A Project Report on

TACHOMETER USING AURDINO

SENSORS
Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement of University
of Mumbai
For the Degree of
Bachelor of Engineering ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
in

Submitted By

1. Omkar borhade 4022106

2. Faiz dhamaskar 4022113
3. Shlok kurtadkar 4022125

Under the Supervision of

Mr. Mahendra Rane

Department of Electrical Engineering

Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues Institute of Technology Sector 9A,

Vashi, Navi Mumbai - 400703

UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI 2023-24

CERTIFICATE
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This is to certify that the project report entitled “Tachometer using aurdino
sensors” is a bonafide work of Omkar borhade (4022106), Faiz
dhamaskar (4022113), Shlok kurtadkar(4022125) University of
Mumbai in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the
degree of “Bachelor of Engineering” in “Electrical Engineering”.

Prof. Mahendra Rane

(Project Guide)

Dr. Bindu S. Dr. S. M. Khot

Head of Department Principal

(Electrical Engineering) Fr. C.R.I.T., Vashi.

APPROVAL SHEET
This is to certify that the project entitled

Tachometer using aurdino sensors

Submitted by

Omkar borhade 4022106

2
 Faiz dhamaskar 4022113
Shlok Kurtadkar 4022125

Examiners: 1.

2.

Date:

Place:

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, praise and thanks to God, the Almighty, for His showers of
blessings throughout our work to complete the project report successfully. We are
overwhelmed in all humbleness and gratefulness to acknowledge our depth to all
those who have helped us put these ideas well above the level of simplicity and into
something concrete and so many people whose names may not all be enumerated.
We would like to express our deepest gratitude towards our Project Guide Prof.
Rajendra Soni, Assistant Professor (FCRIT, Vashi), for his patient guidance,
enthusiastic encouragement, and useful critiques on this project work. The
willingness to give his time, advice, and assistance in keeping our progress on
schedule so generously has been very much appreciated. We are grateful to our
college Fr. C. Rodrigues Institute of Technology, Vashi and its faculty for
cooperating with us and to Dr. S.M. Khot, the Principal and Dr. Bindu S., H.O.D.,
Electrical Department for providing us with a platform and environment to complete
the project. Finally, a big thanks to every member of the team for contributing to the
project with the best of their abilities in finalizing this project report within the
limited time frame. Thank You!

Project Group Members:

1. Omkar borhade (4022106)

2. Faiz dhamaskar (4022113)

3. Shlok kurtadkar (4022125)

ABSTRACT
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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SR.NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1
2.2
Chapter 3 WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT

3.1 Working principle

3.2 Operation
3.3 Block and circuit diagram of tachometer
of the system
3.4 Pin diagram of Arduino nano

Chapter 4 LIST OF COMPONENTS

4.1 Table of components

4.2 language used

Chapter 5 SIMULATION RESULT

Chapter 6 CONCLUSION

Chapter 7 REFERENCES 24

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 INTRODUCTION

A tachometer is a device used to

measure the rotational speed of an object, such as the
engine in a car. It typically uses a potentiometer and
resistors to convert the rotational speed into an
electrical signal. Two potentiometers may be used to
measure both the maximum and minimum speeds. An
IR sensor can also be used to detect the rotation and
provide accurate readings. The block diagram of a
tachometer shows the components and their
connections. Let me know if you'd like more
information on any specific aspect!
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under
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CC BY-SA
LITERATURE SURVEY FOR BUILDING TACHOMETER

1.Gather the necessary components: Arduino board,

tachometer sensor (such as an IR sensor or hall effect sensor),
jumper wires, and a breadboard (optional).

2. Connect the sensor to the Arduino board. Follow the

sensor's datasheet or tutorial to identify the correct pins for
power, ground, and signal.

3. Upload the Arduino code to read the sensor data. You

can find example codes and libraries online that are
specifically designed for tachometer projects.

4. Test the sensor by rotating the object you want to

measure the speed of. The sensor should detect the rotations
and provide corresponding output.

5. Calibrate the sensor if necessary. You may need to adjust

the code or sensor settings to ensure accurate readings.

6. Display the speed readings. You can use the Arduino's

built- in serial monitor or connect an LCD display to show the
speed in real-time.

Remember to refer to specific tutorials and documentation for

detailed instructions based on the sensor and Arduino
board you USING

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 CHAPTER 03

WORKING OF THE CIRCIUT

The tachometer circuit using Arduino sensors works by using the sensor
(such as an IR sensor or hall effect sensor) to detect the rotational speed
of an object, such as a motor. Here's a simplified explanation of how it
works:

1. The sensor detects the rotations of the object and generates an

electrical signal.
2. The Arduino board reads this signal through one of its digital
input pins.
3. The Arduino code processes the signal and calculates the
rotational speed based on the time between rotations.
4. The calculated speed can be displayed on the Arduino serial monitor
or an external display, such as an LCD screen.

To implement this circuit, you would connect the sensor to the

appropriate pins on the Arduino board and write the code to read and
process the sensor data. The specific wiring and code will vary depending
on the sensor and ArdUINO YOU ARE USING

3.3 BLOCK AND CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF TACHOMETER

USING AURDINO SENSOR
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Figure 3.3(a): Block Diagram of the System

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 Figure 3.3(b): Circuit Diagram of the System

3.4 PIN DIAGRAM OF ARDUINO

Figure 3.4: Pin Diagram of Arduino Uno R3

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Source: https://www.elprocus.com/what-is-arduino-uno-r3-pin-diagram-
specificationand-applications/

Description of the pins:

1. VCC: This pin provides a regulated voltage of 5V to power the Arduino Nano.

2. GND: These pins are the ground connections for the Arduino Nano.

3. AREF: This pin is used as the reference voltage for analog-to-digital

conversions.

4. A0-A7: These pins are analog input pins used to read analog voltage values.

5. D0-D13: These pins are digital input/output pins. D0 and D1 are also used
for serial communication (RX and TX).

6. TX/RX: These pins are used for serial communication with other devices.

7. RESET: This pin is used to reset the Arduino Nano.

8. 5V: This pin provides a regulated voltage of 5V from the Arduino Nano.

9. VIN: This pin allows an external power source to power the Arduino Nano.

10. GND: These pins are additional ground connections for the Arduino Nano.

11. AREF: This pin is used as the reference voltage for analog-to-digital
conversions.

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These are the main pins on the Arduino Nano Type C. Each pin has specific
functions for input, output, power, and communication. The exact usage of
each pin will depend on your specific project and the components you are
connecting to the Arduino Nano

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 CHAPTER 04

LIST OF COMPONENTS

4.1 Table of Components:

SR.NO NAME OF COMPONENT RATING

1. SSD1306 DISPLAY 5V

2. TP 4056 MODULE 250kΩ

3. MT 3608 BOOST ATmega328P

CONVERTOR
4. ARDUINO NANO TYPE C 220Ω

5. MINI ROCKER SWITCH 16x2 Lcd Display

PUSH BUTTON
LITHIUM BATTERY

4.2 Software Required:

Tinker cad- Tinker cad is a user-friendly online platform for creating, designing, and
simulating 3D models and electronics projects. It also has a virtual electronics lab
where users may design and test devices. It offers a large choice of electronic
components like as resistors, LEDs, sensors, and microcontrollers, allowing users to
virtually design and test circuits. Microcontrollers such as Arduino may be
programmed directly within Tinker cad using a block-based coding environment.
This function allows you to create interactive projects that integrate hardware and
software components. Tinker cad enables users to build electronic component
assemblies, providing a more accurate picture of how circuits are physically coupled.

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 Arduino IDE- The Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is a
software application that simplifies the process of programming and interacting with
Arduino microcontrollers. It provides a user-friendly platform for writing, compiling,
and uploading code to Arduino boards. The IDE includes features like a code editor,
compiler, library manager, serial monitor, and examples to help users create projects
easily. It supports various Arduino board models and is compatible with Windows,
macOS, and Linux. The Arduino IDE is a crucial tool for both beginners and
experienced programmers working with Arduino hardware.

4.3 Language used:

The Arduino programming language, often referred to as "Arduino Sketch," is based

on a simplified variant of C and C++. It shares many similarities with standard C/C+
+, but includes specific functions and libraries that make it easier to interact with the
hardware components connected to an Arduino board.

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 CHAPTER 05

SIMULATION RESULT USING TINKER CAD

Here is a theoretical framework of how this circuit is

analaysed in step by step process
. Open Tinkercad and create a new circuit.
2. Add an Arduino board to the circuit.
3. Add the necessary components for your tachometer, such
as an IR sensor or hall effect sensor, along with resistors
and potentiometers if required.
4. Connect the components according to your
circuit diagram, ensuring that the sensor is
connected to the appropriate pins on the Arduino
board.
5. Write the Arduino code to read and process the
sensor data, calculating the rotational speed.
6. Upload the code to the Arduino board in the
Tinkercad circuit.
7. Run the simulation to see the tachometer in action

CODE TO RUN THE CIRCIUT (sample code)

sample code to run a tachometer using Arduino and sensors:

cpp
const int sensorPin = 2; // Replace with the appropriate pin number for your sensor
unsigned int rpm;
unsigned long timeold;

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void setup() {

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 Serial.begin(9600);
attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(sensorPin), rpm_fun, RISING);
timeold = 0;
}

void loop() {
if (millis() - timeold > 1000) {
detachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(sensorPin));
rpm = 30 / (millis() - timeold) * 1000;
timeold = millis();
attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(sensorPin), rpm_fun, RISING);
Serial.print("RPM: ");
Serial.println(rpm);
}
}

void rpm_fun() {
// This function is called whenever the sensor detects a pulse
// Add appropriate code to count the pulses and calculate RPM
}

Make sure to replace sensorPin with the correct pin number where you have
connected your sensor. Additionally, you'll need to write the appropriate code inside
the rpm_fun() function to count the pulses from your sensor and calculate the RPM.

Remember, this is just a basic example, and you may need to modify the code based
on your specific sensor an

CHAPTER 06

CONCLUSION

building a tachometer using Arduino sensors is a fun and rewarding

project. By using sensors like IR or hall effect sensors, along with resistors

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and potentiometers, you can measure rotational speed and display it as
RPM. You'll need to write code to read sensor data, calculate RPM, and
display it on a display or serial monitor. Remember to adjust the code and
connections based on your specific sensors and requirements

CHAPTER 07

REFERENCES

1. https://youtu.be/5N4Ulnaa-YA?feature=shared

2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3fOLDJxGAxI

3. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/2625-power-thefts-
detectedin-3-months-across-maharashtra/articleshow/93483183.cms

4. https://www.newslaundry.com/2023/08/01/electrocution-kills-12500-a-yearbut-
indias-power-safety-problem-still-finds-little-media-space

5. https://docs.arduino.cc/hardware/uno-rev3

6. https://www.elprocus.com/what-is-arduino-uno-r3-pin-diagram-
specificationand-applications/

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