©gopalax -International Journal of Technology And Engineering System(IJTES):

Jan – March 2011- Vol. 2.No1.

Simulation study on DOA estimation using MUSIC algorithm

Chetan R.Dongarsane1 and A.N.Jadhav2
1
Department of E & TC , D.Y.Patil College of Engg & Tech.,Kolhapur,Maharashtra,India
[email protected]
2
Department of E & TC , D.Y.Patil College of Engg & Tech.,Kolhapur,Maharashtra,India
[email protected]

Abstract- Smart antennas is based on digital signal corrupted by noise.[2][3] Nevertheless, there are several
processing algorithms. The smart antennas system methods to estimates the number of signals and their
becomes capable to locate and track signals by the directions. The various DOA estimation algorithms are
both: users and interferers and dynamically adapts Bartlett, Capon Min-norm, MUSIC and ESPRIT. But
the antenna pattern to enhance the reception in MUSIC and ESPRIT algorithms are high resolution and
Signal-Of-Interest direction and minimizing accurate methods which are widely used in the design
interference in Signal-Of-Not-Interest direction. of smart antennas. The popularity of MUSIC is more
Performance of smart antenna system greatly due to its accuracy & robust approach. We present
depends on efficiency of digital signal processing detailed MATLAB simulation results for MUSIC
algorithms In adaptive array smart antenna, to algorithm.[7]
locate the desired signal, various direction of arrival
II. DOA ESTIMATION ALGORITHMS
(DOA) estimation algorithms are used. The DOA
algorithms estimate the number of incidents plane The purpose of DOA estimation is to use the data
waves on the antenna array and their angle of received by the array to estimate the direction of arrival
incidence. This paper investigates performance of of the signal.
the DOA algorithm MUSIC on the uniform linear
array . The simulation results show that in MUSIC
algorithm the resolution of the DOA techniques
improves as number of snapshots, number of array
elements and signal-to-noise ratio increases.
Index terms: Smart antenna, Adaptive array DOA,
MUSIC.

I. INTRODUCTION
The smart antenna technology is based on antenna
arrays where the radiation pattern is altered by adjusting Fig. 1: Block Diagram of a Smart Antenna System
the amplitude and relative phase on the different As shown in fig.1 It is an antenna system that can
elements. If several transmitters are operating modify its beam pattern by means of internal feedback
simultaneously, each source creates many multipath control while it is operating. The directions of users and
components at the receiver and hence receive array interferers are obtained using a direction-of-arrival
must be able to estimate the angles of arrival in order to (DOA) estimation algorithm. DOA estimation are then
decipher which emitters are present and what are their used by the array to design the adaptive beam former in
angular locations.[1] This information in turn can be such way as to maximize the power radiated towards
used by the smart antenna to eliminate or combine the users and to suppress the interference. In short the
signals for greater fidelity or suppress interferers to successful design of adaptive array smart antenna
improve the capacity of cellular mobile depends highly on the performance of DOA estimation
communication.[3] algorithm. In the design of adaptive array smart antenna
Accurate estimation of a signal direction of arrival for mobile communication the performance of DOA
(DOA) has received considerable attention in estimation algorithm depends on many parameters such
communication. In practice, the estimation is made as number of mobile users and their space distribution ,
difficult by the fact that is usually an unknown numbers the number of array elements and their spacing, the
of signals impinging on the array simultaneously, each number of signal samples and SNR.[2][4]
from unknown directions and with unknown Conventional methods also called classical
amplitudes. Also, the received signals are always methods which first compute a spatial spectrum and

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then estimate DOAs by local maxima of the spectrum. The noise subspace eigenvectors are orthogonal to
Hence high angular resolution subspace methods such array steering vectors at the angles of arrivals θ1, θ2, θ3,
as MUSIC and ESPRIT algorithms are most widely θD and the MUSIC Pseudospectrum is given as
used.[6]
P MUSIC(θ) = 1/abs((a(θ)θH EN ENH a(θ))
III. MUSIC Algorithm
However when signal sources are coherent or noise
MUSIC is an acronym which stands for Multiple
variances vary the resolution of MUSIC decreases to
Signal classification. It is high resolution technique
overcome this we must collect several time samples of
based on exploiting the eigenstructure of input
received signal plus noise. The natural estimate the
covariance matrix. This approach was first posed by
correlation matrices via time averaging is then given
Schmidt. It is a simple, popular high resolution and
by[8][9][10]
efficient Method. It promises to provide unbiased H
RXX =
estimates of the number of signals, the angles of arrival
and the strengths of the waveforms.[5][11] The MUSIC Pseudospectrum using with time
averages now provides high angular resolution for
coherent signals.
III. SIMULATION RESULTS
The effect of changing different parameters on the
performance of the MUSIC algorithms has been
investigated. A uniform linear array structure has been
considered in our simulation experiments and all inputs
were made fixed when the effect of changing a
parameter value was investigated.
In these simulations, it is considered a linear array
antenna that are evenly spaced with the distance of λ /
2 . The noise is considered to be additive gaussian
white noise. It is considered that two signals are emitted
from two sources placed on the directions Ө1= - 14o and
Ө2 = +35o,& having amplitudes 0.5 & 1 respectively .
Fig. 2: Geometry of a Uniform Linear Array
Case 1: The first parameter that was analyzed is the
If the number of signals impinging on N element number of snapshots , fig.1(a) shows MUSIC peaks
uniform liner array as shown in fig.2 is D, the number with K=50 with keeping SNR and N at 20 and 4
of signal eigenvalues and eigenvectors is D and number respectively.
of noise eigenvalues and eigenvectors is N - D. The music
10
array correlation matrix with uncorrelated noise and N=4,SNR=20,K=50
equal variances is then given by
0

Rxx= A*Rss*AH + б2*I (1)

-10

Where A= [a(θ1) a(θ2) a(θ3) --- a(θD)] is M x D

Pmusic/(db)

array steering matrix. -20

H denotes harmition transpose or conjugate transpose

-30

Rss = [s1(k) s2(k) s3(k) ---- sD(k)]T is D x D source

correlation matrix. -40

฀n2 is the variance of noise & I is the identity matrix

-50
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100

Rxx has D eigenvectors associated with signals and N– aoa

D Fig .1(a) DOA’s with reduced number of signal

eigenvectors associated with the noise. We can then snapshots
construct the N x (N-D) subspace spanned by the noise
eigenvectors such that With keeping the SNR & N constant samples fig
1(b) shows the effect of increasing the l samples of
EN = [E1 E2 E2 ------- EN-D] (2) incident signal, we will get sharper peaks with K=400.

55 gopalax Publications
 music
10
music
N=4,SNR = 20,K=400 10

-10

-10
Pmusic/(db)

-20

Pmusic/(db)
-20

-30

-30

-40
-40

-50
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
aoa -50
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
aoa

Fig.1(b) Effect of increasing number of signal

Fig 3(a) MUSIC spectrum with N = 4
snapshots
music
10

Case 2 : Next simulation results shows effect of

varying SNR. Fig.2(a) shows MUSIC psudospectrum 0

with N=4,K=100 & signal to noise ratio is 5.The

MUSIC peaks gets spreaded with increased SNR. we -10

can observe that peaks become more sharper, that

Pmusic/(db)
angular resolution is improved The signal power is -20

taken as 0.05 & 0.015 respectively.

music -30
10

N=4,K=100,SNR=5
-40
0

-50
-10 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
aoa
Pmusic/(db)

-20 Fig 3(b) MUSIC spectrum with N = 16

-30
Case 3 : For fig 3(a) & (b) signal power taken as 0.05&
0.09 respectively. From simulation results it is clear that
-40 with more number of antenna elements we can estimate
the exact angles more accurately.
-50
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
aoa
IV. CONCLUSION
Fig.2(a) SNR=5, N= 4, K = 100 1. Number of elements: Increasing the number of
10
music elements increases the resolution for multiple
sources. If the number of signals is large then a
N=4,K=100,SNR=40

0
higher element array predicts the directions of
arrival better.
-10 2. Noise: With lower noise, the peaks become
sharper. The presence of added noise causes a
Pmusic/(db)

-20 spreading effect on the peaks.

3. Number of samples: Increasing the number of
-30
samples does not bring about a greater
improvement in the plots. However , number
-40
of samples must be greater than number of
incident signals for workable results
-50
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
aoa This analysis is useful in implementation of
direction of arrival based smart antenna system.
Fig.2(b) High angular resolution with increased
SNR(= 40)

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 V. REFERENCES [6] Takao K. and Kikuma N., 1987, “An adaptive
[l] Tsoulos, G: “Smart Antennas for Mobile array utilizing an adaptive spatial averaging
Communication Systems: Benefits and technique for multipath environments ”, IEEE
Challenges”, IEE Electron. Commun Eng. Journal, Trans. AP, m, 1389-1 396.
ll(2): 84-94, Apr. 1999 [7] Piechocki, R and Tsoulos, G: “A Mcrocellular
[2] Godara L.C., “Application of Antenna Arrays to Radio Channel Model for Smart Antenna Tracking
Mobile Communications Part-II: Beamforming and Algorithms”, Pmc. of VTC ‘99, pp. 1754-1758,
Direction-of- Arrival Consideration”, In Houston, TX, May 1999
proceedings of IEEE, 85 (8), pp. 1195 – 1245, [8] Preeti Gupta, Munish Rattan,”Performance
2003 Analysis of direction of arrival estimation
[3] Liherti, J., and Rappaport, T., 1999, “Smart algorithms for smart antennas”, Proceedings of
antennas for wireless communications,” Prentice second national conference on wireless and optical
Hall, New Jersey, USA. communication, pp. 60- 64, Chandigarh, India,
December-2008.
[4] Paulraj and T. Kailath.“Eigenstructure methods for
irection of arrival estimation in the presence of [9] Andrew Knight, “Basics of MATLAB and Beyond”,
unknown noise field”, IEEE Transaction Acoustic, CRC Press, 2000.
speech and signal processing,Vol.Assp. 34, No.1, [10] E. Tuncer and B. Friedlander, “Classical and
pp. 1302, Feb. 1986 Modern Direction-of- Arrival Estimation,” Ed.
[5] Shan T., Wax M. and Kailath T., 1985, “Spatial Elsevier,USA, 2009.
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