Eddy currents
½+½+½
(d) Hysteresis

(ii) No ½
Current changes correspondingly. So, the input power is equal to the
output power. ½

(iii)
(1)
Vs N s

VP N P
N 3000
Vs  s  VP   90
NP 200
Vs  1350 V ½
(2)
IP Ns

Is NP

3000 ½
IP   2  30 A
200

55/1/2 Page 22 of 22
 Marking Scheme
Strictly Confidential
(For Internal and Restricted use only)
Senior School Certificate Examination, 2024
SUBJECT NAME PHYSICS (Theory) ( CODE 55/1/3)

General Instructions: -

1 You are aware that evaluation is the most important process in the actual and correct
assessment of the candidates. A small mistake in evaluation may lead to serious problems which
may affect the future of the candidates, education system and teaching profession. To avoid
mistakes, it is requested that before starting evaluation, you must read and understand the spot
evaluation guidelines carefully.
2 “Evaluation policy is a confidential policy as it is related to the confidentiality of the
examinations conducted, Evaluation done and several other aspects. Its’ leakage to
public in any manner could lead to derailment of the examination system and affect the
life and future of millions of candidates. Sharing this policy/document to anyone,
publishing in any magazine and printing in News Paper/Website etc may invite action
under various rules of the Board and IPC.”

3 Evaluation is to be done as per instructions provided in the Marking Scheme. It should not be
done according to one’s own interpretation or any other consideration. Marking Scheme should
be strictly adhered to and religiously followed. However, while evaluating, answers which are
based on latest information or knowledge and/or are innovative, they may be assessed for
their correctness otherwise and due marks be awarded to them. In class-X, while
evaluating two competency-based questions, please try to understand given answer and
even if reply is not from marking scheme but correct competency is enumerated by the
candidate, due marks should be awarded.

4 The Marking scheme carries only suggested value points for the answers
These are in the nature of Guidelines only and do not constitute the complete answer. The
students can have their own expression and if the expression is correct, the due marks should
be awarded accordingly.
5 The Head-Examiner must go through the first five answer books evaluated by each evaluator on
the first day, to ensure that evaluation has been carried out as per the instructions given in the
Marking Scheme. If there is any variation, the same should be zero after delibration and
discussion. The remaining answer books meant for evaluation shall be given only after ensuring
that there is no significant variation in the marking of individual evaluators.

6 Evaluators will mark( √ ) wherever answer is correct. For wrong answer CROSS ‘X” be marked.
Evaluators will not put right (✓)while evaluating which gives an impression that answer is
correct and no marks are awarded. This is most common mistake which evaluators are
committing.
7 If a question has parts, please award marks on the right-hand side for each part. Marks awarded
for different parts of the question should then be totaled up and written in the left-hand margin
and encircled. This may be followed strictly.
8 If a question does not have any parts, marks must be awarded in the left-hand margin and
encircled. This may also be followed strictly.

55/1/3 Page 1 of 25