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M.Tech. [Online]: ECE - Written Test

Sample Test

Instructions:
All questions carry 1 mark each. There are no negative marks.

I. E NGINEERING M ATHEMATICS Q UESTIONS [A NSWER A NY 8 Q UESTIONS ]

1) Coin 1 and Coin 2 show heads with probability 0.25 and 0.75 when tossed, respectively. Suppose a coin is
chosen uniformly at random and tossed, and it shows heads. The probability that Coin 1 was chosen is
Answer:

2) Let A and B be two independent events with probabilities Pr[A] = 0.6 and Pr[B] = 0.5. Then, the probability
Pr[A ∪ B] equals
a) 1
b) 1.1
c) 0.8
d) 0.7

3) A coin shows heads with probability p when tossed. If the coin is tossed n times, then the probability of
getting exactly one tail or exactly one head is
Answer:

4) FX (·) and FY (·) denote the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the random variables X and Y ,
respectively. X and Y are mutually independent. The probability of the event max {X, Y } ≤ a is given by
a) max {FX (a), FY (a)}
b) FX (a) + FY (a)
c) FX (a)FY (a)
d) None of the above

5) If A is an n × n unitary matrix, what are the rank and determinant of A?

a) Rank = 1, determinant = 0
b) Rank = n, determinant = 1
c) Rank = n, determinant = ±1
d) Cannot be determined from the information provided

6) Suppose A is an n × n matrix whose eigenvalues are {3, −1, 0, . . . , 0}, where there are n − 2 zeros. What
are the eigenvalues of A 2 + A?
a) 9, 1 and n − 2 zeros
b) 8, 4 and n − 2 zeros
c) 12 and n − 1 zeros
d) Cannot be determined from the information provided
 
0 −1
7) What is the characteristic polynomial of the matrix ?
1 0
a) x2 + 1
b) x2 − 1
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c) x2 + 2x + 1
d) x2 − 2x + 1

8) Find the rank and nullity of A = [1, 2].

a) Rank = 0, nullity = 0
b) Rank = 0, nullity = 1
c) Rank = 1, nullity = 0
d) Rank = 1, nullity = 1
 
1+ρ ρ
9) Consider the matrix , where 0 ≤ ρ ≤ 1. What are its eigenvalues?
ρ 1+ρ
a) ρ and 1+ρ
b) ρ and 1 + 2ρ
c) 1 and 1+ρ
d) 1 and 1 + 2ρ
 3
d2 y dy
10) For the equation dx2 + dx + 3x − 2y = 0, obtain the order and the degree
a) Order: 2, Degree: 1
b) Order: 2, Degree: 3
c) Order: 3, Degree: 2
d) Order: 1, Degree: 2

d2 y dy
11) Identify the solution for the differential equation dx2 − 10 dx + 25y = 0
a) y = Ae5x
b) y = Ae5x + Be−5x
c) y = A x e5x + Be5x
d) y = Ae5x − Be5x

d2 y dy
12) What is the solution of differential equation dx2 − dx − 30y = 0?
Answer:

II. S UBJECT Q UESTIONS [A NSWER A NY 12 Q UESTIONS ]

1) The transmitted signal X takes values −1 and 1 with equal probability. The received signal Y is equal to
Y = X + N, (1)
where the noise N is independent of X and is uniformly distributed over [−2, 2]. For the maximum likelihood
decoder, the probability of error (up to 1 decimal place) is equal to ?
Answer:

2) For a transmission scheme that uses 64-QAM and a coding rate of 5/6, the number of information bits
transmitted in a codeword of length 1000 symbols is
Answer:

3) Consider the constellation shown in Fig. 1. All points in the constellation are transmitted with equal probability.
The average transmit energy is equal to
a) a2
b) 3a2 /4
c) a4
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d) a2 /2

1 2
x (−a,a) x (a,a)

3
x (0,0)

4
x (−a,−a)

Fig. 1
4) An image uses 16 × 16 picture elements. Each element can take any of 8 possible intensity levels. The
maximum entropy of this image will be
a) 2048 bits
b) 1024 bits
c) 4096 bits
d) None of the above

5) A source generates three symbols with probabilities 0.25, 0.25, and 0.50. It transmits them at a rate of 3000
symbols/second. Assuming independent generation of symbols, the average rate of the most efficient source
encoder would be
a) 6000 bits
b) 4500 bits
c) 3000 bits
d) None of the above

6) Let X denote the outcome of a fair die, i.e., it can take one of the six values {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} with equal
probability. What is the entropy of the random variable Y = X 2 + 2X + 1?
a) log(6)
b) log(6)/6
c) log2 (6) + 2 log(6) + 1
d) (log2 (6) + 2 log(6) + 1)/6

7) A continuous-time signal lies in the frequency band |ω| < 5π . This signal is contaminated by a large sinusoidal
signal of frequency 120π . The contaminated signal is sampled at a sampling rate of ω s = 13π . After sampling,
at what frequency does the sinusoidal interfering signal appear?
a) 2π
b) π
c) 3π
d) None of the above
 sin2 (W n)
8) X = ∞ n=−∞ π 2 n2
evaluates to
a) π
b) W/π
c) sin(W π)
d) 0
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9) A discrete-time system has impulse response h[n] = a n u[n + 2], with 0 < |a| < 1 and u[n] is a unit step
function. Is this system
a) BIBO stable, causal, and memoryless
b) BIBO stable, not causal, and not memoryless
c) Not BIBO stable, causal, and memoryless
d) Not BIBO stable, not causal, and not memoryless
∞
10) The Laplace transform of s(t) = n=0 u(t − n) with u(t) being a unit step function is
a) s(1 −1 e−s )
b) s(1 +1 e−s )
c) (1 +s e−s )
d) e−2s

11) Consider a discrete-time sequence, x[n], with a z-transform denoted by X(z) with the region-of-convergence
R1 < |z| < R2. What is the ROC for the z-transform of x(−n)?
a) R1 < |z| < R2
b) R2 < |z| < R1
c) 1/R1 < |z| < 1/R2
d) 1/R2 < |z| < 1/R1

12) Let w(n) be a white Gaussian random process with variance N 0 and be the input of a stable LTI system,
with transfer function H(f ). The power spectral density of the output of the LTI system equals
a) N0
b) N0 |H(f )|
c) N0 |H(f )|2
d) N0 /|H(f )|2

13) A silicon sample is doped with 10 17 Arsenic atoms/cm3. The equilibrium hole concentration p 0 at 300K is
approximately given by:
a) 2.25 × 103 /cm3
b) 2.25 × 109 /cm3
c) 4.5 × 103 /cm3
d) 4.5 × 109 /cm3

Fig. 2
14) If a sinusoidal input voltage V in with frequency f0 is applied to the two circuits shown in Fig. 2, the output
voltage across the load resistor R L has a large DC component along with a ripple. The frequency of the
ripple is:
a) f0 for both circuits
b) f0 for circuit (a) and 2f0 for circuit (b)
c) 2f0 for circuit (a) and f0 for circuit (b)
d) 2f0 for both circuits
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Fig. 3
15) For the CMOS logic circuit shown in Fig. 3, if A = 1 and B = 1, then the value of Y is:
a) 0
b) 1
c) Unknown
d) None of the above

16) The circuit diagram in Fig. 4 shows a CMOS D flip-flop. The clock phase provided to:
a) TG1 is incorrect
b) TG2 is incorrect
c) TG3 is incorrect
d) TG4 is incorrect

Fig. 4

Fig. 5
17) Refer to the figure of the circuit in Fig. 5, where a 1 GHz generator with Z g = 50 Ω is connected to a load
ZL = (50 − j30) Ω. In order to facilitate maximum power transfer to ZL , the minimum length l for the
open-circuited transmission line having characteristic impedance Z 0 = 60 Ω would be approximately:
a) 0.574λ
b) 0.007λ
c) 0.324λ
d) 0.176λ
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18) A certain two-port network has the following scattering matrix:

 
0.1∠0o 0.8∠90o
S=
0.8∠90o 0.2∠0o
The network is:
a) Reciprocal and Lossy
b) Reciprocal and Lossless
c) Non-reciprocal and Lossless
d) Non-reciprocal and Lossy