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 This book is dedicated to my wife, Dr. Andrea
M. Nerozzi, and our two sons, Luke and
Nathaniel. They are the cornerstone upon which
all my good works have been built, and the
capstone of my life.
 THE PATH OF
FREEMASONRY

“Like a drowsy lion, Freemasonry arouses in the outsider both

curiosity and mistrust. This landmark book anatomizes the
creature without apology or mystification. At the same time, it
summons insiders to revive their moribund craft in all the
grandeur of its original mission to humanity. Mark Stavish,
whose work is informed by a profound knowledge of esoteric
traditions, has earned gratitude from both sides.”
JOSCELYN GODWIN, PROFESSOR OF MUSIC EMERITUS, COLGATE
UNIVERSITY AND COAUTHOR OF SYMBOLS IN THE WILDERNESS AND
FORBIDDEN FRUITS

“Mark Stavish’s The Path of Freemasonry provides a

comprehensive introduction to the Craft—its history, inner
structure, beliefs, objectives, rites, and even its symbolically
rich language. Unusually, however, it goes far beyond this
brief to encompass the broader social and cultural issues
surrounding the tradition; and in particular its relationship
with, and profound connections to, the occult societies and
esoteric currents toward which some of its most respected
members have contributed their energy and organizational
and ritual know-how. Indeed but for the disciplinary bedrock
provided by Freemasonry it is arguable whether there would
be a Western esoteric tradition worth talking of. This
commendable work provides the reader with an accessible
and engaging overview of this subject.”
PETER MARK ADAMS, AUTHOR OF THE GAME OF SATURN, MYSTAI,
AND THE POWER OF THE HEALING FIELD

“Mark Stavish has written a must-read for anyone considering

Freemasonry and the esoteric path within it . . . This book will
take you on a journey through its unique history, touching
upon rituals, symbolism, and diving into the philosophies of
its uncharted beginnings and into the modern era. Get ready
for a journey and an exciting read into the world’s most
venerable fraternity.”
ERIK W. KROGSTAD 33°, MASTER MASONIC SCHOLAR, LECTURER, AND
BLOGGER
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Thank you to Jon Graham, Jeanie Levitan, Patricia Rydle, Albo
Sudekum, and the entire staff at Inner Traditions for their support on
this project. They are a spectacular group of people to work with
and have made a “good book” much better.
Thank you to Carl Weschcke of Llewellyn Worldwide who
published the first edition of this book under the title Freemasonry:
Rituals, Symbols, and History of the Secret Society in 2007. May this
new and much improved edition be a testament to the wisdom of
both these publishers and their staff.
 Contents
Cover Image
Title Page
Dedication
Epigraph
Acknowledgments
Deeper into the Wonderful Mystery. Foreword to the 2021
Edition by Arturo de Hoyos, 33°
Foreword to the First Edition by Lon Milo DuQuette, 32°
How to Use This Book
INTRODUCTION. What Is the Secret of Freemasonry?

A NOTE TO THE NON-MASON

CHAPTER 1. What Is Freemasonry?

OPERATIVE AND SPECULATIVE MASONRY

ELIAS ASHMOLE: ANGELIC MAGICIAN AND “FIRST
FREEMASON”
THE ROYAL SOCIETY
THE FIRST GRAND LODGE
ANDERSON’S CONSTITUTIONS
MASONIC LANDMARKS AND THE MAKING OF A
MOVEMENT
ANCIENTS AND MODERNS: THE CRAFT’S FIRST CRISES
MASONRY AS A METAPHOR FOR SELF-DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 2. The Temple of Solomon and the Legend of
Hiram Abiff

THE TEMPLE OF SOLOMON

SOLOMON AS MAGICIAN
PICATRIX
CLAVICULA SALOMONIS
SHEKINAH: GODDESS OF THE TEMPLE
SOLOMON AND THE DIVINE FEMININE
HIRAM ABIFF AND THE UNIQUE MYTHOLOGY OF
FREEMASONRY
CHAPTER 3. Masonic Initiation and the Blue Lodge

INITIATION: THE MAKING OF A FREEMASON

ISOLATION, INDIVIDUALITY, AND THE BEGINNING OF
MASONIC AWAKENING
THE TRESTLE BOARD: MASONIC INSTRUCTION THROUGH
SYMBOLS
SYMBOLIC MASONRY: BLUE LODGE AND THE STARRY
VAULT OF HEAVEN
THE ENTERED APPRENTICE: THE GATE OF INITIATION
THE FELLOWCRAFT: THE MIDDLE CHAMBER
THE MASTER MASON: THE HOLY OF HOLIES
A MASON IN THE WORLD
THE PENTAGRAM

CHAPTER 4. The Worldview of the Renaissance: The World

Is Alive, and Magic Is Afoot
THE WORLD OF NATURAL MAGIC
ANGELIC MAGIC
THE END OF THE RENAISSANCE
CHAPTER 5. Sacred Geometry, Gothic Cathedrals, and the
Hermetic Arts in Stone

TEMPLES, TALISMANS, AND THE SURVIVAL OF THE

STONE
THE FORTY-SEVENTH PROBLEM OF EUCLID: THE GREAT
SYMBOL OF MASONRY

CHAPTER 6. The Lost Word and the Masonic Quest

JEWISH MAGIC
FLUDD AND THE ROSICRUCIAN CONNECTION
THE MASON’S WORD

CHAPTER 7. Scottish Rite and the Rise of Esoteric

Masonry

THE DEGREES
ALBERT PIKE AND THE RENEWAL OF SCOTTISH RITE
MORALS AND DOGMA: THE UNOFFICIAL BIBLE OF
SCOTTISH RITE
THE ROYAL ART: FREEMASONRY AND HUMAN EVOLUTION

CHAPTER 8. Occult Masonry in the Eighteenth Century

ROSICRUCIANISM
ELUS COHEN
EGYPTIAN MASONRY
ADOPTIVE MASONRY
HERMETIC-ALCHEMICAL RITES AND THE ILLUMINATI
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 9. York Rite and the Survival of the Knights
Templar

ROYAL ARCH: CAPSTONE OF MASONRY

 CRYPTIC MASONRY AND THE LOST WORD
CHIVALRIC MASONRY
ORIGIN OF THE TEMPLARS
CHAPTER 10. Freemasonry and the European Occult
Revival
CO-MASONRY AND THE INVISIBLE ADEPTS REVISITED
MARTINISM AND ROSICRUCIANS REBORN
THE HERMETIC ORDER OF THE GOLDEN DAWN
KNIGHTS TEMPLAR ANEW

CONCLUSION. Modern Masonry: Much Ado about Nothing, or

the Revival of the Lost Word?
Afterword by Charles S. Canning, 33°
APPENDIX A. Sacred Geometry and the Masonic Tradition
by John Michael Greer
APPENDIX B. Symbols of the Tracing Boards and the
Degrees
ENTERED APPRENTICE DEGREE
FELLOWCRAFT DEGREE
MASTER MASON DEGREE

APPENDIX C. Excerpts from Morals and Dogma on the

Three Degrees of Masonry

I. APPRENTICE
II. THE FELLOWCRAFT
III. THE MASTER

Footnotes
Endnotes
Bibliography
About the Author
About Inner Traditions • Bear & Company
Books of Related Interest
Copyright & Permissions
Index
 Deeper into the Wonderful
Mystery

Foreword to the 2021 Edition

Arturo de Hoyos, 33°

FREEMASONRY, THE WORLD’S OLDEST and largest fraternity, has

been variously described and defined. The organization defines itself
as a system of morality, veiled in allegory and illustrated by symbols.
Chief among its objects is the pursuit of “light,” which is analogous
to truth or reality—or, to use the words of John Locke, “the
knowledge of things, as they are to be found in themselves, and not
our imaginations.”1 Thus, it encourages mature individual and social
responsibility through awareness of the world and our place in it.
Within the lodge Masons carefully avoid divisive issues, such as
politics and religion. Rather, Masonic “labor” is itself a type of
worship that raises humanity by self-improvement (laborare est
orare, “to work is to pray”). Although Masonry acknowledges the
existence of a Supreme Being, it leaves sectarian religious beliefs
and concerns to the individual, promoting only brotherhood. Thus, it
remarkably transcends all borders, artificial and natural, and unites
members who may otherwise have remained distant.
Yet the Craft is much more than that. Albert Pike, the famous
grand commander of the Scottish Rite, Southern Jurisdiction, stated,
“Masonry is a march and a struggle toward the Light. For the
individual as well as the nation, Light is Virtue, Manliness,
Intelligence, Liberty. Tyranny over the soul or body, is darkness.”2
And, in his clearest definition, he proclaimed:

Freemasonry is the subjugation of the Human that is in man

by the Divine; the Conquest of the Appetites and Passions by
the Moral Sense and the Reason; a continual effort, struggle,
and warfare of the Spiritual against the Material and Sensual.
That victory, when it has been achieved and secured, and the
conqueror may rest upon his shield and wear the well-earned
laurels, is the true Holy Empire.3

The means by which Freemasonry accomplishes this is through

ritual and symbolic instruction. This ancient and time-honored
practice has the remarkable ability to bring its initiates into a
mythical and symbolic realm where, freed from the thoughts and
concerns of the modern world, they gain insights and learn lessons
by which they navigate throughout life.
Freemasonry is ancient, and few records survive to give us
insight into its original character. The oldest known Masonic
document, the Regius Manuscript (ca. 1410), includes the Old
Charges or Gothic constitutions—the laws and moral code of conduct
observed by medieval stonemasons. Over 120 ancient documents
detailing these principles still survive. What today we call the “lodge”
was originally just the small private dwelling of the master—the
stonemason who held the building contract for a medieval
construction project. It was erected near the project, and if a Mason
was lucky, he might be invited to enjoy its fellowship. These early
Masons were likely read the Old Charges, given a mythical history of
their trade, and invested with secret modes of recognition, including
special handshakes and passwords. They were religious men,
builders of cathedrals, and their stories included tales of the building
of the Tower of Babel, Noah’s Ark, and, later, King Solomon’s
Temple. Early Masons were also instrumental in rebuilding London
after the great fire of 1666. By the 1640s non-Masons were being
admitted into Masonic lodges. This marked a move away from
Masonry as a purely operative, trade-based fellowship toward
speculative, or philosophic Masonry. In 1717 several lodges met and
formed a grand lodge in England, which act is often considered the
beginning of Freemasonry as a fraternity. The Old Charges were
collated and published as The Constitutions of the Free-Masons
(1723), wherein we read that Adam was the first Mason, and that
the Garden of Eden was his lodge. This work, the first official
Masonic book, continues to influence the laws of all regular grand
lodges in the world today.
The earliest accounts of Masonic ritual are found in the
Edinburgh Register House Manuscript (1696), though it leaves much
unstated. Its descriptions of rituals are mostly abbreviated, with little
explanation as to what the particular actions actually meant. Yet we
know that there were secrets to be learned from the rituals. The
Dumfries No. 4 Manuscript (1710) declares that “no lodge or corum
of massons shall give the Royal secret to any suddently but upon
great deliberation first let him learn his Questions by heart then his
symbals then do as the lodge thinks fit.” There’s a good deal of
debate and speculation among modern Masonic scholars about
where some of these practices and symbols came from.
Freemasonry has always been eclectic, borrowing what it needed to
create and improve its ceremonies, rituals, and instruction. Because
members were forbidden from transcribing the rituals and betraying
their secrets, we have precious few descriptions apart from early
anti-Masonic tracts and published exposés revealing Masonic rituals.
Some of these include enigmatic statements. For example, A Letter
from the Grand Mistress of the Female Freemasons (a mocking
 Another Random Document on
Scribd Without Any Related Topics
Turks, see “Orthodox Sects,” and also under “Muhammadan,” and
226, 227, etc.
Turkistán, 278

Ula, 246
Unitarians, 25, 26
Usury, 45

Vaghas, Sád, 24
Valley of Mina, see “Mina”
Viands, forbidden, 32, 33
Victims, 56, 57, 58
Vitr, 36

Wady Fatima, 283, 284

Wagner, 107
Wahabis, 236
Wusta, 246
Wuzú’h, 33, 35

Yazid, 71
Yemen, 71, 123, 165
Youm-ul-Arafat, Chapters IX., X., XI., Part II.
Youm-ul-Nahre, Chapter XII., Part II.
Youm-ul-Tarvih, Chapter VII., Part II.

Zaideh Gate, 114

Zakani, 88
Zanzibar, 145
Zem-Zem well, 116, 142, 145, 165, 257, 259
 Zikat, 54, 304
Zobeir, 70
Zú-’l-hijjah, 26, 27, 28, 48, 55, 56, 60, 62, 173, 174, 175
Zú-’l-ka’dah, 26, 27, 48, 55

Transcriber’s Note
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original spelling, punctuation, and accented characters have been retained. All changes
listed in the errata have also been made.
In the printed book, images occupied whole pages. In this file, some images have been
moved from their original positions to avoid breaking paragraphs.
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