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01 Linear approximation

The document discusses linear approximation for various functions, specifically cos x and e^x, at different points. It provides step-by-step solutions to find the linear approximations, ultimately concluding that the linear approximation for cos x at a = 0 is L(x) = 1, and for e^(-0.1) it is L(-0.1) = 0.9. Additionally, it calculates the linear approximation for (x + 4)^2 at a = 2, resulting in L(x) = 12 + 12x.

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2 views

01 Linear approximation

The document discusses linear approximation for various functions, specifically cos x and e^x, at different points. It provides step-by-step solutions to find the linear approximations, ultimately concluding that the linear approximation for cos x at a = 0 is L(x) = 1, and for e^(-0.1) it is L(-0.1) = 0.9. Additionally, it calculates the linear approximation for (x + 4)^2 at a = 2, resulting in L(x) = 12 + 12x.

Uploaded by

dogansahin279915
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Topic: Linear approximation

Question: Find the linear approximation of the function at a = 0.

f (x) = cos x

Answer choices:

A L(x) = 1

B L(x) = x

C L(x) = x − 1

D L(x) = − x

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Solution: A

Take the derivative.

f (x) = cos x

f′(x) = − sin x

Evaluate the original function at a = 0.

f (0) = cos 0

f (0) = 1

Evaluate the derivative at a = 0.

f′(0) = − sin 0

f′(0) = 0

Substitute all of these pieces into the linear approximation formula.

L(x) = f (a) + f′(a)(x − a)

L(x) = 1 + 0(x − 0)

L(x) = 1

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Topic: Linear approximation

Question: Use linear approximation to estimate e −0.1.

Answer choices:

A 0.1

B 0

C 0.9

D 1.1

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Solution: C

Given the value of the function we’re asked to estimate, it’s clear that the
function should be e x. Instead of trying to find f (−0.1), let’s use a linear
approximation equation and a = 0 to get an approximation for f (−0.1).

Take the derivative.

f (x) = e x

f′(x) = e x

Evaluate the original function at a = 0.

f (0) = e 0

f (0) = 1

Evaluate the derivative at a = 0.

f′(0) = e 0

f′(0) = 1

Substitute all of these pieces into the linear approximation formula.

L(x) = f (a) + f′(a)(x − a)

L(x) = 1 + 1(x − 0)

L(x) = 1 + x

Now that we’ve built the linear approximation equation, we can substitute
x = − 0.1.

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L(−0.1) = 1 − 0.1

L(−0.1) = 0.9

385
Topic: Linear approximation

Question: Find the linear approximation of the function at a = 2.

f (x) = (x + 4)2

Answer choices:

A L(x) = 1 + x

B L(x) = 12 + 12x

C L(x) = − 12 − 12x

D L(x) = 1 − x

386
Solution: B

Take the derivative.

f (x) = (x + 4)2

f′(x) = 2(x + 4)(1)

f′(x) = 2x + 8

Evaluate the original function at a = 2.

f (2) = (2 + 4)2

f (2) = 36

Evaluate the derivative at a = 2.

f′(2) = 2(2) + 8

f′(2) = 12

Substitute all of these pieces into the linear approximation formula.

L(x) = f (a) + f′(a)(x − a)

L(x) = 36 + 12(x − 2)

L(x) = 36 + 12x − 24

L(x) = 12 + 12x

387

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